Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0024623 (gastric cancer)
 36,219 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Utilizing the lipid-adsorbing ability of lymphatic capillaries, anticancer agents were given in the form of fat emulsion in order to deliver them to regional lymph nodes. The emulsion, in which the drug solution is contained as the innermost phase, yielded high drug concentration in the lymphatic system. Intratumoral injection of emulsified anticancer agent resulted in significantly prolonged retension of the drug within the tumor tissue. Therapeutic experiments of the emulsion also disclosed remarkable tumor reduction and cure rate as compared with aqueous solution of drugs. Oral administration of emulsified 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) was also attempted for stomach cancer. With 5-FU, the maximum concentration of drug in thoracic lymph and stomach was greater when administered as an emulsion than as an aqueous solution, and a high concentration persisted longer. As a clinical trial of the emulsion method, eight patients with inoperable malignant growth were injected locally with emulsified anticancer agents and 121 patients were given 5-FU emulsion orally. From the clinical and histological findings, it was thought that the emulsion enhanced the chemotherapeutic effect of the anticancer agent on lymph node metastasis.
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PMID:Enhancement of the cancer chemotherapeutic effect by anticancer agents in the form of fat emulsion. 7 67

There exist no common recommendations for palliative therapy of gastrointestinal cancer. Fluorouracil has been used for a long time, remission rates reported range from 0% to 80%. In larger series they figure about 20% but without prolongation of survival in responders. Although this drug is used for 20 years optimal dose and timing is still unknown. By combination of fluorouracil with other drugs remission rates were improved and in responders survival was prolonged (mitomycin C and/or adriamycin in gastric cancer, methyl-CCNU in colorectal cancer). The results of adjuvant chemotherapy of gastrointestinal cancer are contradictory, the routine usage is not recommendable. Adjuvant as well as palliative chemotherapy must be improved by controlled clinical trials.
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PMID:[Chemotherapy of gastrointestinal tumors (review of the literature)]. 8 61

Basis and current possibilities of adjuvant therapy in gastric cancer are discussed. The response rate with 5-FU und nitrosoureas for advanced gastric cancer is significantly superior to all other regimens. Based on Japanese experiences a higher survival rate is observed in the curatively resected patients treated with postoperative prophylactic chemotherapy. The drawing of reliable conclusions must await the results of further studies. Efforts for individual chemotherapy by measurement of cell production of recurrences and the necessity of aftercare in gastric cancer patients are explained.
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PMID:[New aspects in the concept of adjuvant and after-care therapy for gastric carcinoma?]. 22 37

A combination of MFC (Mitomycin-C, 5-FU and Cytosine arabinoside) was administered to 32 gastric cancer patients and study was made of the therapeutic efficacy in relation to the histological pattern. In evaluation based on the degree of cancer cell infiltration (INF), chemotherapy was more effective in cases with INF alpha and beta than those with INF gamma. As for the grade of follicular hyperplasia in regional lymph nodes of gastric cancer, the higher was the grade, the more effective was the chemotherapy. However, a significant relationship could not be observed between histological pattern of stromal reaction of the gastric cancer and clinical effects of chemotherapy. The grade of lymphocyte infiltration or connective tissue reaction in the stroma was not related with the therapeutic effects. No relationship was also obtained between the grade of sinus histiocytosis of lymphoid reaction in the lymph nodes and therapeutic effects.
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PMID:Evaluation of chemotherapeutic effects on gastric cancer in relation to the histological pattern. 65 Oct 20

The therapeutics on gastrointestinal cancer including only randomized clinical trials carried out in Western Europe and in the EORTC are reported. The studies on preoperative radiotherapy in resectable esophagus cancer and on chemotherapy associated to radiotherapy in nonresectable esophagus cancer has just been activated. The data of a trial on the treatment of gastric cancer have demonstrated the efficacy of long term 5-FU administered after postoperative irradiations. A trial on the immunostimulating effect of levamisole as adjuvant treatment of colon cancer is described, as well as the results of chemotherapy in advanced colon cancer. Finally, scribed, as well as the results of chemotherapy in advanced colon cancer. Finally, the preliminary results of two European trials studying the effect of preoperative radiotherapy and of a chemotherapy, used as a preoperative irradiation sensitizer in rectal cancer, are commented on.
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PMID:Clinical trials on gastrointestinal cancer in Western Europe and in the FORTC. 65 75

In order to evaluate the effect of anticancer drugs on the metastatic lesions of the regional lymph nodes from stomach cancers removed after oral administration of 5-FU emulsion, histological examinations of the specimens obtained from 107 surgical cases were carried out. In additional 13 cases with gastric cancer, the active 5-FU concentrations in the regional lymph nodes were determined. The effect of 5-FU emulsion in metastatic lesions as determined was histologically classified into Grades 0 to III according to the severity and extent of damaged cells and cell nests Grades II and III were judged to demonstrate the beneficial effect of the 5-FU emulsion. Such changes were identified in 62.0 per cent of the 242 metastatic lymph nodes, and the effectiveness increased as the total dose of the 5-FU emulsion administered increased (50.9 per cent for 5,000 mg or less, 70.9 per cent for 5,000 to 6,000 mg, and 72.7 per cent for 6,000 mg or more). The rate of effectiveness also varied with the histological type of the primary carcinoma, i.e. the differentiated type being more sensitive. The mean active 5-FU level in the regional lymph nodes was higher after the administration of 5-FU emulsion than of 5-FU solution supporting the earlier animal experiments.
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PMID:Histological evaluation of the effect of 5-FU emulsion on lymph node metastasis of stomach cancer. 68 90

Adriamycin has not been as extensively evaluated in Japan as in some other countries. This is due both to the widespread use of mitomycin C and importantly to the alopecia caused by adriamycin being particularly disturbing to Japanese patients. Japanese studies have shown the drug to be highly active in tumors such as stomach cancer (31/92), lung cancer (27/84), and malignant lymphomas (15/46). Combination studies have been mainly with 5-FU although others have also been investigated. Other approaches which have been studied include intraarterial infusion, local application in bladder cancer, intrapleural application and in the treatment of childhood malignancies.
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PMID:Clinical aspects of adriamycin in Japan. 70 10

The aim of this study was to seek a better treatment for patients with inoperable or recurrent stomach cancer. Seventy patients were randomly allocated to receive courses of treatment with either A (5-Fluorouracil plus radiotherapy) or B (5-Fluorouracil plus Imidazole Carboxamide Dimethyl Triazeno plus Vincristine plus Bis-Chloroethyl Nitrosourea plus radiotherapy). Only 59 of these patients were evaluable. The median survival time of patients allocated to Group A was 220 days and Group B was 199 days. Seventeen of 31 patients in Group A and 10 of 28 patients in Group B had objectively documented remission. The median survival time of responders was 222 days for Group A and 410 for Group B. While it would appear that those patients who respond to the more intensive treatment do better, a larger percentage of patients responded to the simpler treatment regimen of 5-Fluorouracil plus radiotherapy.
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PMID:A controlled clinical trial of fluorouracil plus imidazole carboxamide dimethyl triazeno plus vincristine plus bis-chloroethyl nitrosourea plus radiotherapy in stomach cancer. 78 97

Sixty patients with inoperable or recurrent gastric cancers were randomly assigned into 2 treatment regimens: the FP regimen, consisting of cisplatin (CDDP, 50 mg/body, d1) + 5-fluorouracil (5-FU, 250 mg/body, d2-d5), or the FPEPIR regimen, CDDP+5-FU (FP) + 4'-epirubicin (EPIR, 30 mg/m2, d2), administered intravenously every 2 weeks. The objective responses were evaluated in 43 patients (FP: 21; FPEPIR: 22). The response rates were 24% (5PR/21) for FP and 27% (6PR/22) for FPEPIR. Objective responses were seen in 1 primary lesion and 4 metastatic lesions in patients on the FP regimen, and in 3 primary lesions and 4 metastatic lesions in patients on the FPEPIR regimen. The 6 month and 1 year survival rates were 34% and 13% for FP, and 55% and 27% for FPEPIR, respectively (not significant). Significantly higher survival rates were demonstrated in those patients with recurrent cancers (p < 0.01) and those who responded to the FPEPIR regimen (p < 0.05). Drug toxicities were assessed in 56 patients, and were in general mild and well tolerated. However, the FP regimen induced significantly less neutropenia (p < 0.01) and less complete alopecia (p < 0.01) than the did FPEPIR regimen. These results suggest that FPEPIR may be a more beneficial regimen for the treatment of gastric cancer than FP, and may be indicated for further clinical trials.
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PMID:A randomized, comparative study of combination chemotherapies in advanced gastric cancer: 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin (FP) versus 5-fluorouracil, cisplatin, and 4'-epirubicin (FPEPIR). Kyoto Research Group for Chemotherapy of Gastric Cancer (KRGCGC). 129 44

Intraperitoneal and pleural immunotherapy has been used as an effective therapy for malignancy. Recently we treated two patients with peritonitis and pleuritis due to cancer by intraperitoneal and pleural administration of IFN-gamma, OK-432 and antitumor agents. One patient with gastric cancer (stage IIIb) was treated with intraperitoneal administration of IFN-gamma and OK-432 in combination with intraarterial infusion of MMC, ADM, 5-FU and CDDP. Two months later, ascites and pleural fluid diminished. Another patient with ovarian carcinoma (stage IV), was administered IFN-gamma, OK-432 and CDDP into ascites with general medication of CDDP and Epi-ADM. Two months later, her ascites and tumor size decreased. This patient was treated with palaplatin every two months for the ten months and hysterosalpingecctomy and tumorectomy of Douglas pouch were performed at the sixteenth month. The histopathological examination of resection from this patient showed complete necrotic tissue of tumor. Endogenous cytokine therapy with intraperitoneal and pleural administration of IFN-gamma for priming and OK-432 for eliciting in combination with antitumor agents may be effective treatment for malignant peritonitis and pleuritis.
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PMID:[Immunochemotherapy of carcinomatous peritonitis and pleuritis--report of 2 cases]. 132 10


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