Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0024623 (gastric cancer)
 36,219 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

K-SAM gene was originally isolated as an amplified gene in a stomach cancer cell line by in-gel DNA renaturation method. K-SAM encodes a membrane receptor with tyrosine kinase and is often amplified in poorly differentiated type of stomach cancer, while c-ERBB-2 is often amplified in well differentiated type of stomach cancer. There are several forms of K-SAM mRNAs which are generated by alternative splicing, and two types of K-SAM protein without transmembrane region. The ligand of K-SAM is considered to be growth factor(s) belonging to fibroblast growth factor (FGF) or heparin binding growth factor (HBFG) family. We have also frequently found amplification of HST-1 or HSTF1 gene in esophageal cancer. HST-1 gene, originally found as a transforming gene, is located on human chromosome 11q13, and it locates 35 kbp apart from its related gene, INT-2. Neither of the genes was expressed even in cancer cells with the co-amplification. By cosmid walking, we have identified at least two genes, designated tentatively as EXP1 and EXP2, on the same amplicon as HST-1 and INT-2, and the mRNAs for EXP1 and EXP2 genes were increased in amounts proportional to the degree of amplification.
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PMID:Biological significance of gene amplification in carcinogenesis. 184 51

Patients entered into Southwest Oncology Group gastric adjuvant protocol INT 0016 (SWOG 9008) after a "curative" gastric resection were assessed to determine practice patterns of more than 300 surgeons nationwide who performed "curative" gastric resections for 453 gastric cancer patients. The most common gastric resection performed was distal in 256 patients, proximal in 118, and total in 79. Extragastric organs resected were omentum (285), spleen (59), pancreas (18), and bowel (17). The extent of lymphadenectomy as staged by Japanese rules was 246 (54.2%) D0 resections, 173 (38.1%) D1 resections, 28 (6.2%) D2 resections, and 7 (1.5%) D3 resections. Staging of the cancer was poorly documented, with no statement made regarding the status of the primary cancer in 6 per cent, liver in 10 per cent, lymph nodes in 17 per cent, and omentum in 17 per cent. The greater the lymph node clearance, the greater the chance of resecting to a level of negative lymphatics, given that 45 per cent of nodes were involved when 10 or less were removed, whereas only 17 per cent were positive when more than 40 were cleared. The lack of adequate clearance of lymph nodes and poor documentation of tumor stage suggests that a more regimented surgical approach to this uncommon cancer is required.
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PMID:Inadequate documentation and resection for gastric cancer in the United States: a preliminary report. 965 82

A new cancer cell line (KKP) was established from an ascitic effusion of an advanced gastric adenocarcinoma, intestinal type. The line has been maintained in continuous monolayer culture with a doubling time of 48 hours for more than 2 years. KKP cells, whose ultrastructural features are presented, showed an aneuploid DNA content, a modal number of 53 chromosomes, and the presence of one double minute chromosome. The karyotype showed trisomies of chromosomes 7, 12, 13, and 14, tetrasomy of chromosome 18, a reciprocal translocation [t(1;20)(q21;p11.2)], and a [t(4;?)] rearrangement. No amplification or rearrangements were evident in the c-MYC, c-ERB B2, H-RAS, INT-2, HST-1, c-MOS, and K-RAS genes, whereas somatic rearrangements were present in the sequences corresponding to c-MET and cyclin E genes by Southern blotting analysis. Polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) analysis of P53 and RB genes did not reveal alterations or point mutations in the SSCP pattern of conformers. The chemosensitivity pattern assay of the KKP cell line indicated that it was sensitive to cisplatin, etoposide, and doxorubicin and resistant to 4'-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide. The clinical history of the patient from whom the cell line was derived is reported and compared with the results observed in the cell line in vitro. High levels of the tumor-associated antigens CEA (carcinoembryonic antigen) and CA19-9 were evident in the KKP cytosol, whereas the KKP spent culture medium maintained the same low levels of CEA and CA 19-9 found in the patient's serum. This new cell line may represent a useful tool for studying the biology of gastric cancer and for planning new therapeutic approaches.
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PMID:Molecular genetics and in vitro sensitivity of a new human cell line, KKP, from a gastric adenocarcinoma. 968 29

Gastric cancer remains a significant healthcare problem throughout the world and is usually diagnosed at a fairly advanced stage in the West. Despite complete resection of the primary tumor, most patients eventually experience a relapse and die of recurrent disease. Extended surgery has not been shown to improve survival in Western studies. There have been a large number of adjuvant chemotherapy trials over the past several decades, most with negative results. More recently, there is hope for improving these dismal results with a meta-analysis showing a benefit for adjuvant chemotherapy and a large randomized trial, INT-0116, which has just reported a significant survival advantage with combined chemoradiation. These results make adjuvant therapy for completely resected gastric carcinoma the new standard of care, except in the uncommon setting of early intramucosal cancers.
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PMID:Adjuvant therapy for gastric cancer: a reality at last. 1107 50

Surgery remains the mainstay for the curative treatment of gastric carcinoma. However, despite adequate surgery, survival remains poor. The use of adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy has been examined in multiple previous clinical trials without convincing evidence of efficacy. However, recently, a large randomized controlled Intergroup trial, INT 116, demonstrated a survival advantage with chemoradiotherapy following curative surgery for gastric cancer. This review discusses the merits of the Intergroup trial and the ways in which it should affect the treatment of gastric cancer in the United States. INT 116 provides a foundation on which we can build to improve the care of patients with gastric cancer. With the evaluation of potentially better chemotherapeutic agents and the advent of molecularly directed therapy, there is increasing hope for improving the care of patients with gastric carcinoma.
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PMID:Recent developments in the treatment of gastric carcinoma. 1193 9

Radiation therapy has been used in the treatment of patients with gastric cancer in two clinical settings: definitive therapy for locally advanced, unresectable tumors and adjuvant therapy following surgery for high-risk disease. For patients with locally advanced, unresectable or subtotally resected gastric carcinoma, radiotherapeutic approaches with and without chemotherapy have been employed, because these tumors appear localized, without clinically detectable metastases. Combined treatment with radiation therapy and chemotherapy appears to prolong survival but rarely results in long-term cure. Although only a modest effect was seen on survival, importantly, these studies established the foundation of contemporary combined-modality therapy and have served to stimulate further clinical investigation in gastric cancer as well as other gastrointestinal disease sites. For patients undergoing resection and lymphadenectomy with curative intent, the development of local or regional failure is common, occurring in 40% to 65% of patients. Sites of local and regional failure following resection include the gastric/tumor bed in 20% to 55%, the anastomosis in 25% to 50%, and the regional nodes in 40% to 50% of patients. Intergroup Trial 0116 (INT 0116), a phase III trial, has recently demonstrated that adjuvant radiation therapy with concurrent and maintenance 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and leucovorin (LV) reduces local failure and improves survival. Adjuvant therapy is now routinely administered to patients undergoing resection of gastric cancer for high-risk disease. Ongoing trials are now investigating new systemic agents with radiation therapy to establish efficacy compared to 5-FU and LV, as well as evaluating neoadjuvant approaches prior to resection.
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PMID:Results of radiation therapy in gastric cancer. 1197 18

The curative management of gastric adenocarcinoma depends on complete resection of the primary tumor. In patients with lymph node metastases in the resected specimen, the relapse and death rates from recurrent cancer are 70% to 80%. There is continued debate over whether more extensive lymph node dissection (D2) improves survival when compared with less extensive operations. Until recently, attempts at preventing recurrence, usually using adjuvant chemotherapy, have been ineffective. A large United States Intergroup study (INT-0116) showed that combined chemoradiation following gastric resection improves median time to relapse (30 months v 19 months, P <.0001) and overall survival (35 months v 28 months, P =.01). This treatment has become a standard of care. Future advances in the therapy for resectable gastric cancer may come from studies of preoperative neoadjuvant chemoradiation and the application of targeted therapies such as growth receptor antagonists and anti-angiogenesis agents.
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PMID:Adjuvant therapy for gastric cancer. 1450

Despite the reduced incidence and mortality, gastric cancer remains the second leading cause of cancer death in Korea. Metastatic gastric cancer is regarded as an incurable condition, and chemotherapy is usually accepted as standard palliation. A number of randomized studies were performed comparing supportive care strategies with intravenous chemotherapy. The results demonstrated that systemic treatment can actually improve overall survival and quality of life to a certain extent. However, there is no agreement for standard of treatment in this setting. Recently, a number of newer compounds such as taxanes, topoisomerase I inhibitors and oral fluoropyrimidines have been intensively studied. The surgical resection still remains as the cornerstone of gastric cancer treatment. However, the high rate of recurrence and poor survival after surgery provides a rationale for the early use of adjuvant treatment. A large intergroup study (INT-0116) showed that combined chemoradiation following to gastric resection improves median time to relapse and overall survival. Future advances in the therapy of advanced and resectable gastric cancers may come from the application of new cytotoxic and molecularly targeted agents such as growth factor receptor antagonists and anti-angiogenesis agents.
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PMID:[Chemotherapy in the treatment of gastric cancer]. 1497 63

Patients with oesophago-gastric adenocarcinomas still have a poor prognosis, since about 30% of the tumours cannot be completely resected and about 40% of patients will relapse even after complete resection. Adjuvant chemotherapy did not influence these results, although more recent meta-analyses showed a small advantage for patients with adjuvant treatment compared with surgery alone. The high rate of locoregional tumour recurrence in gastric cancer favours radiotherapy to be included into the concept of adjuvant treatment. A US trial (INT 0116) was the first to identify a significant benefit regarding relapse-free and overall survival for adjuvant radiochemotherapy after surgery compared with surgery alone. However, divergent from the study protocol, more than 50% of the patients underwent only limited surgery, e.g. without any lymphadenectomy. Comparing the results of this trial with European studies of the same time and with similar patient criteria, it appears that limited surgery leads to significantly worse results. Adjuvant chemoradiation is able to improve the prognosis of the patients, but only to an extent comparable with optimal surgery alone. Current data do not exclude that adjuvant radiochemotherapy may improve survival even after extended surgery (e.g. at least D1-lymphadenectomy). But as far as this has not been proven by randomised trials, this potentially harmful treatment can not be defined as standard therapy. A European study investigating the role of adjuvant chemoradiotherapy after optimal surgery will be initiated.
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PMID:Adjuvant chemoradiotherapy in gastric cancer and carcinoma of the oesophago-gastric junction. 1500 46

In the past radiation oncologists had not a major interest in the treatment of gastric cancer, but the positive outcomes of the Intergroup Study (INT-0116) supported the role of locoregional control in promoting better survival. To reduce the toxicity and the risk of residual disease in locally advanced tumors after surgery,a preoperative approach was tentatively considered. The aim of this manuscript is to define the location of nodal area at risk for cancer involvement according to the tumor location (cardias, corpus, antrum) on CT images to help the radiotherapist in the contouring process of the CTV for preoperative conformal treatment of gastric cancer. The analysis of both the percentage of nodal involvement detected at surgery and of the site of recurrence after radical surgery can direct to the areas to be considered at risk with its contouring on CT. Preoperative conformal-three dimensional radiotherapy of gastric cancer requires clear and well defined contouring guide-lines to allow the evaluation of clinical outcomes and the analysis if the area at risk for recurrence has changed after the preoperative approach.
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PMID:Preoperative radiotherapy in gastric cancer: CTV definition for conformal therapy according to tumor location. 1501 20


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