Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0024623 (gastric cancer)
 36,219 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We investigated serum levels of anti-parietal cell antibody (APCA) in relation to various gastric diseases. Subjects were 224 Japanese patients including 58 with gastric cancer. All patients underwent gastroscopy, and APCA was investigated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Unexpectedly, there was no difference in APCA levels between patients with gastric cancer and those with gastritis. Among H. pylori-positive patients, APCA levels were closely correlated with grades of atrophy when no gastric cancer was present, but no correlation was found when gastric cancer was present. APCA-negative gastric cancer was found mainly in males and was characterized by massive infiltration of neutrophils in the background mucosa. The 24 patients with gastric cancer were APCA-negative and showed low pepsinogen levels. The odds ratio for the incidence of gastric cancer in these patients was 7.90 (95% CI 3.4-18.4). This suggests APCA-negative gastric cancer is the predominant form of gastric cancer in Japan.
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PMID:Implication of anti-parietal cell antibody levels in gastrointestinal diseases, including gastric carcinogenesis. 1201 3

A new combination of chromatographic and electrophoretic methods has been developed for better separation and characterization of human pepsinogens. Pepsinogens isolated from the gastric mucosa of patients with gastric cancer have been separated using fast-protein liquid chromatography (FPLC) on an ionex Uno-Q1 column. Proteolytic active fractions were firstly immunodetected by monoclonal antibodies against PGA and PGC using ELISA and then separated by isoelectric focusation in the acidic pH 2.5-5 gradient with an excellent resolution. The combination FPLC and ELISA followed by IEF enabled to separate ten pepsinogen isoforms. This technique is very suitable for studies of the pepsinogen polymorphism and its role in the gastric diseases.
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PMID:Study of human pepsinogen polymorphism by combining chromatographic and electrophoretic methods. 1209 92

On the basis of the levels of serum pepsinogen I (S-PGI) and gastrin-17 (S-G-17) as well as Helicobacter pylori - antibodies assayed from a blood sample it is possible to establish with high sensitivity and specificity whether the patient has gastritis, whether the gastritis is atrophic or not and in which part of the stomach the atrophic changes are located. The test enables the identification of patients whose risk of gastric cancer, of the consequences of vitamin B12 deficiency (e.g. elevated levels of homocysteine) or of peptic ulcer is considerably increased and who can then undergo gastroscopy. It also facilitates the diagnosis of non-atrophic Helicobacter gastritis enabling treatment before endoscopy.
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PMID:Diagnosis of atrophic gastritis from a serum sample. 1238 11

Now we have two methods for gastric cancer screening. One is radiological study and another is pepsinogen test. The efficacy of radiological study has been established by the curve of mortality rate of gastric cancer through these four decades. But it is problem for this study that the number of the participants has reduced and the patients who take the examination have been fixed. On the other hand, pepsinogen test is very easy and cheap to take the results. But the efficacy of this is not established, because this test started only twelve years before. According to our research, both tests have the pros and cons. So it is necessary to use both methods to do mass screening of gastric cancer. The capsule endoscopy, which was developed in these years, has held great possibility. It will be used practically near future.
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PMID:[Mass screening of gastric cancer--limits and prospects]. 1246 85

Clinical scientists from eight European countries and China gathered in the ancient Chinese capital of Xi'an on April 26-28, 2001 to discuss collaboration on a modern approach to gastric cancer prevention. Participants at the First Sino-European Workshop on Immunogenetics and Pathogenesis of Gastric Cancer presented their most up-to-date research results on topics ranging from epidemiology and immune mechanisms to Helicobacter pylori and vaccine development. Researchers then formed groups with their Chinese or European counterparts to plan future research endeavors which will benefit Chinese and European populations alike. After 3 years of organization between the Institute of Digestive Diseases of the Fourth Medical University in Xi'an, China and the Laboratory of Immunogenetics, VU University Medical Center in Amsterdam, the first workshop came into being under the joint sponsorship of the Commission of the European Union, National Natural Science Foundation of China and the Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xi'an, China. As gastric cancer is the most prevalent malignant tumor in China, the workshop was of special significance to the Chinese researchers and to the Chinese population in general. During the workshop, presentations on the epidemiology of gastric cancer showed that this disease is in fact common the world over: it is the second most common cancer next to lung cancer and about 1 million new cases were diagnosed in 2000. Three-quarters of the cases of gastric cancer occur in Asia, and approximately 80% of these cases are in China and Japan. Genetic factors and environmental factors such as diet and H. pylori infection play a role in gastric carcinogenesis. As a recognized cause of gastric cancer, H. pylori was the subject of various presentations ranging from immunological studies, molecular analysis of strains and pathogenesis to vaccine development. Specific areas of discussion included bacterial-epithelial interactions in H. pylori infection, epidemiology in China, global distribution of vacA and cagA genotypes, new evidence for host factors, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs and H. pylori as independent risk factor for gastric cancer, new diagnostic techniques for H. pylori using serum levels of pepsinogen I, and autoimmune processes in corpus atrophy. Vaccine development using a variety of strategies against H. pylori was the subject of an entire session of talks. Oral immunization with urease with Escherichia coli heat labile enterotoxin was shown to be safe and immunogenic in humans as a mucosal adjuvant. Results of a study using attenuated Salmonella typhimurium as a vehicle for DNA-mediated immunization in mice were also presented. A final presentation discussed an ongoing trial comparing strain variability in the vacA and cagA gene sequences and disease expression between H. pylori infection in Europe and China. Researchers also discussed the role of IL1 gene family and TNF gene polymorphisms in gastric pathology and various immune mechanisms involved in gastric cancer, such as down-regulation of NF kappa B, IL-1 and IL-1RA, cyclooxygenase signalling, and identification of MGAg antibodies. An interactive discussion followed each presentation and ideas and suggestions were provided. According to specialty, the presenters were then assigned to groups of four or five to make plans for joint research projects. A number of international and Chinese observers were present, including representatives from the European Commission, the World Health Organization and the Chinese National Center for Biotechnology Development, and offered input on the financial feasibility of such projects.
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PMID:The immunogenetics and pathogenesis of gastric cancer. Highlights of the First Sino-European Workshop on the Immunogenetics and Pathogenesis of Gastric Cancer. 1253 77

A distinctive gastritis precedes the development of cancer distal to the cardia. Helicobacter pylori infection and the use of pickled foods as substitutes for fresh fruits and vegetables constitute the most important environmental factors that generate this gastritis. This review describes the anatomical changes that characterise the step-by-step evolution of a process that begins in childhood and culminates in invasive cancer in middle and old age. Progression of the gastritis can be followed by measuring the host antibody response to the H. pylori infection and by serum assays that indicate loss of parietal cell mass. Cancer of the distal stomach will disappear if adequate, sanitary housing and year-round fresh vegetables are made available to all economic levels of society. Programmes that offer these reforms must be sustained over several generations, since the anatomical changes that precede gastric cancer are probably not reversible and begin early in life. In the absence of these reforms, death from gastric cancer may be prevented if patients with asymptomatic, early cancers are identified. High H. pylori antibody levels and serum pepsinogen assays may be used to identify persons with the extensive gastritis that favours the presence of such early cancers.
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PMID:Gastric carcinoma distal to the cardia: a review of the epidemiological pathology of the precusors to a preventable cancer. 1255 87

Serum pepsinogen levels were measured in 137 stomach cancer patients and compared with those of 288 normal cancer-free subjects. The serum pepsinogen levels of stomach cancer patients, especially pepsinogen I and the pepsinogen I/pepsinogen II ratio were significantly lower than those of normal controls and correlated well with the extent of chronic gastritis associated with the cancerous stomach. These results were in good accordance with the results of previous studies indicating that the cancer derived from the stomach where chronic gastritis/intestinal metaplasia is extensive. The initial step of the screening procedure can be completed rapidly. Our results indicate that serum pepsinogen screening(pepsinogen test method) is a valuable method to detect gastric cancers in the Japanese population.
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PMID:[Serum pepsinogen I/II ratio test]. 1260 23

The prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection is high among Asian populations, but the incidences of gastric cancer differ greatly among northern and southern Asian populations. Here, we studied histopathological findings in stomach tissue using an updated Sydney System and the frequencies of interleukin (IL)-1betapolymorphisms, thought to be associated with an increased risk of gastric cancer, in four Asian populations. Endoscopic-guided biopsies from three regions of the stomach and the -511 T-to-C polymorphism in the IL-1betagene were examined in 228 Japanese, 116 Chinese, 159 Thai and 83 Vietnamese patients with gastric diseases. H. pylori colonization, inflammation and activity were more severe in the Japanese and Thai populations than in the Chinese and Vietnamese populations and these scores were more antrum-predominant in the Thai and Vietnamese populations than in the Japanese and Chinese populations, with the most severe degree of atrophy and intestinal metaplasia occurring in the angulus region of the Japanese population. The IL-1betapolymorphisms did not differ among the four populations overall, but in cases with severe mucosal atrophy (pepsinogen I/II ratio <3.0), the CC polymorphism was dominant in the Japanese population and the TT+TC polymorphism was dominant in the Chinese population; no difference in C and T allele frequencies was found in the Thai and Vietnamese populations. In conclusion, the incidence of gastric cancer is extremely low, but the prevalence of H. pylori infection is high in the Thai population (Asian paradox). In the Thai population, the scores for corpus gastritis and intestinal metaplasia, which are associated with a high risk of gastric cancer, were low in comparison with the Japanese population. IL-1betapolymorphisms were correlated with mucosal atrophy in the Japanese and Chinese populations, but not in the Thai and Vietnamese populations.
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PMID:Genetic differences in interleukin-1 betapolymorphisms among four Asian populations: an analysis of the Asian paradox between H. pylori infection and gastric cancer incidence. 1272 22

We conducted a population-based, double-blind, randomized controlled trial to examine the effect of vitamin C supplementation on serum pepsinogen (PG) level, Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori ) infection, and cytotoxin-associated gene A (Cag A) status. Subjects aged 40 to 69 years living in one village in Akita prefecture, a high-risk area for gastric cancer in Japan, were recruited through annual health check-up programs. Among 635 subjects diagnosed as having chronic gastritis on the basis of serum PG levels, after excluding ineligible cases, 439 subjects were assigned to one of four groups using a 2 x 2 factorial design (0 or 15 mg/day beta-carotene and 50 or 500 mg/day vitamin C). However, based on the results from two beta-carotene trials in the United States, we discontinued beta-carotene (vitamin C supplementation was continued). Finally, 120 subjects in the low-dose group (vitamin C 50 mg), and 124 subjects in the high-dose group (vitamin C 500 mg) completed the 5-year supplementation. The difference in the change of PGI/II ratio between baseline and after 5-year follow up was statistically significant between the intervention groups among those who completed the supplementation: - 0.25 for the low-dose group and - 0.13 for the high-dose group (P = 0.046). To conclude, vitamin C supplementation may protect against progression of gastric mucosal atrophy.
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PMID:The effect of 5-year vitamin C supplementation on serum pepsinogen level and Helicobacter pylori infection. 1282 8

Gastric cancer remains the second biggest cause of cancer death worldwide. The most common type of gastric cancer, the intestinal type, is usually preceded by chronic atrophic gastritis. Gastritis serology is therefore of crucial importance for population-based screening and prevention studies. Helicobacter pylori serum antibodies can adequately diagnose inflammation of the gastric mucosa, but the serological diagnosis of atrophic gastritis is more hazardous. Many tests have been used for this purpose, either alone or in various combinations. Depending on the population, pepsinogens and gastrin often have a high specificity but low sensitivity for the diagnosis of atrophic gastritis, whereas antibodies against H. pylori or CagA have a high sensitivity but low specificity. A combination of two tests, e.g. H. pylori antibodies and pepsinogen I, may balance this issue and provide adequate screening tools, although there is a clear need for further improvement and simplification of serological testing for atrophic gastritis.
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PMID:In through the out door: serology for atrophic gastritis. 1286 99


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