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Query: UMLS:C0024623 (gastric cancer)
 36,219 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In order to determine which areas of cancer screening are currently receiving greatest emphasis in different parts of the world a Medline search of the literature for the period 2000-2002 was performed, concentrating attention on research into all aspects of efforts for early detection of tumours, with especial attention to methodology, motivation (including awareness of utility in the general populace and in minority groups), and intervention (professional training and general education). Focus on the skin, lung, cervix, breast, ovary + endometrium, oral cavity-oesophagus, gastric, colorectal, kidney + urinary tract and prostate, demonstrated large numbers of journals to be publishing papers in the field, with 10, 33, 130, 53, 24, 21, 6, 81, 12 and 58, respectively, in the period investigated, the grand total being 259. The average numbers of papers/journal ranged from 1.0-2.4 with only 15-35% appearing in journals with wide coverage. With the exception of oral, oesophageal and gastric cancer screening, an approximately 50% contribution in all areas was made by scientists in the US, followed by Europe (31% overall,) Asia (11%) then Australasia, Central and South America and Africa (3%, 2% and 1%, respectively). Clear differences were evident with the organ regarding specific topics receiving attention, most publications concerning the lung, ovary and urological tract dealing with detection methods. With the cervix and colorectum this topic accounted for half of the papers with especial attention to the relative advantages of the PAP smear, HPV testing and direct visual acetic acid (DVA) in the one, and FOBT and endoscopy in the other. Another major focus was found to be minority attitudes to breast, prostate and cervical screening in the US, whereas only few papers were found dealing with practical intervention, targeting professionals or screenees to increase participation in screening programs. The present approach suggested a number of areas requiring more attention, not least being the need for more comprehensive reviews across organs to allow the general reader a better understanding of the overall picture, and which avenues might best reward exploration in the future.
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
PMID:Cancer screening literature in the period 2000-2002: pointers to future research avenues. 1271 2

Many epidemiological studies have examined the associations of nutrients and foods with risk of stomach cancer. Few studies have addressed the dietary patterns that reflect various components of food consumption and their interactions. We identified major four dietary patterns; "vegetable and fruit", "Western breakfast", "meat", and "rice/snack" with principal component analysis using food consumption questionnaire in a prospective study of 5,765 middle-aged male workers in Tokyo. After 10 years of follow-up between September 1988 and August 1998, 84 incident cases of stomach cancer were documented. Using proportional hazards regression to estimate risk ratios, we found no clear association between each of dietary pattern and stomach cancer risk. After adjustment for age and other potential confounding factors and after exclusion of the cases diagnosed in first follow-up year, the risk ratio (RR) associated with high tertile compared to low tertile was 0.78(95%CI 0.42-1.44) for "vegetable and fruit" pattern and 0.71(95%CI 0.40-1.24) for "Western breakfast" pattern. The V-shaped associations between dietary patterns and stomach cancer risk were appeared in the "meat" (RR=1.00, 0.55, and 1.10) and the "rice/snack" (RR=1.00, 0.52, and 1.19) patterns, while the linear trend of these associations was statistically on borderline. The roll of overall dietary patterns in predicting stomach cancer risk requires further investigation.
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
PMID:Dietary patterns and stomach cancer among middle-aged male workers in Tokyo. 1271 3

To evaluate the clinical usefulness of taxanes as antitumor agents, we compared the antitumor spectrum of taxanes with those of conventional antitumor agents against 88 fresh gastric cancer specimens by MTT assay. At cut-off concentrations of 100 micrograms/ml for taxotere (Docetaxel, DOC) and 300 micrograms/ml for taxol (Paclitaxel, PAC), both agents showed a higher efficacy rate than mitomycin C (MMC), cisplatin (CDDP) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) against the gastric cancer specimens. The patterns of antitumor activity of DOC and PAC were independent from those of the conventional agents, while the patterns of antitumor activity of the taxanes significantly correlated with each other. Conventional agent antitumor activity patterns tended to correlate with the patterns of other conventional agents. In conclusion, taxanes may be useful for clinical application against gastric cancer due to their different antitumor spectrum as compared to conventional agents.
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PMID:No cross-resistance of taxotere and taxol to conventional chemotherapeutic agents against gastric cancers as detected by MTT assay. 1292 47

A family history (FH) of breast cancer (BC) is a long recognized risk factor for developing the disease. Also, there have been some reports of links between an FH and some other malignancies (mostly uterus, ovary, and prostate cancers), and an increased risk of developing BC. In this paper we present descriptive report of the occurrence pattern of malignancies in families of BC afflicted patients through 4 generations. Patients included 542 Iranian primary BC cases, presenting at an outpatient clinic for treatment and follow-up. Detailed pedigrees were drawn for each patient, and data for a total of 6220 relatives were gathered. Among the probands, 29.9% and 53.9% had a positive FH of BC and other malignancies (OM) respectively. Mean number of breast cancers was nearly double in maternal-lines versus paternal-line relatives. Also, occurrence of brain, uterus, and colorectal cancers was significantly higher in maternal-line relatives, but conversely, liver cancer showed a tendency toward paternal-line relatives (1st degree relatives excluded). The highest frequency of BC involvement was noted in 2nd degree/2nd generation, and 3rd degree/3rd generation relatives. For OMs, although gastric cancer was by far the most frequent OM across pedigrees, uterus cancer, and hematopoeitic system lesions (leukemia) predominated over gastric cancer through the 3rd and 4th generations respectively. We did not find any relation between having a positive FH of BC, and developing early-onset BC. The findings discussed in this paper were partially presented at the 18th UICC International Cancer Congress, Oslo-Norway, 30 June-5 July 2002.
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
PMID:Laddering through pedigrees: family history of malignancies in primary breast cancer patients. 1450 37

To examine an association between the mitochondrial DNA (mt5178) genotype and various cancers, we genotyped 1120 non-cancer controls and 930 cancer cases including esophageal, stomach, colorectal, lung, breast and malignant lymphoma in a sample of Japanese patients. The mt5178A/C was genotyped by the polymerase chain reaction with confronting two-pair primers (PCR-CTPP). The frequency of mt5178A/C within the non-cancer and cancer groups, and age distribution of subjects with mt5178A and C were investigated. Odd ratios (ORs) of the mt5178A and C genotypes were also examined. The frequency of mt5178A was 39.1% in non-cancer subjects while frequencies in those having cancer included 39.0% in breast, 37.4% in colorectal, 45.1% in esophageal, 38.0% in lung, 41.5% in malignant lymphoma, and 38.8% in stomach cancer. There was no significant difference in the frequency of the mt5178 genotype among the six types of cancer studied. There was also no significant difference in the frequency of the mt5178 genotype between non-cancer and cancer subjects regardless of total age with the exception that ages 40-49 years (the frequency of the mt5178A was higher in cancer subjects). There was a significant interaction term between age and the mt5178 genotype in older (age>=60) lung cancer patients. The cumulative frequency of mt5178C increased more markedly than that of mt5178A after age 40 in non-cancer subjects, and after age 50 in cancer subjects ORs of the genotype were not significant for all cancers combined or for any individual site of cancer. In the present study, the mt5178 genotype seems to have no association with any of the cancers examined here. But an interaction term between the mt5178 genotype and aging on cancer was suggested with the Japanese population under study.
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
PMID:No association of the mitochondrial genotype (Mt5178A/C) with six cancers in a Japanese population. 1472 92

Dietary factors are thought to be closely associated with the development of human cancers and hence numerous studies in this area have already been conducted in the United States and other Western countries. Comparatively few prospective studies have been published in Japan, especially for Hokkaido people. The present investigation was therefore performed to assess links between four leading cancers and some of the Japanese common dietary factors through a cohort study (1984-2002) in Hokkaido by analyzing 1,524 men and 1,634 women separately aged 40 and over. Adjusted Cox proportional hazard regression was used to calculate the relative risk (RR) for each dietary factor. For men, two dietary factors, miso soup (RR=0.2, 95% confidence interval (95%CI)=0.1-0.8) and pickled vegetables (RR=0.2, 95%CI=0.1-0.8) were associated with lower risk for stomach and colorectal cancer respectively. For women, three factors, namely salty confectionary (RR=3.5, 95%CI=1.1-10.9), black tea (RR=3.8, 95%CI=1.1-13.6), and carbonated drink/juice (RR=3.9, 95% CI=1.4-11.1) appeared related to an elevated risk of stomach cancer. However, further analysis simultaneously with all other adjusted factors indicated only carbonated drink/juice (RR=3.1, 95%CI=1.1-8.9) to present a significant risk factor for stomach cancer. One factor, namely wild edible plants (RR=3.3, 95%CI=1.1-9.8), increased the risk for colorectal cancer in women. None of the dietary components were significantly associated with lung or pancreatic cancers. This study also indicated a wide variation in the impact of dietary factors by sex and cancer site, in line with earlier work, pointing to a necessity for careful interpretation. Further epidemiological investigations by sex with more study subjects and confounding factors will be useful for determining the contribution of individual dietary factors to development of human cancers in Hokkaido, Japan.
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
PMID:Dietary habits and cancer mortality among middle aged and older Japanese living in hokkaido, Japan by cancer site and sex. 1507 7

Thymidylate synthetase (TS) and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) are major enzymes in the metabolism of folates, involved in DNA 'breaks', instability and hypomethylation. To investigate the possible relations between the TS 3'-UTR and MTHFR C677T polymorphisms and environmental factors impacting on risk of esophageal and stomach cancers, we conducted a case-control study in a high incidence region of China for these cancers. We recruited 138 esophageal and 155 stomach cancer cases, and 223 controls. The TS 3' -UTR and MTHFR C677T genotypes were detected by RFLP assay, using PCR products. The frequency of the -6 bp homozygous TS 3' -UTR genotype was 37.7 % in controls, higher than in Caucasians, although the present distribution was not in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Ever-smoking with the -6 bp/-6 bp TS genotype elevated the ORs (2.61, 1.24-5.49; 3.54, 1.60-7.82) for cases of esophageal and stomach cancers, respectively, when compared with never-smoking with the +6 bp/+6 bp and +6 bp/-6 bp genotypes. No combination between the TS and MTHFR genotypes gave increased ORs. The present results suggest that TS polymorphism may modify the risk of esophageal and stomach cancer with smoking, pointing to the necessity for further investigations with information on folate and methionine intake with a larger population.
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
PMID:Polymorphisms in thymidylate synthase and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase genes and the susceptibility to esophageal and stomach cancer with smoking. 1524 14

The time trend in incidence of stomach cancer in males and females in Mumbai, India during 1988 to 1999 was estimated using data collected by the Bombay Population-based Cancer Registry. During the 12-year period, a total of 3657 stomach cancer cases (3.9% of all cancers) were registered by the Bombay Population-based Cancer Registry of which 2467 (5.1% of all male cancers) were in males and 1184 (2.6% of all female cancers) in females. For evaluation of the trend, we applied a linear regression model based on the logarithm of the observed incidence rates. The annual percentage changes were also computed for the incidence rates for evaluating the time trend. A statistically significant decreasing trend in the overall age-adjusted incidence rates of stomach cancer was observed during the period 1988 to 1999, with an yearly decrease of 4.44% in males and 2.56% in females. This decrease was most striking in males in the age groups 40-59 and 60+, and in females only in the age group 40-59. The probability estimates indicated that one out of every 92 men and one out of every 187 women will contract a stomach cancer at some time in their whole life and 95% of the chance is after his or her 40th birthday. The decreasing trend in the age-adjusted incidence rates of stomach cancer in both the sexes indicates that there is a critical change in the etiology of this cancer. The findings may provide clues relating to various life-style and environmental changes impacting on stomach cancer incidence.
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
PMID:Decreasing trend in the incidence of stomach cancer in Mumbai, India, during 1988 to 1999. 1524 20

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), which increases the risk of gastric diseases, including digestive ulcers and gastric cancer, is highly prevalent in Asian countries. There is no doubt that eradication of the bacterium is effective as a treatment of digestive ulcer, but eradication aiming to reduce the gastric cancer risk is still controversial. Observational studies in Japan demonstrated that the eradication decreased the gastric cancer risk among 132 stomach cancer patients undergoing endoscopical resection (65 treated with omeprazol and antibiotics and 67 untreated). In Columbia, 976 participants were randomized into eight groups in a three-treatment factorial design including H. pylori eradication, resulting in significant regression in the H. pylori eradication group. A recent randomized study in China also showed a significant reduction of gastric cancer risk among those without any gastric atrophy, intestinal metaplasia, and dysplasia. Efficacy of eradication may vary in extent among countries with different incidence rates of gastric cancer. Since the lifetime cumulative risk (0 to 84 years old) of gastric cancer in Japan is reported to be 12.7% for males and 4.8% for females (Inoue and Tominaga, 2003), the corresponding values for H. pylori infected Japanese can be estimated at 21.2% in males and 8.0% in females under the assumptions that the relative risk for infected relative to uninfected is 5 and the proportion of those infected is 0.5. Both the fact that not all individuals are infected among those exposed and the knowledge that only a small percentage of individuals infected with the bacterium develop gastric cancer, indicate the importance of gene-environment interactions. Studies on such interactions should provide useful information for anti-H. pylori preventive strategies.
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
PMID:Helicobacter pylori eradication as a preventive tool against gastric cancer. 1537 2

A total of 3,182 subjects (1,239 males and 1,943 females) aged from 39y to 79y, were recruited from the inhabitants of a rural area in Japan who participated in health check-up programs from 1988 to 1995. During the 10.5 year follow-up, 287 deaths (175 males and 112 females) from all causes, 134 (81 males and 53 females) from cancer of all sites, 31 from lung cancer, 21 from colorectal cancer, 20 from stomach cancer, and 62 from other cancers, were identified among the cohort subjects. Fasting serum samples were taken at the time of the health check-ups, and serum levels of carotenoids, retinol and tocopherols were separately determined by HPLC. Statistical analyses were performed using Cox's proportional hazard model after adjusting for sex, age, and other confounding factors. High serum levels of alpha- and beta- carotenes and lycopene were found to marginally significantly or significantly reduce the risk for mortality rates of cancer of all sites and of colorectal cancers. High serum levels of beta-cryptoxanthin also showed an inversely relation with the risk of mortality from lung and stomach cancers, but this was not statistically significant. High intake of green-yellow vegetables contributing to serum levels of alpha- and beta- carotenes, as well as lycopene, may reduce the risk of cancer mortality, especially from colorectal cancer, in rural Japanese.
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
PMID:Cancer mortality and serum levels of carotenoids, retinol, and tocopherol: a population-based follow-up study of inhabitants of a rural area of Japan. 1578 24


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