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Query: UMLS:C0024623 (gastric cancer)
 36,219 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Inverse correlations have been found in most studies on the relationship between dietary intake and plasma concentrations of carotenoids on one side and degenerative diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular diseases on the other side. Protective effects of carotenoids have been found for pathologies of the retina and the skin. Concentrations of these molecules in blood are lower in digestive pathologies and HIV. Short- and long-term toxicity of carotenoids was found to be low. In combination with the beneficial effects found for diets rich in carotenoids, this has initiated trials with relatively high doses of carotenoid supplements. In the study in Linxian (China) in a rural population with poor nutritional status, supplementation with beta-carotene, zinc, selenium and vitamin E lowered total mortality and mortality from stomach cancer. Other studies (ATBC, Caret.) on well-fed subjects did not show beneficial effects on mortality from cancer and cardiovascular diseases. On the contrary, higher mortality and lung cancer incidence was found in supplemented subjects that were also exposed to asbestos and cigarette smoke. In these studies, doses of supplemental beta-carotene were high and varied from 20 to 50 mg/day. One still ongoing study, called Suvimax, doses subjects for eight years with a cocktail of vitamins and minerals including 6 mg per day of beta-carotene. This supplementation with physiologically seen more "normal" doses might give clarity on the question if beta-carotene is the protective factor in fruits and vegetables.
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PMID:[Carotenoids: 2. Diseases and supplementation studies]. 1037 77

Nitrosamines have been suspected in the etiology of esophageal/gastric cardia cancer in the high incidence area of Linxian of the Henan Province in northern China, but marginal deficiencies in riboflavin, vitamins A and C, and other micronutrients may also be involved. A joint U.S.-China nutritional intervention study with investigators from the Cancer Institute of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and the U.S. National Cancer Institute tested the effects of the following four combinations of nutrients on 29,584 subjects in an eight-group design: 1) retinol and zinc; 2) riboflavin and niacin; 3) vitamin C and molybdenum; and 4) vitamin E, beta-carotene and selenium. Supplementation with Group 4 nutrients significantly decreased mortality rate from stomach cancer, primarily due to the decrease in deaths resulting from adenocarcinomas of the gastric cardia; it lowered the total mortality rate and showed signs of other beneficial effects. Another study of nutrition and gastric cancer in a high incidence area of Linqu of the Shangdong province in northern China (in collaboration with the Beijing Institute for Cancer Research and the U. S. National Institutes of Health) found significantly lower serum concentrations of vitamin C and beta-carotene among individuals with intestinal metaplasia; an intervention trial with vitamins C and E and selenium (combined) is ongoing in Linqu. Other studies are also elucidating the mechanisms for the pathogenesis of adenocarcinoma at the gastroesophageal junction with the use of a rat model. Such studies are expected to shed light on the etiology and prevention of gastroesophageal cancers in humans.
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PMID:Vitamin nutrition and gastroesophageal cancer. 1072 1

We conducted an epidemiological study to investigate the relation of food intake to Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection in an area endemic for H. pylori. In this study, 365 subjects, 104 men and 261 women, were randomly selected from 7,389 adult (over age 20) inhabitants of town A, Japan. The prevalence of immunoglobulin G (IgG) class antibody to H. pylori (anti-H. pylori) was 83.7% and the prevalence of anti-H. pylori increased with age significantly (P < 0.05). Subjects with anamnesis of gastritis, gastroduodenal ulcer and gastric cancer tended to have a higher anti-H. pylori positive ratio (93.5%) than those without (81.0%). But there was no relationship between anti-H. pylori prevalence and sex, blood type, smoking or drinking habits. Daily intake of foods by food groups, nutrients and the concentrations of serum ingredients were compared between 37 anti-H. pylori-positive and 40 negative subjects selected from 365 inhabitants by matching up according to sex and age. The daily intake of cereals, potatoes and starches, and milks tended to be higher in positive than negative subjects, while the daily intake of algae and tea appeared to be a little higher in negative than in positive subjects. The daily zinc intake of antibody-positive subjects was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than in antibody negative subjects. On the other hand, the daily iron intake in negative subjects was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than in positive subjects. The serum concentrations of copper, zinc, and vitamin E tended to be higher in positive than negative subjects. But there were no significant differences in serum ingredients concentrations between antibody negative and positive subjects. Our findings suggest that iron and zinc intakes may effect on H. pylori infection.
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PMID:Epidemiological study on food intake and Helicobacter pylori infection. 1081 86

It is well known that the incidence and mortality from gastric cancer in Japan are the highest in the world. This is thought to be due, in part, to dietary habit, including a high salt intake. There are, however, no epidemiological reports to describe the relationship between ingestion of mineral and trace elements and gastric carcinogenesis. In this study, we determined the concentrations of 14 elements in drinking water from 34 water treatment plants in Aomori Prefecture, Japan, and studied how element concentrations were geographically associated with gastric cancer mortality rate. Gastric cancer mortality was calculated from the data of the Annual Aomori Health Report. Multiple regression analysis (stepwise method of decreasing the number of variables) was performed by using age-adjusted mortality of gastric cancer by gender as objective variables and each element concentration as an explanatory variable. The standardized partial regression coefficient was significant in men for zinc (-0.59, P = 0.004), lead (1.01, P = 0.013), strontium (1.23, P = 0.007), and selenium (-1.62, P = 0.004), whereas it was significant in women for lead (-0.65, P = 0.022), strontium (0.51, P = 0.035), and gold (0.70, P = 0.019). It is suggested that selenium and zinc may aid in the prevention of gastric carcinogenesis. However, the significant relationship of sodium (a component of salt) to gastric carcinogenesis was not observed, although many previous epidemiological studies in Japan have shown this relationship.
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PMID:Relationship between mineral and trace element concentrations in drinking water and gastric cancer mortality in Japan. 1196 62

During Drosophila hindgut development, bowl, caudal/CDX, brachyenteron/Brachyury/TBX, fork head/FOX, drumstick, lines, and wingless/WNT play important roles. Drosophila bowl gene is homologous to Drosophila odd-skipped (odd) gene and odd-skipped related gene (sob). Here, human OSR1, related to Drosophila odd, was isolated using bioinformatics and cDNA-PCR. OSR1 was found to encode 266 amino-acid protein with three C2H2-type zinc fingers, a tyrosine phosphorylation site (Tyr 203), and several putative PXXP SH3 binding motifs. Three zinc fingers and a tyrosine phosphorylation site were conserved among human OSR1, OSR2, Drosophila odd, sob, and bowl. OSR1 showed 63.6% total amino-acid identity with OSR2. OSR1 gene consisting of three exons was located on human chromosome 2p24. OSR1 mRNA of 2.3-kb in size was detected in adult colon, small intestine, prostate, testis, and fetal lung. OSR1 mRNA was significantly up-regulated in a pancreatic cancer cell line MIA PaCa-2, and was weakly expressed in gastric cancer cell lines OKAJIMA, MKN45, pancreatic cancer cell lines PANC-1, BxPC-3, AsPC-1, PSN-1, Hs766T, and esophageal cancer cell line TE10. Among 10 cases of primary gastric cancer, OSR1 mRNA was up-regulated in 5 cases, and was down-regulated in 2 cases. This is the first report on molecular cloning and characterization of human OSR1.
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PMID:Molecular cloning and characterization of OSR1 on human chromosome 2p24. 1211 63

We studied the relationship between nutrient intakes and adenocarcinoma of the esophagus and distal stomach among 124 esophageal adenocarcinoma cases, 124 distal stomach cancer cases, and 449 controls in a population-based case-control study in eastern Nebraska. The residual method was used to adjust nutrient intake quartiles or tertiles for energy intake. We observed significant inverse associations with risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma for dietary intakes of total vitamin A [highest vs. lowest quartile, multivariate odds ratio (OR) = 0.5, P for trend = 0.05], beta-cryptoxanthin (OR = 0.5, P = 0.05), riboflavin (OR = 0.5, P = 0.01), folate (OR = 0.5, P = 0.03), zinc (OR = 0.5, P = 0.05), dietary fiber (OR = 0.5, P = 0.05), protein (OR = 0.5, P = 0.02), and carbohydrate (OR = 0.4, P = 0.02). For distal stomach cancer, only vitamin C (OR = 0.6, P = 0.04), dietary fiber (OR = 0.4, P = 0.007), and carbohydrate (OR = 0.4, P = 0.004) were inversely associated with risk. Our analyses showed significant interaction between dietary fat intake, but not intakes of other nutrients, and respondent type for both cancer sites. Subgroup analyses among self-respondents revealed positive associations between saturated fat intake and risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma (OR = 1.0, 4.1, and 4.6 for intake tertiles, P for trend = 0.02) and risk of distal stomach cancer (OR = 1.0, 1.2, and 3.6, P = 0.03). However, no such associations were found among proxy respondents. Our data suggest that greater intake of dietary fiber, certain carotenoids, and vitamins may decrease the risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma, whereas greater intake of saturated fat may increase the risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma and distal stomach cancer.
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PMID:Nutrient intakes and adenocarcinoma of the esophagus and distal stomach. 1223 48

Gastric cancer continues to be the second cause of cancer-related mortality in the world. Surgery is the only potentially curative therapy, although the adverse effects of surgery are considerable and include digestive symptoms, loss of appetite and malnutrition. Our study included 45 patients subjected to gastrectomy who were under treatment at our unit during 2000. The data given here refer to their first visit following surgery. The most frequent complications were diarrhoea (31%), pain (29%) and early dumping (24%). Other complications found were late dumping, nausea/vomiting and dysphagia. Anorexia appeared in 49% and 29% presented a negative attitude towards food. These complications give rise to insufficient food intake, leading to malnutrition, mainly marasmic in nature. Only 7% of the patients were normonourished, with 86% presenting slight or moderate malnutrition and 7% severe malnutrition. The mean Body Mass Index (BMI) of these patients was 20 +/- 3 kg/m2. The most frequent analytical alterations were anaemia with ferropenia and b12 deficit, and a reduction in the levels of zinc and retinol transporting protein. Many patients had impaired quality of life; 43% did not leave home and only 13% were able to work. Three groups were established depending on the time that had passed since the gastrectomy was performed before the first nutritional assessment (less than 3 months, from three months to a year, and over one year), without significant differences being found in any of the parameters studied. In this article we include recommendations for the nutritional handling and treatment of patients following gastrectomy.
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PMID:[Nutritional evaluation in patients with total gastrectomy]. 1242 99

Helicobacter pylori-infected gastrointestinal mucosa is frequently infiltrated by polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) and monocytes, and these invading cells have been implicated in gastrointestinal mucosal inflammation. To clarify the efficacy of polaprezinc, a chelate compound consisting of zinc and L-carnosine, against H pylori-induced inflammation including PMN infiltration, the in vitro effects of this drug on interleukin (IL)-8 production by an established gastric cancer cell line (MKN 45 cells) and on PMN-endothelial cell adhesive interactions was investigated. Polaprezinc and zinc sulphate inhibited IL-8 production by MKN 45 cells in response to stimulation with H pylori water extract (HPE) in a dose-dependent manner from 10(-7) M to 10(-5) M. In addition, the expression of CD11b and CD18 on PMN and PMN-dependent adhesion to endothelial cells elicited by HPE was inhibited by polaprezinc and zinc sulphate in a concentration-dependent manner. L-carnosine did not have any effects on IL-8 production or PMN-endothelial cell interactions. These results suggest that polaprezinc, mainly the zinc component, may inhibit H pylori-induced PMN-mediated gastric inflammation by attenuating CD11b/CD18 expression on PMN and IL-8 production from gastric epithelial cells.
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PMID:Inhibitory effect of polaprezinc on the inflammatory response to Helicobacter pylori. 1246 72

Human SNAIL1 (SNAI1) protein encoded by SNAI1/SNA gene represses transcription of E-cadherin/CDH1 gene. Human SNAIL2 (SNAI2) protein encoded by SNAI2/SLUG gene induces the first phase of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), including desmosome dissociation, cell spreading, and initiation of cell separation. Here, we have identified human SNAIL3 (SNAI3) gene using bioinformatics. Human SNAI3 gene, consisting of at least three exons, spans around the nucleotide position 320214-328221 of human reference genomic contig NT_010404.8 in the reverse orientation. SNAI3 gene, was located between KIAA0233 gene and CBFA2T3 gene in human chromosome 16q24.3, a region affected in breast cancer, gastric cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, ovarian cancer, and therapy-related myeloid leukemia with t(16;21)(q24;q22) translocation. Human SNAI3 gene was found to encode 292-amino-acid polypeptide with the N-terminal SNAG domain and five zinc finger domains. N-terminal SNAG domain was identified in zinc finger proteins SNAI1, SNAI2, SNAI3, SCRATCH (SCRT1), GFI1, and GFI1B. ATP/GTP binding site was identified in SCRT1, GFI1 and GFI1B, but not in SNAI1, SNAI2 and SNAI3. Phylogenetic analysis of human zinc finger proteins with SNAG domain revealed that SNAI1, SNAI2 and SNAI3 were more closely related. These results clearly indicate that SNAI1, SNAI2 and SNAI3 constitute a subfamily among SNAG zinc-finger proteins. Human SNAI3 mRNA was expressed in skin melanotic melanoma, lung epidermoid carcinoma, and germ cell tumor. Because SNAG zinc-finger proteins are transcriptional repressors implicated in carcinogenesis and embryogenesis, SNAI3 gene might be a potent target of pharmacogenomics in the field of oncology and regenerative medicine.
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PMID:Identification and characterization of human SNAIL3 (SNAI3) gene in silico. 1257 45

ZNRD1, a new zinc ribbon gene, has been previously identified as an upregulated gene in a multidrug-resistant gastric cancer cell line SGC7901/VCR comparing to its parental cell SGC7901 by subtractive hybridization and RT-PCR. The antisense nucleic acid for ZNRD1 could enhance adriamycin accumulation in SGC7901/VCR cells and sensitize SGC7901/VCR cells to vincristine. The present study aims to explore the role of ZNRD1 in multidrug resistance in gastric cancer cells. Upregulation of ZNRD1 protein in SGC7901/VCR cells was confirmed by Western blot and immunocytochmical staining. ZNRD1 was genetically overexpressed in SGC7901 cells by gene transfection. It was found that overexpression of ZNRD1 could sensitize SGC7901 cells to P-glycoprotein (P-gp)-related anticancer drugs (vincristine, adriamycin, etoposide) but not to P-gp-nonrelated drugs (5-fluorouracil and cisplatin), which was accompanied with significantly decreased adriamycin accumulation and retention and increased adriamycin releasing in SGC7901 cells. Verapamil, an inhibitor for P-gp, could reverse the effects of ZNRD1 on drug sensitivity and drug accumulation in SGC7901 cells to a great extent. Western blot and Northern blot revealed that overexpression of ZNRD1 could upregulate P-gp at both protein and mRNA levels. Together, these results suggest that overexpression of ZNRD1 could promote multidrug-resistant phenotype of gastric cancer cells through upregulation of P-gp.
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PMID:Overexpression of ZNRD1 promotes multidrug-resistant phenotype of gastric cancer cells through upregulation of P-glycoprotein. 1497 23


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