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Query: UMLS:C0024623 (gastric cancer)
 36,219 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The activity levels of sulfotransferase enzymes involved in the transfer of sulfate from 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate to mucosal membrane and mucus gel glycolipids were studied in fundic and antral mucosal biopsies of patients with severe and chronic gastritis, gastric atrophy, gastric ulcer, and gastric cancer. With sulfotransferase which catalyzes the sulfation of mucus triglucosyl glyceroglucolipid increase in enzyme activity over the control was observed in patients with chronic and severe gastritis, and gastric atrophy, while a decrease in activity was noted in patients with gastric ulcer and gastric cancer. The differences were significant at p less than 0.001 for severe gastritis, gastric ulcer and gastric cancer. The increase in activity of sulfotransferase enzyme involved in the sulfation of membrane galactosylceramide over the control was observed in antral and fundic mucosa of all patients. Significant (p less than 0.001) differences were found in patients with severe gastritis, gastric atrophy and gastric ulcer. The results indicate that considerable changes in the activities of the mucosal sulfotransferase enzymes involved in the synthesis of membrane and secretory sulfolipids occur in gastric disease.
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PMID:Sulfation of glycolipids by human gastric mucosa in disease. 347 28

A cohort of 3,572 pulp and paper mill workers employed for at least one year between 1945 and 1955 was followed through 31 March 1977. Vital status was determined for 99% of the cohort. The 915 deaths observed were 79% of the number expected on the basis of comparable United States mortality rates. Statistically nonsignificant excesses of deaths due to lymphosarcoma and reticulosarcoma and to stomach cancer were observed. These findings tend to corroborate reports based on state vital statistics, and preliminary case-referent and population-based studies of workers in the pulp or paper industries. No deaths due to nasal cancer were observed, but only 0.6 were expected. When process-specific analyses were conducted, the excess risk of lymphosarcoma and reticulosarcoma was increased only for men who worked in sulfate mills. The excess risk of stomach cancer was limited to men who worked in sulfite mills. Process-specific standardized mortality ratios for these causes were highest after 20 years since first employment in the mills.
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PMID:Mortality among production workers in pulp and paper mills. 382 4

Mortality among 2,113 U.S. and Canadian members of the Pulp, Sulfite, and Paper Workers' Union, 1935 through 1964, was studied using a proportionate mortality analysis. Mortality due to gastric cancer was found to be elevated in all jurisdictions, but only in mills using sulfate or sulfite pulping. An excess of mortality due to kidney cancer was limited to mills in Oregon and Washington. Excesses of deaths due to leukemia, Hodgkin's disease, and lymphosarcoma were observed only in mills in Oregon, Washington, and Wisconsin and the province of Quebec. Based on small numbers, excesses of deaths due to cancers of rectum, pancreas, kidney, and lymphosarcoma were seen primarily among sulfite process workers, while Hodgkin's disease deaths occurred primarily in sulfate (kraft) process workers. These findings suggest that cancer mortality in pulp and paper workers may be related both to pulping process and to tree species processed.
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PMID:Mortality among pulp and paper workers. 650 89

An in vivo stathmokinetic technique was used to analyze the mitotic activity of cancer cells from 47 gastric cancer patients. The effect of cellular reaction in cancer tissues and regional lymph nodes on the mitotic activity of cancer cells was examined. Based on the main kind of infiltrating cells in cancer tissues, the cellular reaction was classified into agranulocyte (lymphoid leukocyte) type and granulocyte type. Agranulocyte type was found in 40 cases. The mitotic activity of cancer cells was examined in relation to the degree of agranulocyte infiltration: the average mitotic index in cancer cells 16 hr aft a single dose (0.02 mg/kg body weight) of vincristine sulfate was 91.5% in 22 cases of trace and slight infiltration, 81.3% in 12 cases of moderate infiltration and 53.2% in 6 cases of marked infiltration. The 3 values of mitotic index were significantly different from one another. The relationship between the average mitotic index of cancer cells in primary cancer lesions and the 4 groups of regional lymph node reaction was examined. However, statistically significant results were not obtained. These results suggest that the infiltration of agranulocytes in cancer tissues affects the mitotic activity of cancer cells, and that moderate and marked degrees of infiltration suppress the mitotic activity. It was also suggested that the reaction of regional lymph nodes does not affect the mitotic activity of cancer cells in primary cancer lesions.
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PMID:Effect of cellular reaction in gastric cancer tissue and in regional lymph nodes on the mitotic activity of cancer cells. 727 48

Although the incidence of gastric cancer varies widely between countries it is nonetheless a leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Migration studies indicate that dietary choices are an important exogenous factor. The United States has a very low incidence of gastric cancer, suggesting that exogenous etiological agents are at a minimum and providing a favorable setting for detecting important endogenous etiological factors. Dehydroepiandrosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate are endogenous steroids produced in the adrenal gland. Epidemiological studies show that the risk of developing specific cancers is related to the serum or urinary levels of these steroids. In addition, dehydroepiandrosterone prevents a variety of spontaneous and chemically induced tumors when administered to laboratory animals. To examine the association between circulating levels of dehydroepiandrosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and the development of gastric cancer, we measured the serum levels of these steroids in 13 individuals who donated serum to the Washington County Maryland serum bank in 1974 and who subsequently developed gastric cancer and in 52 matched controls. Prediagnostic serum levels of dehydroepiandrosterone were 38% lower in cases as compared to controls (P = 0.09). The risk of developing gastric cancer increased with decreasing levels of both steroids. Adjustment for confounding factors such as smoking or the interval between blood donation and time to diagnosis did not alter the findings. These results suggest that there may be a role for this steroid in the prevention of gastric cancer.
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PMID:Serum levels of dehydroepiandrosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and the risk of developing gastric cancer. 842 Jun 9

The pathogenic bacterium Helicobacter pylori, which causes active, chronic type B gastritis and peptic ulcer disease, and increases the risk for development of gastric cancer, could tentatively interfere with growth factors and growth factor receptors of importance for the gastroduodenal mucosa, e.g. heparin-binding FGFs (fibroblast growth factors). H. pylori binds FGF with an extremely strong affinity (3.8 x 10(-12)M), and also heparan sulfate and heparin with higher affinity (Kd 9 x 10(-9)M) than FGFs bind to heparin (10(-8) - 10(-9)M). FGF receptors are also dependent on heparin for their activation. Heparan sulfate binding proteins (HSBP) are exposed on and shed from the surface of H. pylori, which often are localised close to the epithelial stem cells in the gastroduodenal glands. H. pylori could thus efficiently interfere with growth factors and growth factor receptors, tentatively resulting in disturbance of the delicate balance that control the renewal, maintenance and repair of the gastroduodenal mucosa. This mode of action has previously not been considered, but may constitute part of its pathogenic mechanisms. Such a dynamic mode of action of H. pylori may explain the reason for that infected victims may either suffer from gastrointestinal symptoms or lack clinical evidence of disease or discomfort.
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PMID:Helicobacter pylori interacts with heparin and heparin-dependent growth factors. 874 13

A high serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) level was found in a patient with endometrial adenocarcinoma of the uterus, which appeared to be hepatoid on histological examination. The AFP of this unusual patient was purified by immunoaffinity chromatography and characterized. The electrophoretic profiles on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide get electrophoresis both before and after glycopeptidase F treatment were indistinguishable from those of a hepatoma AFP. This indicates that the patient's AFP was also composed of a single polypeptide chain of Mr 67,000 and an N-linked sugar chain of Mr 3,000. Amino acid sequence analyses of this AFP, and of AFP from hepatoma and umbilical cord serum indicated that the N-terminal sequences were essentially the same. The sequence, Arg-Thr-Leu-His-Arg-Asn-Glu-Tyr-Gly-Ile, was slightly different from previous reports, but matched that deduced from the cDNA sequence. AFP isoforms due to microheterogeneity of the sugar chain were analyzed by lectin affinity electrophoresis using a series of lectins. The AFP isoform profiles were distinct from those of proteins derived from cord serum, hepatoma, yolk sac tumor and gastric cancer. The reverse-transcription of RNA from the tumor tissue followed by a polymerase chain reaction using primers with AFP-specific sequences gave a product of the size and nucleotide sequence expected for AFP. mRNAs possessing the requisite sequences for albumin and transferrin syntheses were also detected in the tumor. The expression of these hepatocyte-specific proteins supported the hepatoid nature of this tumor.
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PMID:Biochemical characterization of alpha-fetoprotein and other serum proteins produced by a uterine endometrial adenocarcinoma. 876 25

This paper reviews the available literature regarding the work environment in pulp and paper mills and the risk for malignant diseases. An increased risk for lung cancer among pulp and paper mill workers has been reported. Most studies are inconclusive with regard to considerations of etiologic agents. However, maintenance workers seem to be at an increased risk for lung cancer, as well as for malignant mesothelioma, indicating that this occupational group was (is) exposed to asbestos. Workers exposed to chlorine compounds also seem to run an increased risk for lung cancer. An increased risk for malignant lymphomas among pulp mill workers is a constant finding. The increased risk is observed both among sulfite and sulfate workers, indicating a common exposure. Such an exposure could be wood dust, terpenes, or preservatives present in the wood. An increased risk for leukemias has been found in many studies carried out on pulp and paper workers, but the studies do not permit any conclusions about etiologic factors. In some studies an increased risk for stomach cancer has been found. However, the socioeconomic status of the workers is strongly related to stomach cancer, and factors, such as dietary habits, have not been taken into account in any of the reviewed studies. Hence, no further conclusions can be drawn regarding etiologic agents.
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PMID:Health effects of working in pulp and paper mills: malignant diseases. 890 14

Two patients with hypochromic microcystic anemia received intravenous iron therapy (Blutal, Yuham Co., An Yang, Korea). These patients demonstrated diffuse hepatic uptake of Tc-99m MDP on bone scintigraphy, which was performed for evaluation of lower back pain in one patient and to rule out skeletal metastases from gastric cancer in the other patient. Blutal is an iron colloid chondroitin sulfate complex and is used to treat iron deficiency anemia in Korea. Phagocytized iron colloid within the hepatic reticuloendothelial system is responsible for the hepatic uptake of Tc-99m phosphate in the two presented cases.
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PMID:Hepatic uptake of Tc-99m MDP on bone scintigraphy from intravenous iron therapy (Blutal). 936 85

We reported previously that sulfo-glycolipids such as sulfoquinovosyl-diacylglycerol (SQDG) and sulfoquinovosyl-monoacylglycerol (SQMG) are potent inhibitors of DNA polymerase alpha and beta and antineoplastic agents. Then, we succeeded in synthesizing SQDG and SQMG chemically, including their stereoisomers, glucopyranosyl-diacylglycerol (GDG) and glucopyranosyl-monoacylglycerol (GMG). In this study, we demonstrated the structure-function relationship of the synthetic sulfo-glycolipids to DNA polymerase alpha and beta and their relationship to the cytotoxic activity. Both SQDG and SQMG inhibited the activity of mammalian DNA polymerase alpha with IC(50) values of 3-5 microM, but GMG only moderately inhibited it. GDG, diacylglycerol (DG), and monoacylglycerol (MG) did not influence any of the DNA polymerase activities. The sulfate moiety in the quinovose was important in inhibiting the enzyme activity. The one-fatty-acid-sulfo-glycolipids, SQMG, GMG, and MG, prevented the growth of NUGC-3 human gastric cancer cells and induced apoptotic cell death, but the two-fatty-acid-sulfo-glycolipids, SQDG, GDG, and DG, did not. SQMG and GMG could halt the cell cycle at the G1 phase, but the cell cycle was not changed by MG. The relationship between the DNA polymerase inhibition and the cell growth effect by these compounds are discussed.
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PMID:Structure-function relationship of synthetic sulfoquinovosyl-acylglycerols as mammalian DNA polymerase inhibitors. 1213 72


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