Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0024623 (gastric cancer)
 36,219 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We have been able to achieve targeting of anticancer treatments using the differences between the neovasculature of solid tumors and the vasculature of normal tissues. The first of these differences was as follows; We discovered that when the lipid contrast medium, Lipiodol, was administered arterially, it remained selectively in the solid tumor for a long time. Using this characteristic nature of Lipiodol, we achieved targeting of anticancer chemotherapy by arterial administration of oily anticancer drugs solubilized in Lipiodol. Remarkable anticancer effects against various malignant solid tumors were observed using this targeting chemotherapy. The second of the above differences, studied by Suzuki, is responsiveness to angiotensin II, in which the blood flow in the tumor can be increased using this vasoconstrictor. With Angiotensin II, a larger volume of oily anticancer drugs could be delivered to the tumor. The third difference is the permeability of the neovasculature to drugs of high molecular weight and the duration that these drugs remain in the extracapillary space. The high-molecular-weight anticancer agent, SMANCS (m.w. 17,000) dissolved in 5% glucose solution, was administered intravenously, and its histological antitumor effects on gastric cancer and esophageal cancer were clearly observed.
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PMID:[Targeting of anticancer chemotherapy utilizing the characteristic nature of the neovasculature of solid tumors]. 242 43

Many reports of diabetic ophthalmoplegia have been published from the clinical points of view. However, there have been only three autopsied cases in which the ocular nerves were investigated histopathologically. A 72-year-old housewife was diagnosed to have glycosuria at the age of 67, but no medical treatment was done. She admitted to the hospital, because of acute onset of right eyelid drooping and diplopia for previous four days. She showed complete eyelid ptosis, moderate dilatation of right pupil, loss of light reaction, and extraocular muscle palsy except abduction on the right. Blood pressure was normal. A glucose tolerance test was diabetic and HbA1c was moderately increased. Her diabetes was fairly well-controlled with a diet therapy and injection of lente insulin. Two and a half months after admission, the course of illness became regressive. Seven months later, external ophthalmoplegia was disappeared and only slight anisocoria was seen. She readmitted to the hospital one year and eleven months later, because of anorexia and emaciation. She died of adenocarcinoma of the stomach without chemotherapy. The duration from onset of ocular symptoms to death was two years and one month. At postmortem examination, stomach cancer infiltrated extensively to the abdominal and pelvic viscera, but no metastasis to the nervous system or intraorbital tissues was found. There were mild to moderate atherosclerotic changes in the small-and middle-sized arteries of the kidneys, pancreas and adrenal glands corresponding to her age. Moderate atherosclerosis was found in all of the major arteries including Willis ring, siphon of the right internal carotid artery and Vertebro-basilar one.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Diabetic ophthalmoplegia--a clinico-pathological study of the first case in Japan]. 269 31

This study was carried out to determine the relationships between blood trace metal concentrations and the clinical status of patients with cerebrovascular disease, gastric cancer and diabetes mellitus. The concentrations of blood trace metals were determined by flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The concentrations were compared to clinical parameters such as blood biochemical parameters, CBC, etc. The contribution of blood trace elements to these three diseases and the possibilities for prophylaxis of these three diseases are discussed. The results obtained were as follow: 1. Patients with cerebrovascular disease showed generally lower concentrations than normal subjects, while the gender difference of the blood metal concentrations showed a pattern similar to that of normal subjects. In some combination, significant correlations were observed between blood metal concentrations and clinical biochemical parameters. 2. As the stage of gastric cancer advanced, blood copper concentrations increased. In all gastric cancer patients the blood copper concentration had a positive correlation with platelet counts, CEA and LDH, and a negative correlation with hemoglobin concentrations, hematocrit value and catalase. Plasma copper concentrations had a significant positive correlation with catalase. Corpuscular zinc concentrations had a significant positive correlation with platelet counts, CEA, ALP and LDH, and a significant negative correlation with hemoglobin concentration and GSH-Px. Corpuscular manganese concentrations had a significant positive correlation with CEA and LDH. 3. The blood copper concentration of patients with diabetes mellitus showed a distribution pattern similar to that of healthy subjects. Therefore, copper is not considered to be an important factor in diabetes mellitus. Diabetic patients treated by insulin injection showed increased blood zinc concentrations. Chromium, which is contained in GTF (glucose tolerance factor), showed lower blood concentrations in patients with severe complications, such as retinopathy or nephropathy. Therefore, it appears that chromium plays an important role in advancing diabetes mellitus.
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PMID:[Studies on the relationships between blood trace metal concentrations and the clinical status of patients with cerebrovascular disease, gastric cancer and diabetes mellitus]. 344 33

DNAs of three cell lines of human gastrocarcinoma (MGC-803, BGC-823 and PACM-82) and two fresh solid tumors of human stomach cancer were used to transfect NIH3T3 and Rat-1 cells. The transformed cells were selected with high concentration of glucose and low concentration of serum, or with medium containing Geneticin (G418) after co-transfection of pSVneo and DNAs of stomach cancer cell line or primary transformants. From the second round transfection, we had obtained transformants which could grow with high colony forming efficiency in soft agarose and were tumorigenic in nude mice. The southern blot analysis showed that the cellular DNA of the transformants contained human Alu repeat sequence and the transformed gene from stomach cancer cell line (BGC-823) and was homologous to proto-oncogene c-Ha-ras. The transforming gene is able to induce neoplastic transformation of NIH3T3 and Rat-1 cells.
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PMID:[DNA transformation activity of a human gastrocarcinoma cell line]. 375 34

The effects of gastrectomies and those reconstructions for gastric cancer on gut hormone release, GI tract transit time, RISA absorption test and triolein digestion and absorption test were investigated clinically. The patient's quality of life was evaluated by the reconstructive methods. In the cardiectomy type, gut hormone response was markedly increased. The transit time was significantly shortened. In the Billroth I and the interposition types, gut hormone response was slightly decreased. The transit time was normal. In the Billroth II and the Roux-en-Y types, gut hormone response was decreased. The transit time was prolonged. Serum glucose was markedly increased in the Roux-en-Y type. Absorption in protein was depressed in Billroth II and that in fat in Roux-en-Y. Quality of life was best in Billroth I, Billroth II, interposition, Roux-en-Y and cardiectomy in descending order. Postoperative changes of gut hormones and metabolism and the quality of life are influenced by the type of reconstructive procedure. For this reason, for the surgical treatment of cancer of the stomach, it would seem that partial, not total, gastrectomy is more appropriate if meeting the conditions of radical cancer treatment. Moreover, it seems to be indicated that a reconstructive procedure which allows food to pass through the duodenum is the procedure to choose.
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PMID:[Hormonal and functional changes and the quality of life in the late phase after gastric surgery for cancer]. 408 33

In this study therapeutic effect of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) for the patients undergoing total gastrectomy was evaluated and following results were obtained. Both incidence and cure rate of anastomotic leakage after total gastrectomy had markedly improved, in spite of increased resection rate and curative operation for the patients with advanced gastric cancer by introducing TPN routinely to the nutritional management. It is important to maintain serum albumin level above 3.0 g/dl to give enough calories and protein (40-50 kcal/kg/day). TPN using a combined carbohydrate solution such as the ratio for glucose, fructose, xylitol (4: 2: 1) seems to have a beneficial effect on the patients with surgical diabetes status. It is suggested that serum albumin is a most promising parameter in nutritional assessment of the preoperative period. But in the early postoperative period, rapid turnover protein such as prealbumin might be more accurate parameter. TPN during chemotherapy as an adjunct to surgery leads to diminished morbidity, and possibly to prolonged survival time in the patients undergoing gastrectomy for gastric cancer.
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PMID:[Nutritional management of the patients after total gastrectomy using total parenteral nutrition (TPN)]. 643 85

Chlorozotocin is a glucose-substituted chloroethyl nitrosourea with pharmacologic properties suggesting it is a relatively nonmyelosuppressive cancer chemotherapy drug. Preclinical studies have shown that this drug possesses approximately twice the in vitro alkylating activity of the chloroethyl nitrosoureas BCNU and CCNU. In the L1210 leukemia system, chlorozotocin has curative activity at doses that result in minimal bone marrow toxicity. In vitro studies of human bond marrow stem cells have shown that chlorozotocin is relatively sparing of these cells compared to BCNU. Phase I and phase II trials in man have been performed that show that chlorozotocin's dose-limiting toxicity is thrombocytopenia at doses greater than 120 mg/m2. In the phase II trial, 16% of patients with colon cancer and 20% of patients with malignant melanoma evidenced objective regression of disease. Chlorozotocin is now undergoing phase II evaluation in combination chemotherapy trials in colon and stomach cancer.
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PMID:Preclinical and clinical studies on chlorozotocin, a new nitrosourea with decreased bone marrow toxicity. 644 66

Positron emission tomography (PET) with 2-deoxy-2 [18F] fluoro-D-glucose (18FDG), a structural analog of glucose, allows tumor images to be obtained, based on increased glycolysis in cancer cells. In the present study, in order to confirm the effectiveness of 18FDG-PET tumor images for cancer diagnosis, 18FDG tumor uptake values were measured in human gastric cancer xenografts in nude mice. Firstly, comparison of 18FDG uptake and histological grade in four gastric cancers showed that 18FDG uptake increased with loss of differentiation. Secondly, reduction of 18FDG uptake values after administration of anticancer drug was found to correlate with chemosensitivity to anticancer agent, and the values were reduced prior to suppression of tumor growth. These data suggest that 18FDG-PET tumor images may provide reliable indications for assessment of the histological grade of the tumor and the efficacy of cancer chemotherapy.
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PMID:[Experimental study on the effectiveness of PET tumor images for cancer diagnosis]. 810 93

Participants in a community secondary prevention action sponsored by the local government were compared with non-participants with respect to utilization of medical facilities for medical examinations. The study sample consisted of 1,013 males and 1,042 females aged 40 years or over, in a rural town in Kyoto prefecture, who were members of the National Health Insurance. Data from National Health Insurance records, such as date of consultation and type of medical examinations, were analyzed. The secondary prevention action sponsored by the town consisted of a multiphasic health check for circulatory or other chronic diseases, and screenings for tuberculosis and cancers of the stomach, lung, breast and cervix. Medical examinations included urine test, blood cell count, electrocardiography, laboratory tests for serum transaminases, serum glucose, and fecal occult blood, X-ray or endoscopy of the stomach, chest X-ray, mammography, and cervical cytology. Results of the study showed that those who attended the town sponsored secondary prevention action were more likely to utilize local medical facilities, and those who did not participate were likely to visit facilities outside the town. Medical facilities, both local and outside the town, had a larger proportion of examinations corresponding to health examinations or stomach cancer screening than the town office, however, the town office had a larger proportion of lung or cervical cancer screening. The health examination and stomach cancer screening in the town office, and in the medical facilities appeared to be redundant while lung and cervical cancer screening were complemented tests at medical facilities. When these examinations are targeted as modifying factors in the natural history of diseases, consideration should be given to both the records of secondary prevention actions as well as medical records of other medical facilities that may be utilized.
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PMID:[Association between participation in health check and visiting medical facilities in residents in a rural town]. 811 Oct 83

Intraoperative electron beam radiotherapy (IORT) is clinically used as a potential adjunctive treatment to surgery of locally advanced pancreatic and gastric cancer. The tolerance of the pancreas to IORT was studied in 15 adult beagles, divided in 3 groups of 5 beagles in which 25, 30 or 35 Gy IORT was delivered through a 6-7 cm circular lucite cone with 6-8 MeV electrons to the pancreas and medial wall of the duodenum. The dogs were followed for endocrine and exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. Two dogs (13%) developed radiation-induced morbidity which consisted of a common bile duct stenosis and an enterocolic fistula, as was confirmed at autopsy after 8 and 18 months, respectively. After a follow-up of 1 year, none of the dogs had developed pancreatitis, diabetes or exocrine insufficiency. There was a significant reduction in serum insulin levels and glucose clearance rates without overt diabetes for 30 Gy and 35 Gy (p < 0.05). No significant changes were found for 25 Gy. This study suggests that 25 Gy IORT to the pancreas may be used clinically, and that higher IORT doses may induce endocrine pancreatic insufficiency in the long-term.
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PMID:Intraoperative irradiation of the canine pancreas: short-term effects. 812 87


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