Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0024623 (gastric cancer)
 36,219 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

After the incidental observation of the high signal intensity of the upper GI tract in a nourished baby, we tested eight baby milks; five different fresh commercial milks, one sweetened and condensed and two lyophilized milks in order to compare their ability to contrast MR images. The images were obtained with a 1.5 T magnet whereas the "in vitro" water proton relaxation time (T1 and T2) measurements were carried out at 0.5 T. After having selected the most effective lyophilized product, that was prepared according to the manufacturer's instructions, a group of 23 adult patients, 17 males and 6 females, with a mean age of 55.8 years (range 37 to 71 years) were examined. Thirteen patients had gastric cancer and ten patients had rectal or rectosigmoid junction tumors. The most effective imaging sequence was a spin-echo T1.w. After oral intake of milk a good contrast of the stomach, with sufficient distribution in the duodenum and the very proximal bowel, was achieved in all 13 patients with gastric cancer, as was a good depiction of the rectum and the recto-sigmoid junction after enema achieved in the 10 patients with rectal cancers. Disadvantages of lyophilized milk as a contrast agent are due to partial intestinal absorption, inhomogeneous distribution and irregular intestinal passage, whereas a clear advantage of lyophilized milk as a contrast agent is its good acceptance and palatable, inexpensive and non invasive properties. Because of these limitations lyophilized milk cannot be considered a real oral contrast medium but it can enhance MR imaging of the upper abdomen, and mainly of the lower GI tract in infants and adults.
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PMID:Magnetic resonance imaging of the gastrointestinal tract: investigation of baby milk as a low cost contrast medium. 142 58

The effects of chemical sympathectomy induced by 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) on the enhanced induction of gastric carcinogenesis by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), and the norepinephrine (NE) concentrations in their gastric wall and the labeling index of gastric epithelial cells were investigated. SHR rats and normotensive Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY) as controls were given MNNG (25 micrograms/ml) in their drinking water for 25 weeks and then i.p. injections of 6-OHDA (42 mg/kg twice within 24 hr, and then 105 mg/kg every 2 weeks from 1 week later). In control group (WKY rat + NaCl), gastric cancers were found in 2 (11%) of 18 rats examined in week 52. In SHR rats treated with NaCl solution only, the incidence of gastric cancers significantly increased, to 53% compared with that in control WKY rats. Treatment of SHR rats with 6-OHDA significantly decreased its incidence to 12% compared with the value in SHR rats treated with NaCl solution only. Prolonged administration of 6-OHDA to SHR rats significantly reduced the NE concentration in the antral portion of the gastric wall and the labeling index of antral epithelial cells. These findings indicate that prolonged i.p. treatment with 6-OHDA attenuated the normally higher incidence of MNNG-induced gastric cancer in SHR rats.
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PMID:Inhibition by 6-hydroxydopamine of enhanced gastric carcinogenesis induced by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine in spontaneously hypertensive rats. 142 35

There are conflicting reports on whether nitrate intake is related to gastric carcinogenesis. In this laboratory/field study from a high-risk area for gastric cancer, we analysed 178 samples of drinking water for nitrate and nitrite, and examined the relationship between gastric mucosal lesions (including gastric cancer) and quality of different types of drinking water and nitrate intake via water. The results showed that the nitrate content in the local drinking water was generally very high, with a mean of 109.6 mg/l (range 4.4-497.2 mg/l). There were significant differences in the nitrate content in drinking water from different wells in qualitatively different types of water. The histological changes were closely related to the quality of drinking water and its nitrate content. The results suggest that nitrate in drinking water probably plays an important role in gastric carcinogenesis and that in future aetiological studies of gastric cancer should include more information on well depth, the presence of public or private wells and nitrate content of water.
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PMID:The relationship between gastric mucosal changes and nitrate intake via drinking water in a high-risk population for gastric cancer in Moping county, China. 146 98

California has 12% of the U.S. population. In 1991, the newly diagnosed cancer cases in California represented 10% of all new cancer cases in the country, and the yearly toll was 10% of all cancer deaths. Relative to all new cancer cases in the U.S., California had 10, 9.8, 9.8, and 9.3% of breast, lung, prostate, and colorectal cancers, respectively. Because of its large population and cancer incidence, the epidemiology of cancer in California is of particular interest. Epidemiological factors reviewed in this article include ethnicity, lifestyle, occupation, and environmental conditions. Ethnic factors: There is an increased incidence of cervical and gallbladder cancer among Hispanic women, and of stomach cancer in Hispanic men and women. In U.S.-born Chinese men, the most prevalent cancers are those of the lung and colon, which is also seen in American white men. In U.S.-born Chinese women, there is an upward displacement of breast cancer incidence. In U.S.-born Japanese men and women, the mortality rate is closer to that of American whites. Life-style: Members of the Mormon Church and Seventh-Day Adventists have only 50% of the U.S. standardized mortality rate for cancer associated with smoking. Increased coffee consumption has been found to be associated with increased occurrence of colon and bladder cancer; alcohol use has been reported to have a positive association with colorectal cancer. The large AIDS population in San Francisco has a 144-fold odds ratio of Kaposi's sarcoma and a fivefold odds ratio of lymphoma when compared with the general U.S. population. Occupational factors: An increased incidence of mesothelioma in asbestos workers, of gastric cancer, skin cancer, and lymphoma in men working in dusty environments, and of astrocytoma in individuals with prolonged exposure to low-frequency electric and magnetic fields has been recorded. Environmental factors: The drinking-water pool in northern California is contaminated with asbestos of the serpentine type, which is associated with mesothelioma of the peritoneum and carcinoma of the lung, gallbladder, and pancreas. Petrochemical fumes in the heavily industrialized San Francisco Bay area have not been associated with an increased occurrence of cancer. No significant incidence in cancer has been noted in the counties surrounding the nuclear power plant at San Onofre during 18 years of close observation.
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PMID:Epidemiological factors of cancer in California. 146 11

Low standards of hygiene lead to frequent gastric infection by Helicobacter pylori (Hp) during early childhood and, subsequently, the development of diffuse atrophic gastric. Atrophic gastric in conjunction with environmental factors, such as high dietary salt and low consumption of fruits or vegetables, promote intestinal metaplasia of the gastric mucosa and, possibly, gastric cancer. Under improved standards of hygiene, Hp is contracted only during adulthood, and gastric atrophy becomes less marked. The remaining capacity to secrete acid suffices to induce ulcers in the gastric mucosa weakened by the Hp infection. In adults with high acid output, the strongly acidic environment of the gastric corpus is too hostile for Hp, and it colonizes mainly the antrum. Duodenal mucosa exposed to high volumes of acid changes into epithelium covered by gastric metaplasia, more suitable for colonization by Hp than the original mucosa. The ensuing duodenitis in conjunction with the increased acid load favours duodenal ulceration. Acute exogenous influences, such as smoking, stress or physical workload, shift the delicate balance of defensive and aggressive factors at the mucosal level towards ulceration. The improvement in sanitation and the development of clean water supplies deferred the infection from childhood into adulthood and later prevented its occurrence altogether. The epidemiology of Hp could explain the historic trends of peptic ulcer and gastric cancer and their similar geographic distributions.
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PMID:[Ulcer epidemiology: old knowledge in a new light]. 147 68

Today the upper gastrointestinal endoscopy is the diagnostic tool of choice to detect peptic gastroduodenal lesions. In case of substantial gastric outlet obstruction or strong suspicion of perforated ulcer, an upper gi-transit with barium or water soluble contrast medium in suspected perforated ulcers may be useful. Gastric ulcers are endoscopically controlled up to their complete healing and biopsies taken at each endoscopy in order to rule out gastric cancer. In contrast, duodenal ulcers are rarely malignant and uncomplicated duodenal ulcers, correctly treated with omeprazole over 8 weeks do not necessarily need a final endoscopic control. Since about 5% of duodenal ulcers treated with H2 blockers or mucosal protective agents do not heal within 8 weeks however, an endoscopic control of the healing is recommended. In peptic ulcer patients tests for detection of helicobacter pylori are only needed in presence of a hard indication for immediate eradication: Frequent ulcer recurrencies, complicated ulcer disease or very painful ulcer relapses, because the eradication therapy is often not well tolerated and the patient compliance therefore compromised. 30% of helicobacter infected patients have antibiotic resistant strains and there is no sufficient longterm experience with the eradication therapy available (4) to 8 weeks after treatment of the helicobacter pylori infection the effect on ulcer healing and infection should be verified. Determinations of plasma gastrin levels in peptic ulcer patients are mandatory in patients with suspected Zollinger-Ellison syndrome or patients with treatment resistant ulcers or recurrent ulcers after vagotomy or partial gastric resection.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Diagnosis of peptic ulcer disease]. 147 69

The association between nitrate levels in public and private sources of drinking water and gastric cancer mortality in Wisconsin was investigated in a case-control study. All gastric cancer deaths of Wisconsin residents from 1982 through 1985 were compared with deaths from other causes (controls), and nitrate levels in the home drinking water of these residents were determined. Nitrate measures for public sources were obtained from historic nitrate data from municipal sources that existed in 1970. Nitrate measures for private water sources were obtained by testing the wells individually at the existing residences. Controls were matched individually to gastric cancer cases with respect to sex, year of birth, year of death, Wisconsin birth, and Wisconsin residency at the time of death. Matched-pair analyses were performed on the paired data, and the following levels of nitrate-nitrogen exposure were used as indicators of exposure: 0.5, 2.5, 5.0, and 10.0 mg/l. Matched-pair analysis was also performed for which private water supply constituted exposure. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were, respectively, 0.92 (0.75, 1.12); 0.97 (0.74, 1.35); 0.86 (0.69, 1.08); 1.50 (0.12, 18.25); and 1.09 (0.82, 1.47) for exposure to private well-water sources. These results did not indicate an increased risk of gastric cancer at any level.
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PMID:Gastric cancer mortality and nitrate levels in Wisconsin drinking water. 149 83

Helicobacter pylori (HP) has been shown to possibly be a pathogen of gastric carcinoma. HP has urease activity and produces ammonia in the stomach. In this study, the role of ammonia on gastric carcinogenesis induced by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) were investigated in rats. After 24 weeks pretreatment with MNNG (83 mg/l), 0.01% ammonia or tap water as a drinking water was administered for 24 weeks. The ammonia-treated rats showed a significantly higher incidence of gastric cancer (percent of animals with tumors and number of tumors per rat). Ammonia would thus appear to have an important role in HP-related human gastric carcinogenesis.
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PMID:Ammonia: a possible promotor in Helicobacter pylori-related gastric carcinogenesis. 151 5

Incremental dynamic computed tomography (CT) was prospectively performed in 89 patients with gastric tumors (78 gastric cancers, five malignant lymphomas, and six submucosal tumors) after the intake of 400 mL of water, and findings were compared with those obtained at pathologic examination. Dynamic CT of healthy control subjects (15 patients without gastric lesions) showed the gastric wall as a two- or three-layered structure (multilayered pattern): a markedly enhanced inner layer; an intermediate layer of low attenuation; and (sometimes) an outer layer of slightly high attenuation, which corresponded histologically to the mucosal layer, submucosal layer, and muscular-serosal layer, respectively. In 68 lesions that were removed at surgery, the detectability of early and advanced gastric cancers and the accuracy of classification of gross appearance and serosal invasion as determined with CT were 53%, 92%, 80%, and 80%, respectively. All detected advanced gastric cancers were seen as enhanced areas with the destruction of the multilayered pattern. Differentiation between infiltrating gastric cancer (n = 5) and malignant lymphoma (n = 5) was successful. Five of six submucosal tumors were demonstrated as having an overlying intact mucosal layer.
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PMID:Gastric tumors: radiologic-pathologic correlation and accuracy of T staging with dynamic CT. 152 3

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of long-term misoprostol administration, at non-antisecretory doses, on N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine(MNNG)-induced gastric carcinogenesis. The incidence of gastric carcinomas and precancerous lesions was evaluated in 50 male 250-g Sprague-Dawley rats after 52 weeks of continuous oral administration of MNNG (120 mg/l; n = 20), MNNG plus misoprostol (2 mg kg-1 day-1; n = 20) or tap water (n = 10) (experiment 1), and in 30 rats treated with MNNG for 30 weeks followed by tap water (n = 15) or by misoprostol (n = 15) for 22 weeks; a third group (n = 10) received tap water only for 52 weeks (experiment 2). After sacrifice, gastric mucosal lesions were macroscopically evaluated and their histology obtained. MNNG consumption was comparable in all groups (6.5 +/- 1.1 mg rat-1 day-1). Misoprostol consumption was 180 +/- 0.25 mg kg-1 day-1 rat-1. In experiment 1 the incidence of gastric carcinomas was 60% in the MNNG group and 25% in the group treated with MNNG plus misoprostol (P less than 0.05). Cytotoxic and hyperplastic gastric mucosal lesions were also significantly reduced by misoprostol. In experiment 2 the incidence of carcinomas was 31% and 38.6% respectively. Misoprostol significantly decreased the incidence of gastric cancer formation when given from the beginning of the experiment. By contrast, when administered after 30 weeks of MNNG treatment it did not interfere with experimental gastric cancer formation. Exogenous prostaglandins are able to prevent the early MNNG-induced gastric mucosal lesions, thus interfering with gastric carcinogenesis.
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PMID:Time-related interference of misoprostol with experimental gastric cancer formation induced by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine in the rat. 161 91


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