Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0024623 (gastric cancer)
 36,219 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Differential display is a technique which relies on the polymerase chain reaction to identify messenger RNA differences between related tissue samples. We have employed an improved differential display technique, called fluorescent differential display (FDD), to identify the genes that are differentially expressed in normal and malignant mammary tissues. From FDD fingerprints, we identified changes in intensity of approximately 3% (185 bands) of a total of 5, 837 bands. Each of these 185 bands represented a differentially expressed gene, and we focused our attention on the expression of the gene for caltractin, a member of the calcium-binding EF-hand protein superfamily. Northern blot analysis revealed that the level of mRNA for caltractin was higher in breast carcinoma than in corresponding normal tissue in all cases tested (5/5). Moreover, high-level expression of the gene for caltractin was also recognized in other malignant tumors, such as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), gastric cancer and leiomyosarcoma. The results of in situ hybridization showed strong stainings for caltractin mRNA in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL), but not in malignant tumor cells. Our data suggests that the caltractin gene might be associated with the function of TIL.
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PMID:Overexpression of caltractin gene in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. 982 21

Human gastric cancer cells were used to examine the trophic effect of the muscarinic m3 receptor subtype. Expression of the m3 receptor was detected in five of eight cell lines examined, MKN-1, 7, 28, 74, and TMK-1 cells. An increase in intracellular Ca2+ in response to carbachol was observed in more than 90% of TMK-1 cells, allowing us to use these cells in the following experiments. Western blot analysis showed that carbachol predominantly phosphorylated tyrosine in a 100-kDa protein. While mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase activity in the presence of 100 microM carbachol or 10 ng/ml transforming growth factor (TGF)alpha was augmented to 15- to 60-fold of the baseline level for 5min, the activation was transient. Pretreatment of the cells with 1 microM phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate abolished carbacol-induced MAP kinase activation, whereas no suppression was observed in the presence of 500 nM Calphostin C (Kyowa Medex, Tokyo Japan), a specific protein kinase C inhibitor. No DNA synthesis or cell proliferation was observed in the presence of carbachol. These results indicate that stimulation of the m3 subtype leads to tyrosine phosphorylation and MAP kinase activation, but is unlikely to have trophic effects in gastric mucosal cells.
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PMID:Functional muscarinic m3 receptor expressed in gastric cancer cells stimulates tyrosine phosphorylation and MAP kinase. 1021 13

Arsenic trioxide (As2O3), used to treat human diseases for centuries in traditional Chinese medicine, has been identified as a very effective antileukaemic agent, but its effect on solid tumours which could be more suitable for clinical treatment with arsenic compounds is still unknown. In this study, we investigated the in vitro effect of As2O3 at concentrations of 0.01-1 microM against six human malignant cell lines, MGC-803, HIC, MCF-7, HeLa, BEL-7402 and A549 cells. As2O3 inhibited growth and induced apoptosis in these malignant cells at varying degrees, in a time dose-dependent manner. The most marked effects were seen in the gastric cancer cell line, MGC-803. In contrast, minimal growth inhibition and induction of apoptosis occurred in human embryonic pulmonary cells following treatment with As2O3 found at the same concentrations. Changes in intracellular Ca2+, following As2O3 treatment were measured by Ca2+ sensitive fluorescent probe Indo-1/AM in flow cytometric assays. The increase in intracellular Ca2+ correlated with the sensitivity of these cells to As2O3, possibly indicating that a critical intracellular Ca2+ signal transduction pathway could be involved in As2O3-mediated cell-death and its selectivity. The marked sensitivity of MGC-803 cells in vitro suggests that As2O3 may be a potential antigastric cancer agent.
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PMID:Induction of apoptosis and inhibition of human gastric cancer MGC-803 cell growth by arsenic trioxide. 1061 38

Decreased bone mineral density and an increased risk of fracture have been reported many years after gastric resections due to peptic ulcer disease. Corresponding information after total gastrectomy is, however, contradictory and incomplete. Twenty-two gastric cancer patients who were long-term survivors after total gastrectomy (mean of eight years) were investigated. They had whole body DXA scans performed both after a mean of five and eight years after the operation. Serum levels of relevant blood tests were determined. Our patients lost 3.2 kg of their body weight (P<0.006) with a corresponding loss of lean body mass (P<0.0001). We were unable to demonstrate any difference in bone density from values seen in age- and sex-matched controls. We found a slight elevation of osteocalcine levels but only a minor increase in parathyroid hormone levels. Body weight had the greatest impact on the T score. The impact of total gastrectomy on calcium homoeostasis and bone mineral density seems to be marginal. The close relationship between bone mineral density and body weight suggest the pivotal importance of maintaining weight control.
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PMID:Changes in bone metabolism and body composition after total gastrectomy: results of a longitudinal study. 1075 55

We studied cholelithiasis that occurred after gastrectomy in 52 patients (35 males and 17 females) encountered at our department between January, 1978 and December, 1998. Gastrectomy had been performed for gastric or duodenal ulcer in 35, gastric cancer in 14, gastroptosis in 2, and gastric trauma in 1 of these patients. Reconstruction after gastrectomy was performed by the Billroth II method (B-II method) in 31 patients, Billroth I method (B-I method) in 17, Roux-en-Y method (Roux-Y method) in 3, and esophagogastrostomy in 1. The period between gastrectomy and discovery of gallstones was 1-5 years in 9, 5-10 years in 10, and 10 years or longer in 33, or more than 60% of the patients. Gallstones were present in the gallbladder alone in 33, bile duct alone in 9, gallbladder and bile duct in 10; the percentage of bile duct stones was high. The type of stones was bilirubin-calcium stones in 21, black stones in 12, pure cholesterol stones in 1, combined stones in 4, mixed stones in 12, and others in 2; pigment stones accounted for 63.5%. Gallstones were symptomatic in 78.8% of the patients, and abdominal pain was the most frequent symptom. Bile was positive on bacterial culture in 68.4%, and Gram-negative bacilli were the most frequently isolated. Lymph node dissection, vagotomy, cholestasis, and biliary tract infection are considered to be related to cholelithiasis after gastrectomy.
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PMID:Study of cholelithiasis after gastrectomy. 1094 47

Most of the prevailing chronic diseases in the world have an important nutritional component by directly causing a specific disease, enhancing the risk through phenomena of promotion, exerting a beneficial effect in decreasing risk, or preventing the disease. International studies in geographic pathology have shown that a given disease may have vastly different incidence and mortality as a function of residence. Laboratory research in animal models can reproduce fairly accurately what is learned through international research and provide the basis for examining relevant hypotheses and, more importantly, proposed mechanisms of action. Validation of these approaches can be the basis for public-health recommendations and health-promotion activities. Through such techniques, it has been found that regular intake of foods with saturated fats such as meat and certain dairy products raise the risk of coronary heart disease. The total mixed-fat intake is associated with a higher incidence of the nutritionally linked cancers, specifically cancer of the postmenopausal breast, distal colon, prostate, pancreas. ovary, and endometrium. The associated genotoxic carcinogens for several of these cancers are heterocyclic amines, which also play a role in heart-disease causation, and these are produced during the broiling and frying of creatinine-containing foods such as meats. Monounsaturated oils such as olive or canola oil are low-risk fats as shown in animal models and through the observation that the incidence of specific diseases is lower in the Mediterranean region, where such oils are customarily used. High salt intake is associated with high blood pressure and with stomach cancer, especially with inadequate intake of potassium from fruits and vegetables and of calcium from certain vegetables and low-fat dairy products. Vegetables, fruits, and soy products are rich in antioxidants that are essential to lower disease risk stemming from reactive oxygen systems in the body. Green and black teas are excellent sources of antioxidants of a polyphenol nature. as is cocoa and some chocolates. Nutritional lifestyles that offer the possibility of a healthy long life can be adopted by most populations in the world.
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PMID:Eat to live, not live to eat. 1103 52

In gastric cancer, altered expression of MUC1, MUC2, MUC5AC, and MUC6 mucin genes has already been described. We show in this report by the means of in situ hybridization, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, and transfection assays that MUC5B is also abnormally expressed in gastric carcinomatous tissues and cell lines. We thus undertook to elucidate the molecular mechanisms that regulate the transcription of MUC5B in gastric cancer cells. To this end, high expressing (KATO-III) and low expressing (AGS) gastric cancer cell lines were chosen to study human mucin gene MUC5B expression and promoter activity. Sequencing of the promoter region revealed a distal TATA box located 1 kilobase upstream of the proximal TATA box. Functional activity of the promoter was addressed by using deletion mutants covering 2044 nucleotides upstream of the MUC5B transcription start site. We identified a distal promoter 10 times more active than the proximal promoter in KATO-III cells. In AGS cells, both promoters, much less active, showed the same range of activity. Binding assays allowed us to show that the transcription factor ATF-1 binds to a cis-element present in the distal promoter. Sp1, which binds to both promoters specifically transactivates the proximal promoter. Treatment of transfected cells with PMA, cholera toxin A subunit, and calcium ionophore showed that only PMA led to a substantial activation of the distal promoter. MUC5B 5'-flanking region having a high GC content, influence of methylation on the MUC5B expression was assessed. Our results indicate that repression of MUC5B expression visualized in AGS cells is due in part to the presence of numerous methylated cytosine residues throughout the 5'-flanking region. Altogether these results demonstrate that MUC5B expression in gastric cancer cells is governed by a highly active distal promoter that is up-regulated by protein kinase C and that repression is under the influence of methylation.
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PMID:Aberrant expression of human mucin gene MUC5B in gastric carcinoma and cancer cells. Identification and regulation of a distal promoter. 1127 96

The mechanisms of the lymph node metastasis remain unclear. We demonstrate the role of MT1-MMP on the lymph node metastasis using in vivo experimental model of lymph node metastasis by orthotopic implantation of MT1-MMP transfected gastric cancer cell line in the stomach of nude rats. TMK-1 cell line without expression of MT1-MMP was transfected with the pcDNA3 plasmid containing a 3.4-kb MT1-MMP cDNA fragment by calcium phosphate method, and the transfected cell line was designated as TMK-MT. Western blot and RT-PCR analyses showed the specific bands corresponding to MT1-MMP in the TMK-MT cells. By gelatin zymography, the activated form (62-kDa) of MMP-2 was identified in the medium of TMK-MT cell line, but was not detected in TMK-1 cells. Six weeks after orthotopic implantation of TMK-1 and TMK-MT xenografts of nude mouse-subcutaneus tumor into the stomach of nude rats, gastric tumors were found in all the animals. Histologically, the lymphatic invasion was found in the submucosa of the TMK-MT gastric tumors. Lymph node metastasis was not detected in nude rats bearing TMK-1 gastric tumor (0/8). In contrast, lymph node metastasis was detected in five out of 8 rats, bearing TMK-MT gastric tumor. MT1-MMP immunoreactivity was found on the cell membrane and cytoplasm of TMK-MT cells not only in the lymph node metastasis but also in the stomach tumor. These results suggest that MT1-MMP overexpression induced by transfection of its gene may promote lymph node metastasis of transformed cells.
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PMID:Membrane-type 1 matrix metalloproteinase enhances lymph node metastasis of gastric cancer. 1144 63

A case featuring very late and unusual metastasis of gastric cancer is presented. A 49-year-old woman presented with metastatic disease in the seventh cervical vertebra 9 years after a total gastrectomy for gastric carcinoma. The resected primary tumor was a Borrman type III, poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma which had invaded the subserosal layer of the stomach and had generated lymph node metastases. The patient was treated for the metastatic tumor with sequential administration of cisplatin, calcium leucovorin and 5-fluorouracil and subsequent irradiation. Remission was achieved and she survived for a further 13 months without major symptoms.
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PMID:A case of bone metastasis from gastric carcinoma after a nine-year disease-free interval. 1157 36

Isoliquiritigenin, which is possibly a principal anti-tumor constituent of licorice, a traditional Chinese herb, was examined for apoptosis-inducing activity in human gastric cancer MGC-803 cells. Typical morphological and biochemical features of apoptosis including cell shrinkage, chromatin condensation, DNA ladder formation, and appearance of apoptotic peaks (subG(1)) were observed in MGC-803 cells with isoliquiritigenin treatment. Using Fluo-3 and Rh123 as fluorescent probes, respectively, it was found that the intracellular free calcium concentration increased and the mitochondrial transmembrane potential (Deltapsi(m)) decreased in a dose-dependent manner in apoptotic cells. These results suggest that isoliquiritigenin induced apoptosis of MGC-803 cells through calcium- and Deltapsi(m)-dependent pathways, indicating that it is potentially useful as a natural anti-cancer agent.
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PMID:Apoptosis induced by isoliquiritigenin in human gastric cancer MGC-803 cells. 1173 22


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