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Query: UMLS:C0024623 (gastric cancer)
 36,219 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To elucidate vascular characteristics in the stroma of gastric cancer, the morphological and immunohistochemical changes of vascular components were examined in 27 gastric cancers and 7 noncancer gastric tissues including 2 peptic ulcers. In differentiated adenocarcinoma, a large number of blood vessels were observed in vicinity of the cancer glands and type IV collagen (C-IV) was localized around the blood vessels and cancer glands, and ultrastructurally, cytoplasmic organelle and weibel-Palade bodies were encountered in the endothelium. In poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma, a small number of blood vessels were distributed sporadically in the stroma and there were vascular endothelia in which von Willebrand factor (VWF) was localized, and there were much more endothelia in which VWF was not localized compared with differentiated adenocarcinoma. C-IV was localized only around the blood vessels and OKM5 was localized in the endothelia which were distributed in the center of cancer nest in poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. Ultrastructurally, there were not so many Weibel-Palade bodies in the endothelia without complete basement membrane. The morphological and functional changes of blood vessels were correlated with cancer differentiation and metastasis. These changes may provide biological feature of cancer and may be induced by cancer cells, vascular endothelia and mesenchymal cells.
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PMID:[Vascular proliferation in the stroma of gastric cancer and its significance]. 128 59

Eight complementary DNA (cDNA) clones highly expressed in fetal rat stomach but not in normal adult rat stomach were isolated after screening 2 x 10(4) independent recombinants from a subtracted cDNA library. The cDNA library was first prepared from RNAs of total stomach at 16 days gestational period, and this cDNA library was subtracted by cDNAs prepared from adult rat total stomach RNA, using a novel PCR-based cDNA subtraction method. Northern blot analysis revealed that as many as six of eight clones thus isolated were overexpressed in at least some of the human or rat gastric cancers. From analysis of partial nucleotide sequence, four cDNA clones were identified as profilin, pro-alpha 1 (1) collagen, nucleolar protein B23.2, and elongation factor 1 alpha subunit. The remaining two clones were derived from novel genes. These novel genes, L-1 and L-2, are developmentally well regulated in the stomach. The present results clearly show that genes expressed preferentially in embryo stomach are most likely to be highly expressed in gastric cancer. The method described here provides us with a rapid method for identification of genes with significantly increased expression in cancer.
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PMID:Genes preferentially expressed in embryo stomach are predominantly expressed in gastric cancer. 159 95

To investigate the mechanisms underlying contraction of the stomach wall in cases of gastric scirrhous carcinoma, we have developed an in vitro model for gastric cancer, in which both fibroblasts and gastric carcinoma cells are embedded within a collagen matrix. Gastric carcinoma cells of the scirrhous type (KATO-III) but not the nonscirrhous type (MKN-28) markedly enhanced the ability of human intestine, human lip, and mouse kidney fibroblasts to contract collagen gels. KATO-III cells released transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) into culture media in an activated form, whereas the MKN-28 cells produced a latent form. The role of TGF-beta produced by gastric cancer cells from the scirrhous type was clarified by adding TGF-beta (receptor grade) into collagen gels embedded with fibroblasts, contraction being enhanced. Other growth factors tested, including transforming growth factor-alpha and epidermal growth factor, did not enhance the contraction of collagen gels containing embedded human and rodent fibroblasts. These results suggest that the activated form of TGF-beta released from gastric scirrhous carcinoma cells stimulates fibroblasts to contract the collagenous stroma of the stomach wall, which leads to the so-called "linitis plastica" stomach condition.
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PMID:Effects of transforming growth factor-beta released from gastric carcinoma cells on the contraction of collagen-matrix gels containing fibroblasts. 164 70

A poorly differentiated medullary carcinoma of human stomach, designated HY-1, was successfully transplanted to nude mice by either the subcutaneous or intramuscular route for five generations. The transplanted tumor showed spontaneous lung metastases in nearly 100% of KSN and Balb/c female nude mice. There were over 20 visible lung metastatic nodules in KSN and Balb/c nude mice bearing tumors for over 80 days. Immunostaining of type IV collagen and electron microscopy revealed that tumor cells were often in direct contact with basement membrane (BM) of tumor blood vessels in the primary tumor tissue. At the site of contact between tumor cells and vascular BM, focal disappearance of the BM, disruption of endothelial cells and entry of tumor cell clusters into vascular lumen were observed. Immunostaining of 72 kDa gelatinase/type IV collagenase demonstrated that tumor cells expressed this enzyme in their cytoplasm. These results suggest that spontaneous metastasis of this tumor may be partly due to a marked tendency to vascular invasion involving the following sequential events: tumor cell contact with vascular BM, BM degradation possibly by 72 kDa gelatinases and endothelial disruption. This model could be a useful tool for understanding the mechanism of hematogenous metastasis of human gastric cancer.
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PMID:Establishment and characterization of a new spontaneous metastasis model of human gastric carcinoma in nude mice. 165 13

We evaluated the usefulness of in vitro human tumor culture system using a specialized collagen gel matrix derived from pigskin as a chemosensitivity test for human gastric cancer including scirrhous type. Seven xenograft tumors derived from human gastric cancers were examined with this system and compared with the data obtained by the nude mouse chemosensitivity assay. Xenograft tumors exhibited an in vivo like three-dimensional growth on the collagen gel matrix. There were very close associations between the results obtained by this assay and those obtained from the same drug by the nude mouse assay. Moreover, this system seemed to be useful for prediction of drug sensitivity for scirrhous type gastric cancers. This in vitro assay system has an advantage for chemosensitivity test, because of its convenience, rapidity, and in vivo like three-dimensional tumor growth.
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PMID:[In vitro chemosensitivity test using collagen gel matrix for human gastric carcinomas]. 184 30

Diseases presenting with dyspepsia fall into two general categories: organic and functional. Overall, most patients with dyspepsia have no underlying identifiable disease process. The diagnostic yield of organic causes is less in younger patients, and, conversely, serious organic lesions are common in elderly dyspeptic patients. The commonest organic causes of dyspepsia are peptic ulcer disease, gastroesophageal reflux, biliary tract disease, and gastric cancer. Symptoms and physical signs may help to differentiate these organic causes from functional dyspepsia but endoscopic or radiographic/ultrasound studies are usually necessary to ensure the appropriate diagnosis. Less common organic causes of dyspepsia not to be overlooked include drugs, pancreatitis, malabsorption syndromes, metabolic disorders, ischemic heart disease, and collagen vascular disorders.
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PMID:Dyspepsia: organic causes and differential characteristics from functional dyspepsia. 189 24

The usefulness of an in vitro human tumor culture system using a specialized collagen gel matrix derived from pig skin was retrospectively evaluated as a chemosensitivity test for human gastric carcinomas. Seven xenograft tumors derived from human gastric cancers were examined by this system (CGM assay) and compared with the data obtained by a nude mice assay (NM assay) and a succinic dehydrogenase inhibition test (SDI test). Xenograft tumors had three-dimensional growth on the collagen gel matrix like that in vivo. There was increasing cell kill with rising cytotoxic drug concentration. When drug sensitivity was evaluated as effective based on an inhibition rate of 40% or more in the CGM assay, drug sensitivity as measured by the CGM assay corresponded with that measured by the NM assay for all xenograft tumors but not the SDI test. This system could be applied for chemosensitivity test of scirrhous gastric carcinomas. It was suggested that the CGM assay may be more like an in vivo like chemosensitivity test and clinically useful testing for the patients with gastric cancer, including scirrhous one.
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PMID:[In vitro chemosensitivity test using collagen gel matrix for human gastric carcinomas]. 196 Nov 82

To investigate morphological features valuable in estimating the propensity of gastric cancer to metastasize to the liver, we examined the primary tumours from 49 surgically resected advanced gastric cancers (24 with liver metastasis) and 45 autopsy cases, 19 with liver metastasis. We paid special attention to extracellular matrices--connective tissue stroma and basement membrane (BM)--using immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. Type IV collagen staining showed that in differentiated carcinomas neoplastic glands were occasionally located in close proximity to the BM of thin-walled tumour blood vessels in back-to-back fashion. In poorly differentiated lesions, tumour cells were also oriented toward the vascular BM in pseudorosette-like pattern. Type III collagen staining and electron microscopy showed that in such regions tumour cells, with continuous or discontinuous BM, were immediately adjacent to vascular BM with no connective tissue stroma in between. On occasion tumour cells were in direct contact with vascular BM. These close associations were often found in carcinomas with a medullary growth pattern, irrespective of the degree of histological differentiation. However, they were virtually never seen in their benign counterpart. Of the resected cases, all 24 with liver metastasis showed this association, whereas only 10 of 25 (40%) without liver metastasis did so (P less than 0.001). In the autopsied cases, a similar positive correlation was observed between liver metastasis and this association. Furthermore, the tumor cells showing this juxtaposition showed evidence of vascular invasion. These results suggest that the close association between tumour cells and vascular BM is specific to the malignant neoplasm, and may be related to liver metastasis. Immunohistochemistry can be a great help in estimating the probability of liver metastasis.
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PMID:Close association between tumour cells and vascular basement membrane in gastric cancers with liver metastasis. An immunohistochemical and electron microscopic study with special attention to extracellular matrices. 205 87

In order to study the role of both collagenases against type I and type IV collagen (type I and type IV collagenase) with regard to tumor invasion and metastasis, the activities of both collagenases in tissue homogenate in each 40 cases of stomach and lung cancers were investigated. The direct assay method of type IV collagenase in tissue was established through modification of Liotta's method. In stomach cancer, the part of advancing front of cancer showed the highest activity of type I collagenase. The adjacent mucosa to cancer also showed high activity of type IV collagenase. The cancer tissues that had the remarkable finding of vascular invasion of cancer cells showed high activity of type IV collagenase. In lung cancer, the correlation between the size of cancer mass and activity of type I collagenase was shown. Squamous cell carcinoma in comparison to adenocarcinoma had higher activity of type I collagenase and poor activity of type IV collagenase. These results suggested that the activity of type I collagenase might participate in local invasion and the activity of type IV collagenase might be associated with vascular invasion of cancer through disruption of basement membrane and they could be one of the useful biochemical tumor marker to represent the growth and metastatic pattern.
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PMID:[New direct assay method of type IV collagenase in tissue homogenate and biochemical role of collagenase against type I, and IV collagens to the invasion of the stomach and lung cancer]. 215 47

In order to investigate the role of collagenase in cancer invasion and metastasis, two collagenase activities of interstitial collagenase and type IV collagen degrading enzyme (type IV collagenase) were determined in 40 cases of human stomach cancer tissue. Elevated cancers which are known to have a propensity to cause blood-borne metastases showed higher activities of both interstitial collagenase and type IV collagenase than flat or ulcerous type of cancer. Using the parameters of lymph node metastasis vs tumor size or vs depth of cancerous invasion into the stomach wall, classification of the cases was attempted according to the degree of malignancy. In the cases with marked lymph node metastases in spite of small tumor size and/or shallow cancerous invasion into the stomach wall, type IV collagenase activity was higher than that in the cases with lower malignancy (p less than 0.025, p less than 0.05, respectively). These results suggest that collagenase in stomach cancer tissue play an important role in the invasion and metastasis of cancer cells. Type IV collagenase activity in stomach cancer tissue could be one of the useful biological markers for the degree of malignancy.
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PMID:The collagenase activities, interstitial collagenase and type IV collagenase, in human stomach cancer: with special reference to local spreading and lymph node metastasis. 217 1


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