Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0024623 (gastric cancer)
 36,219 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The use of technetium-99m in the noninvasive investigation of the upper gastrointestinal tract is discussed with particular reference to the evolution of a method of assessing gastric function or gastric acid secretion non-invasively and to the applications of this method in the investigation of surgical patients with disease of the upper gastrointestinal tract. The assessment of maximal acid output and the insulin response is described and the use of the test in the diagnosis of pernicious anaemia, hypo- and hyperchlorhydric states, gastric cancer, hiatus hernia and Barrett's oesophagus, coeliac disease, Meckel's diverticulum, and abdominal aortic aneursym outlined. The use of chemicals labelled with this tracer in hepatobiliary scanning is briefly described.
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PMID:Non-invasive investigation of the upper gastrointestinal tract using technetium-99m. 42 Apr 92

Fatty liver was often found concomitantly by the ultrasound during the follow up study of the gastric cancer operation. By ultrasound, development of postgastrectomy fatty liver was seen in 29 out of 176 patients (16.5%) with several gastrectomies. The number of the patients with postgastrectomy fatty liver was 12 out of 104 patients (11.5%) with distal partial gastrectomy with B-I reconstruction, while that was 17 of 72 patients (23.6%) with total gastrectomy with several reconstructions. The incidence of postoperative fatty liver change was significantly higher in the patients under 59 years old compared to the elders. Seventy-five g oral glucose test induced oxyhyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia in patients with gastrectomy, especially with total gastrectomy. Integrated plasma insulin and triglyceride responses during first one hour in postgastrectomy patients were significantly higher than preoperative values. Moreover, plasma insulin and blood sugar in response to oral glucose test were significantly higher in patients with postgastrectomy fatty liver, compared to those in patients without fatty liver. These results suggested that the postgastrectomy fatty liver was resulted from the abnormality of the glucose metabolism.
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PMID:[Study of postgastrectomy fatty liver]. 144 45

Somatostatin analogues can suppress the secretion of some gastrointestinal hormones and growth factors involved in the growth regulation of gastrointestinal cancers and can inhibit the growth of experimental pancreatic tumours. Therefore, in a phase II study 34 patients with metastatic pancreatic (n = 14), colorectal (n = 16) and gastric cancer (n = 4) were treated with three daily subcutaneous injections of 100-200 micrograms of the somatostatin analogue Sandostatin (SMS 201-995). All patients had an extensive tumour load and 13 were pretreated with chemotherapy. Before Sandostatin treatment the patients with pancreatic cancer showed a higher mean plasma concentration of GH (P less than 0.05) and a lower concentration of 'total' somatomedin-C (P less than 0.005) compared with patients with colorectal cancer; there was no significant difference between these two groups in plasma levels of directly assayable somatomedin-C, EGF/TGF-alpha, insulin and prolactin. Within 3 days after start of treatment, somatomedin-C levels initially decreased (without a change in basal plasma GH levels), but returned to pretreatment levels within 4-13 weeks. Plasma insulin levels also were suppressed but only during the first 3-5 days of treatment. Plasma EGF-TGF-alpha levels increased significantly at day 5 of treatment only in the pancreatic cancer patients. Twenty-seven per cent of the patients showed stable disease for 3-9 months, but most patients experienced subjective improvement in the absence of serious side-effects. However, the overall survival remained disappointing, emphasising the need for better treatment regimens.
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PMID:Treatment of patients with metastatic pancreatic and gastrointestinal tumours with the somatostatin analogue Sandostatin: a phase II study including endocrine effects. 197 68

Many reports of diabetic ophthalmoplegia have been published from the clinical points of view. However, there have been only three autopsied cases in which the ocular nerves were investigated histopathologically. A 72-year-old housewife was diagnosed to have glycosuria at the age of 67, but no medical treatment was done. She admitted to the hospital, because of acute onset of right eyelid drooping and diplopia for previous four days. She showed complete eyelid ptosis, moderate dilatation of right pupil, loss of light reaction, and extraocular muscle palsy except abduction on the right. Blood pressure was normal. A glucose tolerance test was diabetic and HbA1c was moderately increased. Her diabetes was fairly well-controlled with a diet therapy and injection of lente insulin. Two and a half months after admission, the course of illness became regressive. Seven months later, external ophthalmoplegia was disappeared and only slight anisocoria was seen. She readmitted to the hospital one year and eleven months later, because of anorexia and emaciation. She died of adenocarcinoma of the stomach without chemotherapy. The duration from onset of ocular symptoms to death was two years and one month. At postmortem examination, stomach cancer infiltrated extensively to the abdominal and pelvic viscera, but no metastasis to the nervous system or intraorbital tissues was found. There were mild to moderate atherosclerotic changes in the small-and middle-sized arteries of the kidneys, pancreas and adrenal glands corresponding to her age. Moderate atherosclerosis was found in all of the major arteries including Willis ring, siphon of the right internal carotid artery and Vertebro-basilar one.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Diabetic ophthalmoplegia--a clinico-pathological study of the first case in Japan]. 269 31

This study was carried out to determine the relationships between blood trace metal concentrations and the clinical status of patients with cerebrovascular disease, gastric cancer and diabetes mellitus. The concentrations of blood trace metals were determined by flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The concentrations were compared to clinical parameters such as blood biochemical parameters, CBC, etc. The contribution of blood trace elements to these three diseases and the possibilities for prophylaxis of these three diseases are discussed. The results obtained were as follow: 1. Patients with cerebrovascular disease showed generally lower concentrations than normal subjects, while the gender difference of the blood metal concentrations showed a pattern similar to that of normal subjects. In some combination, significant correlations were observed between blood metal concentrations and clinical biochemical parameters. 2. As the stage of gastric cancer advanced, blood copper concentrations increased. In all gastric cancer patients the blood copper concentration had a positive correlation with platelet counts, CEA and LDH, and a negative correlation with hemoglobin concentrations, hematocrit value and catalase. Plasma copper concentrations had a significant positive correlation with catalase. Corpuscular zinc concentrations had a significant positive correlation with platelet counts, CEA, ALP and LDH, and a significant negative correlation with hemoglobin concentration and GSH-Px. Corpuscular manganese concentrations had a significant positive correlation with CEA and LDH. 3. The blood copper concentration of patients with diabetes mellitus showed a distribution pattern similar to that of healthy subjects. Therefore, copper is not considered to be an important factor in diabetes mellitus. Diabetic patients treated by insulin injection showed increased blood zinc concentrations. Chromium, which is contained in GTF (glucose tolerance factor), showed lower blood concentrations in patients with severe complications, such as retinopathy or nephropathy. Therefore, it appears that chromium plays an important role in advancing diabetes mellitus.
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PMID:[Studies on the relationships between blood trace metal concentrations and the clinical status of patients with cerebrovascular disease, gastric cancer and diabetes mellitus]. 344 33

The basal blood levels of certain hormones were determined by radioimmunologic assay in 130 patients with stomach cancer before surgery and at different periods (10-30 days, up to 1 year, 1-5 years and over 5 years) after gastrectomy. Increased levels of growth hormone and prolactin were matched by a lowered concentration of insulin. Elevated levels of cortisol and aldosterone were observed in stage IV. Within the first 10-30 days after operation, hormonal profile (except insulin) showed a tendency to normalization. At later stages, hormone levels showed various changes.
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PMID:[Levels of growth hormone, prolactin, cortisone, aldosterone and insulin in the blood of patients with stomach cancer, before and after gastrectomy]. 633 48

Insulin and C-peptide levels were studied with a radioimmunoassay in the peripheral blood serum of 44 patients with gastric and cervical cancer and 22 healthy persons. Hyperfunction of the pancreatic insular apparatus was shown in cancer patients which was expressed in a statistically significant increase in the C-peptide level. In gastric cancer patients hyperfunction of the insular apparatus was accompanied by hypoinsulinemia, and in cervical cancer patients by hormoinsulinemia. However an analysis has shown that the ratio insulin/C-peptide in gastric and cervical cancer patients was about the same and significantly lower than the control. A conclusion has been made that in spite of difference in the initial insulin concentration, the same phenomenon--acceleration of the metabolic clearance of insulin--occurs in patients with cancer of the above sites. As a result of treatment irrespective of its modality the reverse development of changes revealed before treatment took place. The C-peptide level decreased, the ratio insulin/C-peptide increased, i.e. hyperfunction of the insular apparatus disappeared and the metabolic clearance of insulin slowed down.
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PMID:[Correlation of insulin and C-peptide secretion in oncological patients]. 635 Jul 94

Various hormones and peptides were added to rat stomach cancer cells growing in vitro in a serum-free medium and the cell number was determined by a spectro-photometric method. Five gastro-entero-pancreatic hormones or related peptides (tetragastrin, glucagon, secretin, cholecystokinin-pancreozymin and cerulein) significantly increased the number of stomach cancer cells from 15% to 310% of the number of control cells cultivated in a serum-free, hormone-free medium. On the other hand, insulin and vasoactive intestinal peptide, and other hormones (thyroxin, epinephrine, hydrocortisone, beta-estradiol, progesterone, testosterone), peptone broth and bovine serum albumin had no significant growth effect. All the active substances belong to the two major families of gastro-entero-pancreatic polypeptide hormones, suggesting the existence of hormone receptors at the surface of stomach cancer cells.
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PMID:Growth responses of rat stomach cancer cells to gastro-entero-pancreatic hormones. 711 98

Intraoperative electron beam radiotherapy (IORT) is clinically used as a potential adjunctive treatment to surgery of locally advanced pancreatic and gastric cancer. The tolerance of the pancreas to IORT was studied in 15 adult beagles, divided in 3 groups of 5 beagles in which 25, 30 or 35 Gy IORT was delivered through a 6-7 cm circular lucite cone with 6-8 MeV electrons to the pancreas and medial wall of the duodenum. The dogs were followed for endocrine and exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. Two dogs (13%) developed radiation-induced morbidity which consisted of a common bile duct stenosis and an enterocolic fistula, as was confirmed at autopsy after 8 and 18 months, respectively. After a follow-up of 1 year, none of the dogs had developed pancreatitis, diabetes or exocrine insufficiency. There was a significant reduction in serum insulin levels and glucose clearance rates without overt diabetes for 30 Gy and 35 Gy (p < 0.05). No significant changes were found for 25 Gy. This study suggests that 25 Gy IORT to the pancreas may be used clinically, and that higher IORT doses may induce endocrine pancreatic insufficiency in the long-term.
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PMID:Intraoperative irradiation of the canine pancreas: short-term effects. 812 87

A gastric cancer with liver metastases was associated with low morning levels of plasma glucose (24 mg/dl), insulin (< 2.5 microU/ml) and growth hormone (0.23 ng/ml). Primary and metastatic tumour tissue stained positively with anti-insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II) monoclonal antibody. Western immunoblot analysis revealed a high molecular weight IGF-II in the serum: 15 kDa (normal: 7.5 kDa). Postmortem reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction on mRNA from both sites revealed 471 base pairs size cDNA encoding prepro-IGF-II. These results suggest that the gastric carcinoma encoded, expressed, and secreted IGF-II, probably causing the extrapancreatic tumour hypoglycaemia.
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PMID:Expression of insulin-like growth factor II by a gastric carcinoma associated with hypoglycaemia. 820 58


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