Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0024623 (gastric cancer)
 36,219 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The nonoxidative pentose phosphate pathway allows glucose conversion to ribose for DNA or RNA synthesis and glucose degradation to lactate controlled by transketolase enzyme reactions. It has been postulated, that this pathway is of the utmost importance in tumors for the proliferation process. We detected a strong upregulation of the mutated transketolase transcript (TKTL1) in a considerable number of patients with gastric cancer (GC) or cancer of the gastroesophageal junction (GEJ). While only 10.8% of the cancer tissues revealed a significant mRNA upregulation, 36.9% of the cancer tissues demonstrated a protein overexpression. We propose that TKTL1 upregulation is a common phenomenon in GC and cancer of the GEJ leading to an enhanced, oxygen-independent glucose usage which might contribute to a more aggressive tumor growth. Since molecular targeted inhibition of transketolase enzyme reactions suppresses tumor growth and metastasis, TKTL1 could be a relevant target for anti-transketolase therapies in gastric cancer.
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PMID:Expression of the mutated transketolase TKTL1, a molecular marker in gastric cancer. 1696 76

Glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) has been implicated in the protection of tumor cells from cytotoxic damage and apoptosis and thus assists cells in survival under oxygen-deprivation and nutrient-stress conditions. However, its expression and potential role in gastric cancer development and progression have not been reported. In the present study, we determined the level of GRP78 expression in the primary tumor in 86 cases of resected gastric cancer by using immunohistochemistry and analyzed the relationships between GRP78 and clinicopathological characteristics. We found that GRP78 was overexpressed in the tumor specimens when compared with the expression in adjacent tumor-free gastric mucosa. Furthermore, the level of GRP78 expression in both primary tumors and metastatic lymph nodes was inversely correlated with patient survival. Overexpression of GRP78 was directly correlated with Sp1 expression and increased lymph node metastasis. Knocking down GRP78 expression inhibited tumor cell invasion in vitro and growth and metastasis in a xenograft nude mouse model. Therefore, our data imply that dysregulated expression of GRP78 may contribute to the development and progression of gastric cancer.
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PMID:Association of elevated GRP78 expression with increased lymph node metastasis and poor prognosis in patients with gastric cancer. 1718 27

Activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) has been shown to inhibit the proliferation of gastric cancer cells. A common polymorphism at codon 12 of this gene (Pro12Ala) has been shown to confer protection against diabetes and colorectal cancer. We investigated the influence of PPARgamma gene Plo12Ala polymorphism on the risk of gastric cancer and on the severity of Helicobacter pylori-induced gastritis as well as impaired fasting glucose (IFG) in Japanese. About 215 patients with gastric cancer (GC) and 201 patients without GC enrolled in this study. Plo12Ala polymorphism of PPARgamma was investigated by PCR-RFLP in all of the subjects. The gastritis score of noncancerous antral mucosa was calculated by the updated Sydney system. The diagnosis of IFG was based on repeated evidence of serum fasting glucose (SFG) concentration of greater than or equal to 110 mg/dl. The Plo12Ala genotype of PPARgamma showed a significantly higher frequency in GC patients than in controls (OR = 2.43; 95%CI = 1.04-5.67). In contrast, the Plo12Ala genotype held a lower risk of IFG (OR = 0.33; 95%CI = 0.13-0.83). The same genotype was associated with an increased risk of non-cardiac gastric cancer (OR = 2.39; 95%CI = 1.02-5.65), lower third gastric cancer (OR = 3.56; 95%CI = 1.31-9.71), advanced cancer (OR = 2.93; 95%CI = 1.13-7.58), and Lauren's intestinal cancer (OR = 2.94; 95%CI = 1.13-7.66). Among 151 gastric cancer subjects, the atrophy and metaplasia scores of the antral mucosa adjacent to cancer showed a tendency to be higher in those with the 12Ala allele. Our study suggests that the PPARgamma Pro12Ala polymorphism may be a shared risk marker of both IFG and gastric cancer in Japanese.
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PMID:Influence of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)gamma Plo12Ala polymorphism as a shared risk marker for both gastric cancer and impaired fasting glucose (IFG) in Japanese. 1776 50

Gastrointestinal ailments evoke changes in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and modulation of hepatic protein synthesis. We examined the catabolic effect of certain primary gastrointestinal diseases and surgery on the concentration of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I). Blood samples from patients with gastric cancer (GC), cholecystitis (CC), or inguinal hernia (IH) were taken before and after surgery. The concentrations of IGF-I, IGF binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1), insulin, cortisol, and glucose were determined. In GC patients the concentration of IGF-I was reduced and the concentrations of IGFBP-1 and cortisol were elevated preoperatively; after surgery, IGFBP-1 normalized. In CC patients the concentration of IGF-I was low and the concentration of IGFBP-1 was high before cholecystectomy; after surgery IGFBP-1 returned to normal and the concentration of cortisol increased. In IH patients the concentration of IGF-I was low and the concentrations of IGFBP-1 and cortisol were high before surgery; after laparotomy IGFBP-1 returned to normal. The metabolic changes were present in all analyzed patient groups, regardless of the severity of disease and nutrition. The concentration of IGF-I was reduced before surgery and remained reduced after, recommending IGF-I as a metabolic marker in both pre and postoperative examination of patients.
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PMID:Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) as a sensitive biomarker of catabolism in patients with gastrointestinal diseases. 1784 15

(18)F-2-deoxy-2-fluoro-glucose Positron Emission Tomography (FDG-PET) has been recently proposed as a promising cancer-screening test. However, the validity of FDG-PET in cancer screening has not been evaluated. We investigated the sensitivity of FDG-PET compared with upper gastric endoscopy in gastric cancer screening for asymptomatic individuals. A total of 2861 consecutive subjects (1600 men and 1261 women) who were asymptomatic and who underwent both FDG-PET and upper gastrointestinal endoscopy between 1 February 2004 and 31 January 2005 were included in this study. Both endoscopists and a radiologist were unaware of the results of the other diagnostic tests. The FDG-PET images were examined using criteria determined by the pattern of FDG accumulation. Sensitivity and specificity of FDG-PET were calculated compared with endoscopic diagnosis as the gold standard. Among 2861 subjects enrolled in the study, there were 20 subjects with gastric cancer, of whom 18 were T1 in depth of cancer invasion. Positive FDG-PET results were obtained only in 2 of the 20 cancer subjects. The calculated sensitivity and specificity for overall gastric cancers were 10.0% (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.2-31.7%) and 99.2% (95% CI: 98.8-99.5%), respectively. (18)F-2-deoxy-2-fluoro-glucose Positron Emission Tomography was poorly sensitive for detection of gastric cancer in the early stages.
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PMID:Evaluation of 18F-2-deoxy-2-fluoro-glucose positron emission tomography for gastric cancer screening in asymptomatic individuals undergoing endoscopy. 1804 Feb 74

Soil and sediment samples were collected from saline and alkaline soils or lakes in the Qinghai Province, northwestern China. 145 actinomycete strains were isolated using Glucose-Peptone-Yeast extract agar (GPY) and ISP medium 2 agar supplemented with 1.0 - 3.0 mol/L NaCl at pH 7.5 - 10. The antitumor activities in vitro of the fermentation broth extracts from the 145 test strains were detected in 6 human tumor cell lines (gastric cancer GXF251L, lung cancer LXFL529L, mammary cancer MAXF401NL, melanoma cancer MEXF462NL, renal cancer RXF486L and uterus cancer UXF1138L). Out of 145 test strains, 26 strains were positive in antitumor activities (17.9%), among them 19 strains belong to the genus Nocardiopsis, 7 strains belong to the genus Streptomyces. Then 8 antitumor-positive strains were submitted for 16S rRNA gene amplification and phylogenetic analysis after a comparison of antitumor activities, morphological, physiological characteristics and whole cell amino acids analysis. The results suggested that strain YIM 80139 is a member of a known Streptomyces species S. griseus, while strain YIM 80038 may represent a potential new Streptomyce species, and that the other 6 strains may represent 4 potential new species of the genus Nocardiopsis. The results presented above showed that actinomycetes isolated from saline and alkaline samples are important resources for bioactive compounds, and the abundant microbial diversity in the saline and alkaline environments in the Qinghai Province, Northwestern China is attractive for further investigation.
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PMID:[Micirobial diversity and screening of antitumor activity of actinomycete strains from saline and alkaline environments in the Qinghai Province, P. R. China]. 1806 44

Positron emission Tomography (PET) with 2-[(18)F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose (FDG) is a functional imaging technique with increasing value in special diagnostic fields of gastrointestinal tumours. In the initial staging of esophageal and gastric cancer, FDG-PET is useful in the staging of patients with advanced but local resectable disease. The detection of distant metastases results in an up-staging, and these patients should not be treated by surgery. Furthermore, FDG-PET is sufficient for monitoring early therapy responses after neoadjuvant treatment and enables one to select non-responders who may benefit from therapy alterations. Major indications for FDG-PET in patients with rectal carcinoma are therapy monitoring and diagnosis of relapses, especially the differentiation between tumour and scar and also the localisation of tumour manifestations in cases with increasing tumour markers. FDG-PET is very efficient in the imaging of pulmonal and hepatic metastases of colorectal cancer but not in lymph node staging. In diagnostic procedures for pancreatic carcinoma, FDG-PET can be recommended to explore the dignity of pancreatic lesions and in the imaging of tumour relapses. For gastrointestinal stroma tumours, FDG-PET is useful for the monitoring of therapy and the initial staging. For imaging of hepatocellular carcinoma and carcinoma of the gall bladder, FDG-PET is not sufficient.
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PMID:[[18F]-FDG-PET in the diagnostics of gastrointestinal tumors]. 1839 56

A 69-year-old woman had been treated with insulin for diabetes over the last 8 years. Distal gastrectomy (D2) was undertaken for StageIV stomach cancer. CA19-9 showed marked increases after surgery, but returned to normal after administering S-1. After 12 cycles, the treatment was discontinued due to hepatic disorders, and the clinical course was monitored. Weekly paclitaxel therapy was initiated as second-line therapy when CA19-9 rose again to 467 U/mL. Marked efficacy was noted after completion of one cycle. A total of 23 cycles were conducted. CA19-9 returned to normal, and the patient remains recurrence-free. In the treatment with paclitaxel, pre-treatment with dexamethasone (20 mg each time) is made to prevent hypersensitivity reactions. Since the total dose becomes too large in weekly treatment, however, treatment was initiated at 12 mg in our patient, and the dose was reduced stepwise to 8 mg, 4 mg and 2 mg. At the same time, the dose of insulin at bedtime and before breakfast the following morning was increased in increments of 2 units. This made it possible to maintain good control of blood glucose levels and minimize changes in HbA1c. This experience suggests that the dosage regimen needs refinements in diabetic patients such as a reduction in the dose of steroids and increases in the dose of insulin in long-term treatment.
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PMID:[A case of effective weekly paclitaxel administration for advanced gastric cancer associated with diabetes mellitus -about the control of blood glucose when dexamethasone for prophylaxis against paclitaxel-associated hypersensitivity reactions to the diabetic has been administered]. 1840 35

We have studied the chemopreventive role of naringenin against experimental gastric carcinogenesis in male Wistar rats. The animals were divided into five groups and six animals were included in each group. Stomach, liver, sera and kidney specimens were collected in the 20th week and the level of glycoproteins namely, hexose, hexosamine, sialic acid and fucose, were measured in the control, gastric cancer-induced, cancer naringenin pretreated, cancer naringenin posttreated and naringenin alone animals. The glycoprotein levels were increased in the gastric cancer-induced rats when compared with the control rats. The levels of glycoprotein were decreased significantly in cancer-bearing rats supplemented with naringenin as compared with the gastric cancer-induced rats. The result shows the gastroprotective effect of naringenin and describes the likelihood of naringenin in maintaining the integrity of cell membranes and gastric mucosa against oxidative damage. Moreover, we hypothesize that regulation of glycoprotein levels by naringenin could be associated with the regression of N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine-induced gastric carcinoma.
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PMID:Impact of naringenin on glycoprotein levels in N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine-induced gastric carcinogenesis in rats. 1876 2

A 72-year-old man had been treated for type 2 diabetes mellitus and gastric cancer. He had been receiving insulin and chemotherapy because of diabetes mellitus and terminal gastric cancer. The dose of insulin was decreased due to the appetite loss, but his general condition deteriorated with disturbed consciousness (JCS I-3), so he was admitted to our hospital in November 2006. On admission, he showed abnormal laboratory data such as WBC 11,070/microl, Hb 10.2 g/dl, serum BUN 64.1 mg/dl, serum Cr 2.23 mg/dl, serum CRP 16.78 mg/dl, plasma glucose 830 mg/dl, serum osmolarity 360 mOsm/l, and serum total keton body 5,490 micromol/l. However, serum Na (142 mEq/l), serum K (4.5 mEq/l), arterial blood pH (7.368), and the anion gap (15 mEq/l) were within the normal range. He was given a diagnosis of hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome with hyperketonemia. Immediately treatment was started with physiologic saline and regular insulin infusion. After treatment, glucose level and serum osmolarity ameliorated. Though elderly cases with hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome and hyperketonemia are rarely reported, it is important to be aware that elderly patients often have very atypical signs and symptoms. We report this case to show diverse nature of elderly patients.
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PMID:[An elderly case of hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome with hyperketonemia]. 1924 39


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