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Query: UMLS:C0025202 (melanoma)
 69,561 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A study of the pathology records during 6 years for 160 women with bladder neoplasia and 150 with malignant melanoma revealed differences in patient experience in regard to the incidence of surgical biopsies. Biopsy for additional skin lesions was common in melanoma patients, who produced few gastrointestinal lesions. In contrast, 19 of the bladder cancer patients produced 26 gastrointestinal lesions, including 5 carcinomas. The latter incidence is higher than expected in our population. This difference between the 2 sets of patients in regard to skin and gastrointestinal lesions is statistically significant. Few gynecological lesions were noted in either group but a common factor was human papillomavirus infection, as indicated by the presence of koilocytosis. The latter also was present in 17 per cent of 41 otherwise negative smears from patients with bladder neoplasia, that is considerably more than expected (less than 1 per cent), and is similar to that reported previously in patients with melanoma.
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PMID:One of 8 women with bladder neoplasia may have concomitant gastrointestinal pathology, including cancer. 254 70

Cancer incidence among 8,004 patients hospitalized for epilepsy between 1933 and 1962 in the Filadelfia treatment community in Denmark was compared to that of the general population. Patients received powerful and prolonged treatment with phenobarbital, phenytoin, and other anticonvulsants. This new survey extends the follow-up from 1976 through 1984. Among 7,864 patients with epilepsy not known to have received radioactive Thorotrast, record linkage with national cancer incidence files identified 789 cancers, compared to 664 expected [relative risk (RR) = 1.19; 95% confidence interval = 1.11-1.27]. Significant risks were found for cancers of the brain and central nervous system (RR = 5.7; n = 118) and the lung (RR = 1.4; n = 106). The excess numbers of brain cancer were concentrated within 10 years of hospitalization (RR = 20.7; n = 80) and decreased significantly over time, which suggests that brain tumors account for the seizure disorder and are not due to phenobarbital exposure as suggested by some epidemiologic studies. No overall risk was apparent when brain cancers were excluded (RR = 1.03). Because bladder cancer was significantly decreased (RR = 0.6; n = 18), the excess risk of lung cancer may not have been related to the "anecdotal" heavy smoking reported among confined groups of epileptic patients in the early years of the study period. The incidence of malignant melanoma was also significantly low (RR = 0.5; n = 7), which suggested limited exposure to sunlight among confined patients. The risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma was increased, but not significantly (RR = 1.4; n = 16), which is interesting in view of previous reports suggesting an association with phenytoin. Overall, these data provide little evidence that phenobarbital and phenytoin are carcinogenic to humans, but the excess risks of lung cancer and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma among epileptic patients in our study deserve further evaluation.
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PMID:Cancer among epileptic patients exposed to anticonvulsant drugs. 250 19

A total of 772,492 (99.3%) of all patients with a newly diagnosed malignant disease notified to the National Swedish Cancer Registry during 1958 through 1984 could be followed up with respect to survival or emigration by means of computerized record linkages. The number of cancer patients still alive on December 31, 1984, totalling 194,389, was divided by the appropriate population denominator. The crude prevalence rate in Sweden of individuals who have or have had any cancer was 1,840 per 10(5) in males and 2,808 per 10(5) in females. At ages 40 through 59, the rates in females were 2.2 to 2.5 times higher than those in males, whereas after the age of 75 cancer was more prevalent in males. Prostate cancer was the most common tumour in males, 24.5% of the crude prevalence rate (451 per 10(5), followed by colorectal cancer, cancer of the bladder and malignant melanoma. In females, the breast was the dominating cancer site, accounting for 32.7% (917 per 10(5), followed by cancer of the large bowel, uterine corpus and uterine cervix. We conclude that prevalence rates provide important information about the magnitude of the cancer problem over and above that revealed by incidence and mortality statistics. The high, and probably increasing, prevalence rates over time emphasize that important savings in economic and other resources can be achieved by strictly evaluated and cost-effective regimens for follow-up.
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PMID:The prevalence of cancer in Sweden 1984. 278 21

A series of 1,438 parents and 2,663 other relatives of retinoblastoma patients have been followed up to ascertain the incidence among them of non-ocular cancer. Among 117 of these relatives who were known carriers of the mutation of the retinoblastoma gene 23 cases of non-ocular cancer developed during the follow-up period of the study. This compares with an expected number of 2.3, a relative risk of 9.9. A total of 25 deaths among these carriers included 21 from non-ocular cancer; the expected number was 1.8, a relative risk of 11.6. Relatives who are carriers are about 15 times more likely to die from lung cancer than the general population. Previous findings of an association of melanoma and bladder cancer with retinoblastoma are borne out in this study. The incidence of non-ocular cancer among relatives of hereditary cases who are not definitely known to be carriers shows an excess risk of 1.6: it is concluded that a proportion of these relatives are in fact carriers of the mutated retinoblastoma gene. For relatives who are not gene carriers there appears to be no excess risk of developing cancer. Carriers relatives who are not themselves affected with retinoblastoma may be inherently less liable than affected carriers to the further genetic changes which lead to the development of both retinoblastoma and subsequent non-ocular cancer.
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PMID:Non-ocular cancer in relatives of retinoblastoma patients. 278 42

Polymorphism of the human c-Ha-ras-1 gene has been analysed in DNA from 168 individuals using the enzymes MspI and HpaII. In all, 35 bladder cancer patients, 28 melanoma patients, 22 Wilms' tumour patients, 24 first-degree relatives of Wilms' tumour or melanoma patients and 59 unaffected controls were studied. A total of 13 different fragment sizes was detected, 4 "common" and 9 "unusual". Of the latter, 4 were observed only in cancer patients or their first-degree relatives. The frequency of unusual alleles was significantly greater in bladder cancer patients and in the combined tumour group than in controls, thus providing support for the association of unique Ha-ras alleles and cancer. Some unaffected relatives of patients carried unusual alleles, and thus there is no absolute relationship between Ha-ras genotype and disease.
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PMID:c-Ha-ras-1 alleles in bladder cancer, Wilms' tumour and malignant melanoma. 289 80

In Denmark the 1970-census population has been followed up for deaths, emigrations, and cancer cases during the ten-year period 1970-80. The linked register allows tabulation of cancer incidence by occupation, however no information is available on specific exposures. It is therefore an indication of the validity of the register that classic associations known from in-depth epidemiological studies are found also in the register. Examples are cancer of the lip in farmers, RR = 1.85, and fishermen, RR = 3.17; and cancer of the nasal cavities and sinuses in skilled furniture makers, RR = 12.25. The register may serve as a library for further elucidation of newly reported associations. Examples, of such associations confirmed in the Danish data, are an excess risk of colon cancer among males with sedentary work, RR = 1.38; and an excess risk of bladder cancer in hairdressers, RR = 2.05. An unconfirmed example is an excess risk of malignant melanoma in the printing industry, where the Danish data show an RR of 0.95. A systematic tabulation of each cancer diagnosis across detailed occupational groups may lead to identification of previously unknown associations. This procedure is illustrated using cancer of the pharynx as an example. Painters were identified as having an excess risk of pharyngeal cancer (RR = 2.27, 95% CI 1.1-4.2).
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PMID:Use of surveillance systems for occupational cancer: data from the Danish National system. 320 25

Based on the numbers of new cancers diagnosed, deaths from cancer and person-years of life lost as a result of death from cancer, non-melanocytic skin cancer, lung cancer, cancers of the colon and rectum, breast cancer, cancer of the prostate, melanoma, cancer of the stomach, cancer of the bladder, cancer of the pancreas, and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma were judged to be the most important cancers in Australia in 1982. Of these, only cancer of the pancreas appeared to be decreasing in frequency, and then only since 1979, while cancers of the lung and malignant melanoma of the skin were increasing rapidly. By the turn of the century the number of new cases of cancer diagnosed in Australia each year will be at least 50% higher than it was in 1982, mainly as a result of population growth and ageing. Given what is presently known about the causes of cancer it may be estimated that about one-third of cancers occurring in Australia could be prevented through feasible programmes. More than half of this change would be achieved through the elimination of tobacco smoking. A further 13% of cancer deaths, and some non-fatal cases, could be prevented by the effective implementation of cancer screening programmes of established efficacy. Even after this, however, many of the currently important cancers would remain significant. They are, therefore, priority subjects for research in cancer control.
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PMID:The epidemiology and prevention of cancer in Australia. 326 76

Cancer incidence trends from the late 1940s to 1983-84 were assessed among white residents of five geographic areas (Atlanta, Connecticut, Detroit, Iowa, San Francisco-Oakland) by means of data derived from several National Cancer Institute surveys, the Connecticut Tumor Registry, and the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program. Incidence trends were compared with mortality trends for the entire United States and for the same five study areas. This study documented rising incidence and mortality rates for four cancers: lung cancer, melanoma of the skin, multiple myeloma, and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Increases in lung cancer continued through the early 1980s, but the rate of increase has been moderating during recent years, particularly among males and at younger ages for whom recent declines are evident. Overall, lung cancer incidence rates increased more than 220 and 400% among males and females, respectively. Although much rarer than lung cancer, melanoma of the skin and multiple myeloma increased greatly until the early 1980s among both males and females. The overall rate of increase in melanoma incidence among males was greater than that for lung cancer, and the rate of increase in multiple myeloma mortality among females was exceeded only by that for lung cancer. Increases of 70-120% were observed for non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Increases in incidence and mortality rates for pancreatic cancer were apparent during the early years but less conspicuous in recent years. Laryngeal and kidney cancer rates generally increased substantially, although the changes were not remarkable for laryngeal cancer mortality among males and kidney cancer mortality among females. The rates for cancers of the mouth and pharynx increased among females but not males. Prostate, colon, and bladder cancer incidence rates increased more than 65% among males, whereas mortality rates changed only moderately. The incidence of thyroid cancer increased more than 75% among both sexes until the late 1970s, but mortality rates have declined during the period of study. Breast cancer incidence increased 30%, whereas mortality rates remained remarkably constant. The incidence of corpus uteri cancer increased dramatically during the mid-1970s and decreased substantially thereafter; these changes were not reflected in the mortality rates, which continually declined during the entire time period. The incidence of testicular cancer increased more than 90% and that of Hodgkin's disease did not change greatly; however, mortality rates for both cancers declined more than 50% since the late 1960s and early 1970s.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Cancer incidence and mortality trends among whites in the United States, 1947-84. 330 21

We calculated 5-year crude and relative survival rates, by age and sex, for patients in Alberta in whom cancer was diagnosed between 1974 and 1978. Cancers with low overall 5-year relative survival rates (less than 35%) included stomach cancer, cancer of the pancreas, lung cancer, brain cancer, multiple myeloma and myeloid leukemia. Cancers with high overall 5-year relative survival rates (more than 70%) included melanoma, breast cancer, cancer of the uterus, cancer of the bladder and Hodgkin's disease. Five-year relative survival rates were generally lower in the highest age group (75 years or more). A strong inverse relation between age and survival was noted for brain cancer, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, Hodgkin's disease and myeloid leukemia.
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PMID:Survival rates among patients with cancer in Alberta in 1974-78. 337 May 94

Sensitivity of human serially transplanted tumours (melanoma, hepatoma, lung, stomach and bladder cancer) to monochemotherapy was studied in nude mice. The following groups of nude mice were examined: intact and those with human xenografts (control and mice treated with alkylating agents). Changes in peripheral blood morphology have been revealed and functional activity of the energetic enzymes (SDH and alpha-GPDH) has been cytochemically discovered.
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PMID:[Effect of chemotherapy on human tumor heterografts and lymphocytes in athymic mice]. 359 37


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