Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0024623 (gastric cancer)
 36,219 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Mononuclear cells from the organized gut-associated lymphoid tissues of gastric cancer patients or cancer-free individuals were examined for the number of K cells in antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and target cell reduction in microcytotoxicity assays. Mononuclear cells were isolated from cancer tissue, gastric mucosa, intestinal mucosa, peripheral blood, spleens, tonsils, thymus, and the mesenteric lymph nodes of gastric cancer patients or the non-gastric cancer group. K cells against sheep erythrocytes were found in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of both gastric cancer patients and cancer-free individuals, and to a lesser extent in mucosal mononuclear cells from gastric cancerous and noncancerous areas and spleens of both groups. No significant differences in the number of K cells were observed between mononuclear cells from gastric cancerous areas and noncancerous areas. On the other hand, microcytotoxicity assay effector cell activities against allogeneic gastric cancer cell lines were significantly higher in mucosal mononuclear cells from gastric cancerous areas than those from noncancerous areas. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells of gastric cancer patients showed relatively low microcytotoxicity assay activity at an effector to target cell ratio of 10:1, but not 30:1 as compared with that in mucosal mononuclear cells from gastric cancerous areas, spleens, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells of the non-gastric cancer group. Cells from lymph nodes, tonsils, and thymus did not have K cells and showed low microcytotoxicity assay activities. These results demonstrate that mucosal mononuclear cells from gastric cancerous areas may possibly show different behavior from those from noncancerous areas with regard to cell-mediated cytotoxicity.
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PMID:Cell-mediated cytotoxicity of mononuclear cells isolated from cancer and normal mucosa of the stomach. 706 57

The Fc receptor expression, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), and nitro-blue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction of peripheral blood monocytes from 150 patients with different stages of gastric cancer was assessed and compared with results obtained in 77 normal persons and 104 patients with non-malignant diseases of the gut. Monocytes of cancer patients showed an increased ability to form rosettes with human 0, Rh + erythrocytes coated with D-specific antibody. ADCC and NBT reduction were also elevated but no correlation was found with the stage of disease. However, all these phenomena were related to the tumor load as elevated values were the same 4-6 months after surgery in the unresectable-tumor group, while they decreased in patients with resectable tumors. These observations suggest that monocytes of some cancer patients are functionally altered ("activated") in the course of disease.
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PMID:"Activated" monocytes in gastric cancer patients. I. Increased Fc receptor expression, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and NBT reduction. 713 Feb 44

In order to study the changes of gut hormones and gastric motility in gastric cancer patients, the concentrations of motilin (MOT) in plasma and duodenal juice were measured by RIA, and the intragastric pressure of the pylorus, the body and the fundus of the stomach of 33 gastric cancer patients were measured using a WYY-B Manometer (produced by Areomedicine Research Institute, Beijing, China). The results showed that MOT concentrations of both plasma and duodenal juice were significantly higher than that of healthy controls (P < 0.05-0.01), and that of duodenal juice was about 3 times higher than in healthy controls. The basic intragastric pressure and the wave pressure of the pylorus, body and fundus of the patients were significantly lower than that of control subjects (P < 0.01). Almost all the intragastric wave pressure of the patients were of inhibition type, especially that of at or near the cancer masses. Our results indicate that there were marked drop in the stomach tension and motility in gastric cancer patient, while the increased MOT concentrations of plasma and duodenal juice were due to the pathological compensation.
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PMID:[Motilin concentration and intragastric pressure in patients with gastric cancer]. 817 83

The authors have hypothesized that iodine-deficiency (I-def) or in some cases iodine-excess (I-excess) is associated with the development of gastric cancer. They report a short review of their own work and general literature on this subject in three fields: (1) epidemiology, where geographical and temporal correlations between territories with I-def (or I-excess) endemic goitre and high GC-death rate are reported; (2) immunology, where the possible correlations between I-def, immune-deficiency and GC are reported; and (3) thyroid gland and stomach correlations, both being embryologically derived from primitive gut and able to concentrate iodine. This ability is impaired by nitrates, thiocyanate, salt and by I-excess, which in fact can cause goitre. In our study I-def goitrous people have shown more atrophic gastritis than normal subjects. These data enable us to hypothesize that I-def or I-excess might constitute a new risk factor for gastric cancer, both by regulating gastric trophism and by antagonizing the action of those I-inhibitors (such as nitrates, thiocyanate and salt) previously studied as risk factors for gastric cancer.
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PMID:A new hypothesis: iodine and gastric cancer. 842 71

The effects of oral administration of OK-432 on immune reactivities of gut associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) were studied in patients with gastric cancer. The lymphocytes of peripheral blood, regional lymph nodes and spleen in patients with gastric cancer were measured by using different monoclonal antibodies and flow cytometry. OKT3, OKT4, OKT8, OKM1, OKT4+2H4+, OKT4+2H4-, OKT8+Leu15+ and OKT8+1Leu5- were used as monoclonal antibodies. The NK activity, Interleukin-2 production and Interleukin-2 receptor were also measured. After oral administration of OK432, 1) little change was found in peripheral blood and spleen, 2) the percentages of OKT3, OKT4, OKT4+2H4- and the ratio of OKT4/OKT8 were increased in proximal regional lymph nodes, and 3) the percentages of OKT8 and OKT8+Leu15- in regional lymph nodes were not changed. These results suggest that the helper T cell activity and the antitumor immunity of regional lymph nodes were elevated by oral administration of OK-432.
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PMID:[Preoperative immunotherapy in patients with gastric cancer--with special reference to analysis with monoclonal antibodies of T-lymphocyte subsets and interleukin-2 oral administration of OK-432 (Picibanil)]. 843 50

The brain-gut hormones, cholecystokinin (CCK) and gastrin, regulate the growth of gastrointestinal mucosa and tumor cells. In this study, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to evaluate messenger RNA expression for CCK, gastrin, CCK-A receptor, and CCK-B/gastrin receptor in surgical specimens of gastric cancers and in normal antrum and body mucosa of the stomach. The CCK mRNA expression was detectable in 4/14 (29%) samples of gastric cancer and in 3/12 (25%) samples of antral mucosa. However, the gastrin mRNA expression was not detectable in any gastric cancer samples, although it was detectable in all the samples of antral mucosa. The CCK-A receptor mRNA expression was detectable in 5/14 (36%) samples of gastric cancer and in 7/12 (58%) body mucosa. Three cases out of 14 (21%) of gastric cancer expressed both CCK gene and CCK-A receptor gene. The CCK-B receptor mRNA expression was detectable in only 1/14 (7%) samples of gastric cancer, although it was detectable in 10/12 (83%) body mucosa of the stomach. These findings may suggest a greater role for CCK and CCK-A receptor than for gastrin and CCK-B receptor in gastric cancers.
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PMID:Evaluation of cholecystokinin, gastrin, CCK-A receptor, and CCK-B/gastrin receptor gene expressions in gastric cancer. 884 81

The incidence of gastric, colonic, and rectal cancers was determined in a cohort of 73,076 men and women chronically immunosuppressed after heart or renal transplantation, to test the hypothesis that there would be a reduced incidence of gastric cancer by dampening chronic gastritis secondary to infection caused by Helicobacter pylori. Follow-up was from 1-13 years. No change in the incidence of gastric cancer was found (32 cases observed, 32.86 expected). An increase in colon cancer was found (75 cases observed, 62.27 expected). A significant reduction in the incidence of rectal cancer was found (15 cases observed, 41.5 expected). This led to a chi2 of 16.92 with 1 degree of freedom, significant at the 0.1% level. The effect was greater in men than women and more marked in heart recipients than in those receiving renal transplants. This unexpected finding led to a review of experiments in mice and rats that present evidence for immune promotion of large-bowel cancers induced by carcinogens by gut-associated lymphoid tissue. We conclude that an analysis of immune function in gut-associated lymphoid tissue in the stomach, colon, and rectum in healthy and immunosuppressed patients may lead to a better understanding of immunosurveillance in the colon and immune promotion of rectal cancers.
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PMID:Reduced incidence of rectal cancer, compared to gastric and colonic cancer, in a population of 73,076 men and women chronically immunosuppressed. 981 37

CDX2 is a tumor-suppressor homeobox gene involved in colon carcinogenesis, but its role in gastric cancer is unknown. Although GATA4, -5 and, -6 transcription factors have distinct functions in the regulation of gastrointestinal epithelial cell differentiation, there have been no reports regarding GATA4/5/6 alterations in gastrointestinal carcinomas. By using a semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay, we studied the expression of gut development-related genes CDX2/1 and GATA4/5/6 in 11 human gastric cancer cell lines. The expression of CDX2 appeared to progressively decrease with the transition from well differentiated to poorly differentiated cancer cell lines. CDX1 was below detectable levels in all cell lines. The expression of GATA4 and GATA5 was undetectable in four and six cell lines, respectively, whereas the majority of the cell lines expressed GATA6 abundantly. These results suggest that CDX2 and GATA4/5 may be associated with the carcinogenesis of the stomach. Mol. Carcinog. 28:184-188, 2000.
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PMID:Distinct expression of CDX2 and GATA4/5, development-related genes, in human gastric cancer cell lines. 1094 35

Antitumor effects of gallic acid on human stomach cancer KATO III cells and human colon adenocarcinoma COLO 205 cells were investigated. The exposures of KATO III and COLO 205 cells to gallic acid led to both growth inhibition and induction of apoptosis. Morphological changes showing apoptotic bodies were observed in both the cell lines treated with gallic acid. The fragmentations by gallic acid of DNA to oligonucleosomal-sized fragments, that are characteristics of apoptosis, were observed to be concentration- and time-dependent. These findings suggest that growth inhibitions by gallic acid of KATO III cells and COLO 205 cells result from the apoptosis induced by gallic acid. Thus, gallic acid might be a candidate drug for digestive gut cancer treatment to overcome the resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs.
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PMID:Induction of apoptosis by gallic acid in human stomach cancer KATO III and colon adenocarcinoma COLO 205 cell lines. 1103 18

Misoprostol, a prostaglandin E1 analog, is a racemate of four stereoisomers. On administration it rapidly de-esterifies to its active form, misoprostolic acid. Misoprostolic acid is 85% albumin bound and has a half-life of approximately 30 minutes. It is excreted in urine as inactive metabolites. No significant drug interactions have been reported. Besides its gastrointestinal protective and uterotonic activities, misoprostol regulates various immunologic cascades. It inhibits platelet-activating factor and leukocyte adherence, and modulates adhesion molecule expression. It protects against gut irradiation injury, experimental gastric cancer, enteropathy, and constipation. It improves nutrient absorption in cystic fibrosis. Misoprostol has utility in acetaminophen and ethanol hepatotoxicity, hepatitis, and fibrosis. It is effective in asthmatics and aspirin-sensitive asthmatic and allergic patients. It lowers cholesterol and severity of peripheral vascular diseases, prolongs survival of cardiac and kidney transplantation, synergizes cyclosporine, and protects against cyclosporine-induced renal damage. It works against drug-induced renal damage, interstitial cystitis, lupus nephritis, and hepatorenal syndrome. It is useful in periodontal disease and dental repair. Misoprostol enhances glycosoaminoglycan synthesis in cartilage after injury. It prevents ultraviolet-induced cataracts and reduces intraocular pressure in glaucoma and ocular hypertension. It synergizes antiinflammatory and analgesic effects of diclofenac or colchicine and has been administered to treat trigeminal neuralgic pain. It reduces chemotherapy-induced hair loss and recovery time from burn injury, and is effective in treating sepsis, multiple sclerosis, and pancreatitis.
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PMID:Misoprostol therapeutics revisited. 1119 38


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