Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0024623 (gastric cancer)
 36,219 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Alterations in the serum concentration of transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGFbeta1) have been observed in gastric cancer patients. No study, however, has ever examined the association between the serum TGFbeta1 level and stomach cancer prospectively. We conducted a prospective, nested case-control analysis among apparently healthy men and women who were followed for up to 8 years in the JACC Study to assess whether serum level of total TGFbeta1 is associated with a subsequent risk of stomach cancer. The concentration of serum TGFbeta1 in previously collected blood samples was analyzed by ELISA for 209 individuals in whom a diagnosis of stomach cancer was documented, and for 409 controls matched with them for gender, age and study area. Baseline blood levels of TGFbeta1 were not related to the risk of stomach cancer in either men or women, a finding unchanged even after adjustment for potential confounders. The multivariate-adjusted odds ratio of stomach cancer in men and women was 1.10 (95% CI, 0.82 to 1.48) and 1.09 (95% CI, 0.80 to 1.48), respectively, for each increase of 1 SD in the TGFbeta1 value. In conclusion, serum TGFbeta1 levels were not associated with increased risks of subsequent stomach cancer.gene A52C polymorphism related to the metabolism of long-chain fatty acids and oxidized LDL in the etiology of colorectal cancer.
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
PMID:Lack of an association between serum level of transforming growth factor beta -1 and stomach cancer risk in the JACC study. 1610 28

Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection is an important factor in human gastric disorders, including chronic active gastritis, peptic ulcers, intestinal metaplasia and cancer. Since epidemiologic studies overwhelmingly agree on a protective influence of fruits and vegetables in reducing the risk of gastric neoplasia and processed foods made from Prunus mume Sieb. et Zucc. (Japanese apricot or "Ume" in Japanese) are traditionally known for their miscellaneous medical effects, in the present study we investigated the efficacy of a fruit-juice concentrate of Japanese apricot (CJA) in the glandular stomach of Hp-infected Mongolian gerbils. Hp-inoculated gerbils were given CJA in their drinking water at concentrations of 1 and 3% for 10 weeks. The microscopic scores for gastritis and mucosal hyperplasia in the CJA groups were significantly lower than in the Hp-inoculated control group, with dose-dependence. Real-time PCR was performed to quantitate Hp by demonstrating urease A gene amount using gerbils glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) gene as an internal control. Average relative urease A gene dosage in the glandular stomach in the 1 and 3% CJA and Hp-inoculated control groups was 26.6 +/- 11.6% (average +/- SE), 30.3 +/- 10.5%, 100 +/- 40.9%, respectively, the fruit-juice concentrate causing significant lowering (P<0.01 and P<0.05, respectively, with 1 and 3%). These findings suggest that suppressive effects on gastric cancer development might also be expected as a result of decreased numbers of Hp and improvement of Hp-induced chronic active gastritis on administration of CJA.
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
PMID:Suppressive effects of fruit-juice concentrate of Prunus mume Sieb. et Zucc. (Japanese apricot, Ume) on Helicobacter pylori-induced glandular stomach lesions in Mongolian gerbils. 1623 96

For almost 30 years no population-based cancer statistics have been available with which to estimate the cancer burden in Iran. In 2002 and 2003 two separate reports of population based cancer registries were published from Iran and the cancer incidence rates from these sources have permitted informed estimates of cancer incidence and mortality to be prepared. They suggest that more than 51,000 cases of cancer are diagnosed and 35,000 deaths due to cancer occur each year. The 5 most common cancers in males (by ASR) are stomach (26.1 per 10(5)), esophagus (17.6 ), colon-rectum (8.3), bladder (8.0) and leukemia (4.8), and in females are breast (17.1), esophagus (14.4), stomach (11.1), colon-rectum (6.5) and cervix uteri (4.5). The incidence rates of esophageal and stomach cancer in Iran are high, well above the world average, while the incidence of lung cancer is very low. Breast cancer, although the most common cancer of females in Iran, has rates that are low by world standards, especially those observed in Europe and USA. Similarly, the incidence of cervix cancer in Iran is very low, even lower than such low risk countries as China, Kuwait and Spain. Comparing these rates with the data of 30 years ago, the incidence of esophageal cancer has decreased dramatically, but gastric cancer has increased about two fold.
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
PMID:Cancer occurrence in Iran in 2002, an international perspective. 1623

Although the incidence of stomach cancer has been declining, it remains the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Potential protective effects of allium vegetables against cancer have been reported by a few epidemiologic studies in Chinese populations, but the sample sizes of these studies were relatively small. We examined the associations between allium vegetable consumption and stomach cancer in a large population-based case-control study in Shanghai (750 cases and 750 age- and gender-matched controls) and Qingdao (201 cases and 201 age- and gender-matched controls). Epidemiological data were collected by a standard questionnaire, and odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using conditional logistic regression in SAS. After adjusting for matching variables, education, body mass index, pack-years of smoking, alcohol drinking, salt intake, and fruit and vegetable intake, inverse relationships with dose response pattern were observed between frequency of onion intake and stomach cancer in Qingdao (P for trend=0.02) and Shanghai (P for trend=0.04) populations. In Shanghai, negative dose-response relationships were observed between monthly intake of onions (P=0.03) or garlic stalks (P=0.04) and distal, but not cardia cancer. A negative association was also noted between intake of garlic stalks (often vs. never) and risk of stomach cancer in Qingdao (OR=0.30; 95% CI: 0.12-0.77). Our results confirm protective effects of allium vegetables (especially garlic and onions) against stomach cancer.
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
PMID:Allium vegetables and stomach cancer risk in China. 1623 5

Data from the total of six Japanese Cancer Registries presently reporting to Cancer Incidence in Five Continents demonstrate marked variation in relative prevalence of cancers at particular sites, despite the genetic homogeneity of the Japanese population. Thus either major differences in registry procedures or local environment must be playing an important role and since the variation is clearly changing with time, the former must be considered likely. Over the last 25 year period, incidence rates for the esophagus have been generally increasing in Japan, except in Miyagi where they have been persistently high. Stomach cancer rates are on the decrease, although the trend is not so clear in Yamagata and Hiroshima, while colon and rectal cancers have both demonstrated consistent increment throughout the period surveyed, with a remarkable correlation between the two sites evident on cross-registry comparisons. Continued increases have also been apparent in lung, kidney, urinary bladder and prostate cancers in males and in breast, endometrium and thyroid neoplasms in females. Cervical cancer, in contrast, is decreasing, although a plateau may now have been reached in Miyagi. In the hepatopancreatic axis, patterns have generally showed elevation followed by a recent reduction, although without correlations among liver, gallbladder and pancreas rates at the cross-registry level. Common lifestyle factors may to some extent underly the increases seen in colon, breast, urinary bladder and thyroid incidence rates, given the significant relations apparent for these in the latest data across registries. Whether analysis of variation in dietary intake and exposure to other risk factors, for example using data for household expenditure, may provide clues to explaining the variation apparent across Japan is a question warranting further consideration. If so an expanded role for the cancer registry could well be envisaged.
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
PMID:What do cancer registry and household expenditure data in Japan tell us about variation in tumour burden ? 1643 87

Studies of the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) I/D polymorphism have provided evidence that the D/D genotype is associated with gastric tumor progression and numbers of lymph node metastases, but not with the overall risk of gastric cancer. The highest levels of circulating and tissue ACE activity were found in carriers of the D/D genotype. Here, we further investigated the association using 454 Japanese subjects undergoing a health checkup and 202 gastric cancer patients. The ACE polymorphism was not found to be linked with H. pylori seropositivity or gastric atrophy. However, among H. pylori seropositive subjects with atrophy, those with the I/D genotype had an increased risk of gastric cancer (OR=1.59; 95% CI, 1.02-2.48). We also established that the polymorphism did not lower the age at diagnosis of gastric cancer. Confirmation of the association between ACE polymorphisms and development of gastric cancer requires much larger studies, and the biological role also needs to be fully elucidated.
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
PMID:The ACE gene polymorphism is associated with the incidence of gastric cancer among H. pylori seropositive subjects with atrophic gastritis. 1643 92

The study examined the association of diabetes mellitus (DM) history with total and common site-specific cancers using a large cohort of 23,378 men and 33,503 women, extracted from 127,477 healthy participants of the JACC Study who were aged 40-79 years and living in 24 municipalities in Japan. At enrollment during 1988-90, each subject completed a self-administered questionnaire including items for age, sex, body mass index (BMI), smoking, drinking, past history of DM and cancer. Adjusting for age, BMI, smoking, and drinking in the Cox's proportional hazard model, incidence rate ratios (IRR) with 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) were estimated for both sexes. During the follow-up period, total cancers and site-specific cancers were identified. A history of DM was reported by 7.5% of men and 4.6% of women. DM significantly increased the risk of liver cancer for both men (IRR=2.30; 95%CI=1.47-3.59) and women (IRR=2.70; 95%CI=1.20-6.05). Significant increased and reduced risk due to DM for men were also found for non-Hodgkin lymphoma (IRR=2.77; 95%CI=1.04-7.38) and stomach cancer (IRR=0.67; 95%CI=0.46-0.99) respectively. For females, a reduced risk of stomach cancer due to DM (IRR=0.49; 95%CI=0.23-1.04) was also revealed. Since a history of DM here demonstrated significant associations with some site-specific cancers, their relationships should be studied further in Japan for validation.
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
PMID:Site-specific cancer risk due to diabetes mellitus history: evidence from the Japan Collaborative Cohort (JACC) Study. 1683 19

Chemopreventive activity of Phyllanthus amarus Schum & Thonn (Euphorbiaceae) extract was studied with regard to N-methyl N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) induced stomach cancer in Wistar rats. Administration of the extract with MNNG significantly reduced the incidence of gastric neoplasms in rats (44%) as well as their numbers. Moreover, elevated levels of enzymes in the stomach were found to be reduced by P. amarus administration. For example, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activity was decreased from 20.3 +/- 6.7 mmol/min/mg protein to almost normal levels (2.8 +/- 0.9) by 750 mg/kg body weight of the extract. Similarly glutathione S-transferase activity (1317.6 +/- 211 n mol/min/mg protein) and glutathione reductase (368 +/- 66) levels in the MNNG treated group were found to be lowered to 494.8 +/- 76 and 192 +/- 45, respectively, while reduced glutathione (GSH) was increased from 4.6+/- 0.9 to 8.5+/-1.4 n mol/min/mg protein. AgNOR dots and clusters, indicators of cellular proliferation, which were increased by MNNG treatment, became near to normal in P. amarus treated animals.
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
PMID:Inhibition of N-Methyl N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) induced gastric carcinogenesis by Phyllanthus amarus extract. 1683 26

It is widely reported that reactive oxygen species (ROS) cause apotosis and carcinogenesis. Marked infiltration of activated leukocyte and enhanced production of ROS appear to occur in the gastric mucosa infected with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). The previous studies reported that the mutation of the succinate dehydrogenase subunit C (SDHC) gene caused the increase in superoxide anion (O(2)(-)) and oxidative stress. To extend these findings, we epidemiologically investigated the association of a SDHC polymorphism at 3'-untranslated region of exon 6 (JST173800) with H. pylori infection, gastric atrophy and gastric cancer risk in Japan. The subjects consisted of 454 health checkup examinees without a history of cancer and 202 gastric cancer patients. The SDHC polymorphism was not associated with H. pylori infection seropositivity, gastric atrophy, and cancer risk in this study. Although the polymorphism at the 3'-untranslated region could be hypothesized to be functional, this study did not demonstrate any significant association of the SDHC gene polymorphism with gastric atrophy and cancer.
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
PMID:No association of an SDHC gene polymorphism with gastric cancer. 1725 Apr 22

Apoptosis and the genes regulating this process have recently become a focus of interest in the study of cancer development and progression. Both Bcl-2 and Bax are transcriptional targets for the tumor supressor protein, p53, which induces cell cycle arrest or apoptosis in response to DNA damage. The coordinate performance of these molecules is crucial for controlling life or death of a cell. Correlations between apoptosis and protein expression of genes controlling this process including Bcl-2, Bax and p53 in gastric cancer were here investigated with gastric tumor samples of forty patients . DNA ploidy pattern was analyzed using flow cytometry and Bcl-2, Bax, and p53 were immunohistochemically localized using specific monoclonal antibodies. In addition, serum Bcl-2 protein was estimated by enzyme linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA). The obtained data showed that the mean serum Bcl-2 protein concentration demonstrated a significant increase (P<0.0001) in positive cases (61.5+/-11.0 unit/ml) compared to the negative ones (47.5+/-3.5 unit/ml). Serum Bcl-2 protein positivity was detected in 13/40 of gastric cancer patients. Immunohistochemical positivity for Bcl-2, Bax, and p53 was shown in 45%, 68%, and 63% of samples, respectively. Positive Bcl-2 and p53 immunostaining was significantly linked with the histological grade (P<0.02 and P<0.009 respectively) and lymph duct invasion (P<0.02 and P<0.001 ). On the other hand, Bax was significantly differed with lymph duct invasion and the ploidy pattern (P<0.03 and P<0.002). In conclusion, the apoptosis-related genes p53, Bcl-2, and Bax are all linked to the occurrence of gastric cancer. Therefore, analysis of their expressions may add useful information concerning tumor behavior.
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
PMID:Apoptosis dysregulation in human gastric carcinomas: relationship to anti- and pro-apoptotic protein expression. 1747 70


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