Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0024623 (gastric cancer)
 36,219 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Eight patients received either recombinant Interleukin-2 (rIL-2) alone or rIL-2 plus 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) by constant infusion after undergoing potentially curative surgery for gastric cancer. rIL-2, given at a dose of 18 x 10(6) IU/m2/24 hours, was safely tolerated and only two episodes of WHO grade 3 toxicities occurred, both of which promptly responded to treatment and temporary interruptions of rIL-2 infusions. 5-FU infusions given at 12.5 mg/kg/24 hours did not alter the rebound lymphocytosis seen after completion of rIL-2 infusions. We conclude that the administration of rIL-2 and rIL-2 plus 5-FU to cancer patients recovering from major surgery is safe and well tolerated.
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PMID:Evaluation of the safety of recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL-2) and rIL-2 plus 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in the adjuvant treatment of gastric cancer patients. 162 33

Mechanism of synergism and clinical results of methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil (MTX/5-FU) combination therapy for gastric cancer were studied. The response rate against poorly differentiated gastric cancers was 35% in this treatment. This treatment also showed a remarkable effect against cases with pleural and abdominal effusion caused by cancerous disseminations. A promising result was obtained by this treatment as neoadjuvant and postoperative chemotherapy against Borrmann type 4 gastric cancer. A greater dependence on the de novo pathway of pyrimidine synthesis against poorly differentiated gastric carcinoma, which was estimated by the fact that the thymidylate synthetase/thymidine kinase ratio was significantly higher in poorly differentiated gastric cancer than in well differentiated cancer, may potentiate therapeutic results of this treatment.
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PMID:[Mechanism of synergism and clinical results of sequential methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil in the treatment of gastric cancer]. 162 50

Leucovorin (LV), given intravenously the orally becomes 5, 10-methylene tetrahydrofolate in both cancer and normal cells. FdUMP which is an active metabolite of 5-FU binds tightly to thymidylate synthase in the presence of the cofactor 5, 10-methylene tetrahydrofolate. This interaction leads to potentiate the cytotoxic effect of 5-FU by prolonged inhibition of thymidylate synthase. Clinically, the combination of LV and 5-FU is given parenterally by two schedules; 5 consecutive days schedule and weekly schedule. Five 5 consecutive days-schedule is divided into 2 methods. One is a 200 mg/m2/day of LV by Machover, and the other is 20 mg/m2/day of LV by O'Connell. The weekly schedule is a 2-hour infusion of dl-LV (500 mg/m2) and iv bolus of 5-FU (600 mg/m2), given 1 hour after the beginning of LV infusion by Petrelli. A multicenter cooperative study in Japan was conducted to evaluate the clinical efficacy of LV and 5-FU using the weekly schedule by Petrelli. Response rates were 31.5% and 41.2% against advanced gastric and colorectal cancer respectively. Then, we carried out a randomized early phase II study using 250 mg/m2 of l-LV weekly (similar to the schedule of Petrelli's, armA) and 100 mg/m2 (similar to the schedule of Machover's, arm B) or 10 mg/m2 (similar to the schedule of O'Connell's, arm C) of l-LV for 5 consecutive days against gastric cancer. The response rate was 33.3% in arm A, 24.1% in arm B and no response in arm C. Toxicity was within acceptable limits, Toxic effects included diarrhea, stomatitis, anorexia and myelohypoplasia. Our data suggests that high-dose LV and 5-FU seems to be a very promising combination but, there was no responder using low dose (10 mg/m2) of l-LV schedule against gastric cancer patients.
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PMID:[High-dose leucovorin and 5-FU]. 162 51

We performed intra-arterial infusion hyperthermochemotherapy by retaining an intra-arterial reservoir in 17 lesions of 12 patients with non-resectable, metastatic or recurrent gastric cancers. The 12 patients consisted of one with a primary gastric cancer lesion, 6 with a solitary gastric cancer lesion metastasizing to the liver, 4 with gastric cancer accompanied by hepatic metastasis, lymph node metastasis or local recurrence, and one with a gastric cancer lesion metastasizing to Douglas' pouch. A catheter was retained in the hepatic artery of all 6 patients with a solitary gastric cancer lesion metastasizing to the liver, and a catheter was retained in the aorta of the patient with a primary lesion, 3 of the 4 patients with two or more metastatic lesions, and the patient with a lesion metastasizing to Douglas' pouch. The duration of each hyperthermia session was 50 minutes, and one or two sessions were performed within a week. One course consisting of 5 or 6 sessions was repeated. Antineoplastic drugs such as MMC, 5-FU, ADR, epi-ADR, CDDP and VP-16 were injected in bolus form or administered serially through the reservoir. Nine of the 12 patients had polypharmacy. One to 3 courses or 4 to 20 sessions at maximum (average 9.8 sessions) were given. The rate of efficacy of intra-arterial infusion hyperthermochemotherapy was 44% for hepatic metastasis and 25% for lymph node metastasis. The local recurrent lesions, the lesion metastasizing to Douglas' pouch and the primary lesion did not respond to therapy.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of intra-arterial infusion of hyperthermo-chemotherapy in gastric cancer]. 165 32

The recent successes being achieved with combination chemotherapy regimens strongly indicate that gastric cancer is chemosensitive. With these regimens, objective remission rates of more than 50% were recorded, including approximately 10% complete remission (CRs). The finding that locally advanced disease (LAD) and technically unresectable disease could be rendered resectable by preoperative chemotherapy (EAP) was important. The median survival time was 18 months for all patients and 24 months for disease-free patients. At 30+ months, 21% of all patients are still living disease free. The expected survival of patients with unresectable LAD is approximately 4-6 months without any treatment and 6-9 months with standard chemotherapy. Compared with the latter results, the preoperative use of etoposide, adriamycin, and platinum (EAP) seems to improve the prognosis of patients with LAD. Moreover, such a multimodal approach may increase the number of long-term survivors among patients with resectable gastric cancer, especially those whose stage indicates a high risk of relapse (stage IIIa or IIIb). However, partly because of the severe toxicities (myelo-suppression, nausea/vomiting), a considerable number of patients cannot be treated with these new regimens. Considering the predominantly palliative treatment intentions in far-advanced (metastasized) gastric cancer, regimens with low toxicities and acceptable activity should be preferred. For these reasons, we developed and investigated the combination etoposide, leucovorin, and 5-FU (ELF) in a phase II trial in elderly patients (greater than 65 years) and in patients with cardiac risks who could not be treated with anthracyclines. The overall response rate in 51 evaluable patients was 53%, including six clinical CRs (12%). The median remission duration was 9.5 months and the median survival time was 11 months. Tolerability was excellent. The high remission rate and long medical survival time achieved with ELF, plus its good tolerability, make this combination a valuable alternative to anthracycline-containing regimens. In addition to developing new treatment plans and strategies, it is also desirable to predict treatment outcome with an acceptable degree of certainty. Combinations of variable defined patient subgroups with significantly different probabilities for achieving objective response and for survival. The results of this analysis may contribute to a more patient-oriented and risk-adapted chemotherapy and to better comparability of future studies.
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PMID:New developments in the treatment of gastric carcinoma. 168 67

A clone of human gastric cancer cells (AGS-6) and the parental line (AGS-P) from which it was isolated were used in cell survival studies to determine whether pretreatment for 24, 48 or 72h with alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO, 5mM) would increase the cell's sensitivity to 5-Fluorouracil (5FU), Adriamycin (Adria), 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-(4-methyl cyclohexyl)-1-nitrosourea (MeCCNU), or Bleomycin (Bleo). Generally, the AGS parental cells were most sensitive to the anticancer agents after exposures to DFMO. However, there was no way to predict in advance from DFMO-induced changes in ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), polyamine or cell kinetics values, how long an exposure to DFMO was required before sensitization to an anticancer agent occurred. The degree of potentiation for a single drug was variable from time to time during exposure to DFMO, and broad differences in the sensitizations were demonstrated among the four anticancer drugs. The AGS-6 clone exhibited little or no increased sensitivity as a result of pretreatment with DFMO, even though the DFMO-induced reductions in ODC and polyamine values in these cells were similar to those produced in the more sensitive parental line.
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PMID:Schedule dependent potentiation of antitumor drug effects by alpha-difluoromethylornithine in human gastric carcinoma cells in vitro. 169 47

We have made over view of new chemotherapeutic regimen for treatment of advanced gastric cancer 5-FU + MMC, FT + MMC and UFT + MMC therapy have been used widely for treatment of advanced gastric cancer as chemotherapeutic regimens in Japan. These regimens did not shown made than 25% in response rate as antitumor effect. Since development of CDDP, FP (5-FU + CDDP), FAP (5-FU + ADM + CDDP) and EAP (Etoposide + ADM + CDDP) is becoming gradually very important regimen for treatment of advanced stomach cancer patients. Recently, we have studied EAP therapy on 50 cases of advanced gastric cancer from January 1988 to September 1989. ADM 20 mg/m2, CDDP 40 mg/m2 and Etoposide 100 mg/m2 were administered on day 1 and 7, 2 and 8, and 4, 5 and 6, respectively, with not less than 2 courses every 3 to 4 weeks. The rate of effectiveness were obtained 43.8% with a confidence interval 95% of 30-58%. Median survival time was only 5.1 months for EAP therapy, which was highly effective but led to no prolonged survival period. Thus it is thought that good control of leukopenia, a dose-limiting factor remains to be examined. Biochemical modulation of 5-FU using such as MTX + LV and CDDP + LV (leucovorin) now under studying in the nation wide in Japan, so far it is getting better results.
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PMID:[New interesting chemotherapeutic regimens in advanced gastric cancer]. 170 48

Ten patients with non-resectable gastric cancer were subjected to a neo-adjuvant chemotherapy (FLEP therapy), consisting of 4 drugs (leucovorin and 5-FU i.v., CDDP and etoposide i.a.) combination therapy from August 1989 to April 1991. The response rate of this therapy with primary lesions, metastatic lymph-nodes (mainly paraaortic lymph nodes), metastatic liver tumor and peritoneal dissemination were 50, 50, 25 and 33%, respectively. Five cases underwent total gastrectomy. Pathological evaluation of these cases was Grade 1 or 2. Side effects were mainly gastrointestinal disturbances, namely stomatitis, nausea, vomiting and anorexia, along with bone marrow suppression. Performance status of these patients improved to a significant degree by the therapy. This therapy seemed to be effective in controlling paraaortic lymph-node metastasis. The advantage of i.a. delivery was investigated by Tc-MAA scintigraphy. The distribution of Tc-MAA after i.a. injection suggested that i.a. chemotherapy enhanced intraabdominal drug concentration. There is no established treatment for far advanced cases, so this therapy seems to be worth a try.
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PMID:[Evaluation of effective neo-adjuvant chemotherapy (FLEP therapy) in the treatment of advanced gastric cancer]. 187 15

Intraperitoneal cancer chemotherapy using an implantable reservoir has been recognized as an effective treatment. In this report, we evaluate treatment results in 20 cases undergoing this chemotherapy and the correlation between reservoir-use period and cumulative survival rates. Twenty patients with an average age of 59.3 years were all observed to have peritoneal dissemination during operations in the period of January 1987 through January 1991. Their primary diseases were 10 cases of gastric cancer, 8 cases of colorectal cancer, 1 case of appendiceal carcinoma, and 1 case of malignant tumor of retroperitoneum. Intraperitoneal reservoirs were implanted in surgically-made pockets in subcutaneous lower abdomen, and their catheters were inserted into Douglas cul de sac. Medications used were CDDP, MMC, and 5-FU. The average number of administration was about 6 or 7, but, the maximum number was 67 in one case. Contrast media or RI infused via reservoirs was recognized to diffuse widely within the peritoneal cavity. Eighteen of 20 cases (90%) obtained good conditions to undergo ambulant treatments. The longest survival records were 827 days in a gastric cancer group, 639 days in a colorectal cancer group, and 326 days in a malignant tumor of retroperitoneum group. Two cases having the former two survival records are still alive at this writing. One case with appendiceal carcinoma is PS 0 and now under out-patient treatment at 2 years and 6 months after operation. The 50% survival period, and 6-month, 1-year, and 2-year cumulative survival rates were 8.8 months, 60%, 40.5%, and 37%, respectively in the gastric cancer group; and 13.5 months, 75%, 63%, and 31.5%, respectively, in the colorectal cancer group. On the contrary, 50% using period, and 6-month, 1-year, and 2-year cumulative using rates were 5.3 months, 40%, 10%, and 10%, respectively, in the gastric cancer group; and 7.9 months, 58%, 0%, and 0%, respectively, in the colorectal cancer group. Evaluation of the correlation between the reservoir use periods and cumulative survival rates has led to the conclusion that cumulative survival rates are extended significantly p = 0.0011 in each cancer group with more than 6 months treatment period compared to within each cancer group with less than 6 months treatment. 1) Intraperitoneal cancer chemotherapy using an implantable reservoir enables patients to receive treatment at outpatient clinics. 2) The continuous treatment for more than 6 months suggests the possibility for longer survival.
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PMID:[Intraperitoneal cancer chemotherapy using an implantable reservoir in patients with peritonitis carcinomatosa]. 187 21

A preferable route for administration of anti-cancer drugs together with angiotensin-II (AT-II) was examined by measuring the tissue concentration of drugs in resected specimens. Twenty five patients with gastric cancer were randomly divided into five groups, and 5-FU (250 mg) was given with or without AT-II intraoperatively. Group A; i.v. 5-FU alone (n = 5), Group B; i.v. 5-FU with AT-II (n = 5), Group C; i.a. 5-FU alone (n = 5), Group D; i.a. 5-FU with i.v. AT-II (n = 5) and Group E; i.a. 5-FU with AT-II (n = 5). 5-FU level in regional lymph nodes was statistically higher in Group D compared to other groups, while in tumor tissues it was markedly higher in Group E. The ratio of 5-FU level in tumor tissues to normal tissues (T/N) was higher in Groups D and E. In patients with advanced malignancies, response rates were 17% in i.v. anti-cancer drugs with AT-II group, 41% in i.a. anti-cancer drugs with i.v. AT-II group and 24% in i.a. anti-cancer drugs with AT-II group. Median survival time for each group were 6.3 months, 9.6 months and 14.2 months, respectively. It is concluded that intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy together with AT-II can be an effective treatment for advanced malignancies.
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PMID:[5-FU concentration in the tissue of gastric cancer, and evaluation of cancer chemotherapy with angiotensin-II]. 188 90


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