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Query: UMLS:C0024623 (gastric cancer)
 36,219 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The great variability in gastric cancer rates across Asia, with very high incidences in Japan and Korea, and exceedingly low incidences in ethnic Malays, whether in Malaysia or Indonesia, appears largely due to variation in Helicobacter pylori infection rates. While between 2% and 10.6% of gastric cancers in a recent Japanese survey were considered to be negative for bacterial infection on the basis of seropositivity and H. pylori-dependent mucosal atrophy, it is notoriously difficult to preclude past infection. The situation is greatly complicated by reported differences in the etiology of gastric cardia and non-cardia cancers. In the Western world there do appear to be tumours arising close to the esophageal-gastric junction which are not related to H. pylori and associated inflammation, but in most Asian populations these appear to be very rare. Therefore preventive efforts, and particularly screening, should be focused on markers of bacterial infection, with avoidance of unnecessary exposure to X-ray radiation.
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
PMID:Are there any real Helicobacter pylori infection-negative gastric cancers in Asia? 1815 88

Upper Gastrointestinal Disease (UGID), especially duodenal ulcers, gastric ulcers, and gastritis, are responsible for a significant number of out-patient visits, hospital admissions, and deaths worldwide. The connection between H. pylori and UGID, including gastric cancer, has been well established. H. pylori has also been shown to increase the risk of gastric adenocarcinoma and mucosal associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) tumors by 2-6 fold, and recent declines in rates of gastric cancer in some countries have precisely followed decreases in childhood H. pylori infection rates. We undertook this study because during six years of practice we had observed a very high rate of patients with UGID who were H. pylori positive. A total of 6933 patient visits (not including repeat visits by patients already enrolled) were screened during the study period, of which 403 patients fit the inclusion criteria and agreed to participate Each were tested for H. pylori, using Quidell's QuickVue gII H. pylori Test Kit. Patients found to be positive were treated appropriately with antibiotics. An opportunistically selected control group was used to compare with the case sample of UGID. 99% of this UGID group was positive for H. pylori, compared with 94% of control group (odds ratio 6.367; 95% confidence interval 1.7-23). There was no significant gender difference in either group. 98% of women and 100% of men in the UGID group tested positive, and 96% of men and 92% of women in the control group tested positive (odds ratio was not significantly different). The finding that 99% of patients with UGI symptoms and 94% of asymptomatic controls at our clinic are infected with H. pylori strongly suggests that H. pylori are endemic in Pohnpei. Given the potential harm of antibiotics overuse and the relatively low cost of testing at this point, we would propose testing for H. pylori whenever patients present with repeated UGI symptoms, especially those with history and/or symptoms of PUD.
Pac Health Dialog 2005 Mar
PMID:Helicobacter pylori infection rates at a family practice in Pohnpei, Federated States of Micronesia. 1818 63

Reproductive history and participation in health screening for women were surveyed among female subjects, and interesting results were obtained in the present analyses. Women who had never experienced pregnancy had significantly increased risks of death from all causes and cerebrovascular disorders compared with those who had experienced 1 or 2 pregnancies. In contrast, women who had experienced 3 or 4 pregnancies had significantly decreased risks of death from all causes, all cancers, rectal cancer, and breast cancer. Among women who had ever undergone mass screening examination for uterine cervical cancer, there were significantly lower risks of death from all causes, all cancers, stomach cancer, uterine cervical cancer, urinary tract cancer, and ischemic heart diseases compared with those who had not had such experience.
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2007
PMID:Reproductive history and health screening for women and mortality in the Japan Collaborative Cohort Study for Evaluation of Cancer (JACC). 1826 Jul 12

Cancer has become the leading cause of death in many Asian countries. There is an increasing trend in breast, prostate and colon cancers, which are considered as typical of economically developed countries. Although breast and prostate cancer rates are still lower than in western countries, they are particularly rapidly increasing. In this paper, we review recently published literature to identify important etiologic factors affecting the cancer risk in Asian populations. Infectious agents such as Helicobacter pylori, hepatitis B and C viruses, and human papillomavirus were shown to be associated with elevated risks of stomach, liver and cervical cancer, respectively. Tobacco smoking was shown to be significantly associated with higher lung cancer risk and moderately increased all cancer risk. Excessive alcohol drinking appeared to increase the risk of colorectal cancer in Japanese and breast cancer in the Korean population. Betel nut chewing was associated with higher risk of oral and esophageal cancer. In terms of diet, various studies have demonstrated that high caloric and fat intake was associated with breast cancer risk, salted food intake with stomach cancer, aflatoxin B1 with liver cancer, and low fruits and vegetables intake with breast and lung cancer. Environmental exposure to indoor and outdoor air pollution, arsenic, radon, asbestos and second hand smoke was shown to increase the lung cancer risk. Reproductive factors such as late age at first childbirth, early menarche, late menopause, oral contraceptive intake, and short duration of lifetime lactation were shown to be associated with breast and/or colorectal cancer. Cancer has clearly become an emerging health threat in Asia and cancer control programs should be actively implemented and evaluated in this region. Various strategies for cancer control have been developed in some Asian countries, including the set-up of national cancer registries, cancer screening programs, education programs for health behavior change, eradication of Helicobacter pylori and vaccination for hepatitis B and C viruses, and human papilloma virus high risk forms. However, more attention should also be paid to low- and medium-resource Asian countries where cancer incidence rates are high, but neither intensive research on cancer for planning effective cancer control programs, nor easy implementation of such programs are available, due to limited financial resources.
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
PMID:Aetiology of cancer in Asia. 1899 5

Dietary factors are regarded as exerting major influences on cancer development in various organ sites and in Asia there is particular interest in the potential preventive effects of foodstuffs such as soy products and gingseng. The so-called phytoestrogens, like genistein and daidzein in soy, can bind to estrogen receptors and therefore interfere with the action of estrogen itself, a well-established risk factor for breast, ovarian and endometrial cancers. Although not all results are consistent, there is good evidence for protective influence of soy products against all three of these cancers. In addition, there have been many reports of preventive effects in the prostate. With ginseng, whether white or red, the included polyphenol compounds and saponins may play roles in many different organs, although preventive potential is perhaps best documented for gastric cancer. The traditional diets in Eastern Asia may need more emphasis in efforts to combat the growing problem of cancer in this region of the world.
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
PMID:Protective effects of Asian dietary items on cancers - soy and ginseng. 1925 35

Since the establishment of the Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research in 1908, Japan has experienced a long history of physicians and researchers playing very active roles in both national and international efforts for cancer control. With the opening of the Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research Cancer Institute and Hospital in 1934 and the National Cancer Center in 1962, followed by Aichi Cancer Center in 1964 and then gradually Prefectural Centers across the country, the populace is well endowed with specialist research and clinical facilities. Under the Cancer Control Act, implemented in 2007, these are now being complemented by a network of specialist hospitals also involved in efforts to improve training and cancer registration as well as standardization of cancer treatment. Regional cancer registries have been active since the 1960's and national programs for cervical and stomach cancer screening were introduced in 1984. Subsequently, such early detection efforts have been added for the lung, colorectal, endometrial and breast cancers. There are a large number of academic scientific societies holding regular research meetings and focusing on all the different aspects of cancer control. In addition, there are non-government organizations like the Foundation for Promotion of Cancer Research, the Princess Takamatsu Cancer Research Foundation, the Sapporo Cancer Seminar Foundation and the Hiroshima Cancer Seminar Foundation, all sponsoring international research meetings and other efforts. Other foundations have been established, for example by patient support groups, and policy research and strategic planning are now high priorities of the Government. Japan also continues to contribute to international efforts though its membership in the WHO and the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), as well as through individual memberships in the International Union Against Cancer (UICC).
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
PMID:Cancer research and control activities in Japan: contributions to international efforts. 1953 82

This literature review was carried out to provide an up-to-date perspective on gastric cancer clinicoepidemiological characteristics, to explain geographical differences, and to define public health priorities for prevention and early detection programs in Iran. A comprehensive search was conducted using different search engines and over 147 Persian medical journals from 1966 to December 2008. Inclusion criteria were published studies on gastric cancer clinical and epidemiological data. Abstracts only were excluded. Twenty five studies and two national cancer registry reports were also included. The average gastric cancer incidence rates were reported to be 15.2 (8.1 - 49.1) and 6.7(4.9-25.4) per 100,000 in males and females, respectively, with a ratio of 2.3:1 (1.5 - 2.7). More than two thirds of them were diagnosed in stage IV. Crude mortality rates were estimated at 15.5 and 8.4 per 100,000 in males and females. The trend for gastric cancer cases was increase from 1969 to 2004; antral adenocarcinomawas shifted to cardia adenocarcinoma in this period. The gastric cancer epidemiological aspects have changed during 4 decades; a Western pattern has been started in Iran where the incidence rate of adenocarcinoma of the most proximal cardia region and adjacent gastro-oesophageal junction has increased. Developing a gastric cancer early detection program, investigating gastric cancer risk factors, preventing patient and system delays, and providing national guidelines for treatment and palliation are all recommended.
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
PMID:Gastric cancer in Iran 1966-2006. 1964 Jan 83

Endoscopy can be used for sequential observation of gastric carcinogenesis in animal models. In the present study, we applied endoscopic examination and biopsy technique on N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG)-induced stomach cancer in rats using a newly-developed flexible 2.5 mm endoscope. A total of 36 rats were divided into MNNG-treated and non-treated groups, observed on gastric endoscopy every 5 weeks, and sacrificed at week 10, 25, 35, and 50. The sequential growth process of MNNG-induced gastric tumor was clearly found by the endoscopic examination. Endoscopic appearances including incidence and size of tumor were well consistent with histological findings. In addition, biopsy specimens could be extracted from gastric mucosa in living rats using a biopsy forceps. These results indicate that the endoscopic technique can be a useful tool for investigating gastric carcinogenesis by sequential observation and collection of biopsy specimens.
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2009
PMID:Endoscopic observation of N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine-induced gastric carcinogenesis in rat using a newly-developed flexible endoscope. 2010 82

The North-Western and Central region of Asia stretches from Turkey through Armenia, Georgia and Azerbaijan, to Iran and Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tadjikistan and Afghanistan. These countries in the main share Turkic, Iranian or Caucasus ethnicity and culture and can be considered as a regional entity for cooperation in control of cancer. The present review of cancer registry and other epidemiological data was undertaken to provide an evidence base for cancer control programs and pointers to possible research collaboration. The most prevalent cancer site in males is the lung in the Western part of the region and the stomach in most of Iran and Central Asia, followed by the oesophagus in the latter two. Bladder cancer is comparatively frequent throughout. In females breast cancer is number one, generally followed by gastric, oesophageal or cervical lesions. However, there are interesting differences between countries or regions, particularly regarding the stomach. General tendencies for increase in adenocarcinomas but decrease in squamous cell carcinomas and gastric cancer point to change in environmental influence over time. Variation in risk factors depends to some extent on the level of economic development but overall the countries of the region face similar challenges in achieving effective cancer control, underlying the necessity for cooperation.
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2010
PMID:Cancer epidemiology and control in North-Western and Central Asia - past, present and future. 2055 66

Malaysia, Brunei, Singapore, Indonesia, East Timor and the Philippines constitute peninsular and island South-East Asia. For reasons of largely shared ethnicity, with Chinese elements added to the basic Austromalaysian populations, as well as geographical contiguity, they can be usefully grouped together for studies of chronic disease prevalence and underlying risk factors. The fact of problems are shared in common, particularly regarding increasing cancer rates, underlines the necessity for a coordinated approach to research and development of control measures. To provide a knowledge base, the present review of available data for cancer registration, epidemiology and control was conducted. The most prevalent cancer site in males is the lung, followed by the liver, colon or the prostate in the majority of cases, while breast and cervical cancers predominate in most female populations. However, there are interesting differences among the racial groups, particularly regarding the stomach. General tendencies for increase in adenocarcinomas but decrease in squamous cell carcinomas and gastric cancer, point to change in environmental influence over time. Variation in risk factors depends to some extent on the level of economic development but overall the countries of the region face similar challenges in achieving effective cancer control. A major task is persuading the general populace of the efficacy of early detection and clinical treatment.
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2010
PMID:Cancer epidemiology and control in peninsular and island South-East Asia - past, present and future. 2055 70


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