Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0024623 (gastric cancer)
 36,219 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

During the last decade, we have experienced 525 cases of gastric cancer. Within these, 195 were early gastric cancer (37.1%). Five and eight year survival rates were 86.9 and 77.2%. There were seven cases of recurrence, all of which were liver metastasis of submucosal cancers. Two combined with pulmonary metastasis. Three of the recurrent cases had serum AFP raised (greater than 20ng/ml) before or after partial gastrectomy. When these gastric specimens were reviewed, AFP positive cells were stained by PAP method. Compared with the AFP negative group of 168 early gastric cancers, invasion of lymphatic and venous vessels of the stomach and incidence of the liver metastasis were significantly higher in the stained group. 1.3 and 4.5 year survival rates of the cases (including ours) of AFP producing early gastric cancer, which had been reported in Japanese literatures, were 76.1, 45.7 and 22.9%, respectively. Liver metastasis was found in 7 of 12 cases (58.3%). It is clear that AFP producing early gastric cancer has the same tendency for liver metastasis as the AFP producing advance gastric cancer does. To prevent its recurrence, early diagnosis by PAP method for specimens with hepatic picture and aggressive adjuvant chemotherapy are mandatory.
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PMID:[The characters of AFP-producing early gastric cancer]. 170 82

Levels of serum tumor markers including tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA), CA 15-3, CA 19-9, squamous cell carcinoma antigen, carcinoembryonic antigen, alpha-fetoprotein, and PAP were measured in 26 patients with bone metastasis and in 9 patients with primary bone tumors. More than one markers was elevated in 19 of the 26 patients with bone metastasis, although there was no elevation of the markers in 3 patients with renal cell carcinoma. TPA was the most sensitive marker in the diagnosis of metastasis. CA 15-3 was also a sensitive marker in this study, since metastasis from breast carcinoma may be the most common of all metastases in the skeleton. On the other hand, alpha-fetoprotein was uniformly unresponsive except in one case of gastric cancer. Combinations of markers are valuable for metastasis screening tests. No definite correlations were found between the markers in this study. On the other hand, there was a slight elevation of the markers observed in two of the nine patients with primary bone lesions. Serum tumor markers are useful in the diagnosis of bone metastasis to differentiate it from primary bone lesions. Especially in solitary bone lesions, serum markers may be the only way to make a differential diagnosis between the two.
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PMID:Diagnostic value of serum tumor markers in skeletal metastasis of carcinomas. 170 81

1,351 specimens resected surgically from 100 patients with gastric carcinoma were studied with PAP immunoperoxidase and ultrastructural method. The tumor cells were found positive for gastrin, serotonin, somatostatin and argyrophil particles in 19 patients. Among them the gastrin-secreting tumor cells consisted of 50% of the total in 4 cases, representing a separate new subtype, neuro-endocrine (NE) gastric carcinoma. Of the 100 cases, 16 (32%) contained NE cells among 50 undifferentiated type, while only 3 cases (6%) contained NE cells among the remaining 50 cases, the well-differentiated type. These results suggest that the appearance of NE tumor cells is closely correlated with the degree of differentiation of cancer, and confirms theoretically the heterogenicity of gastric carcinoma, and further supports the concept that exocrine and endocrine type gastric cancer cells are isogenous, i.e., from the endodermal stem cells.
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PMID:Neuro-endocrine type of gastric carcinoma. Immunohistochemical and electron microscopic studies of 100 cases. 197 91

A 48-year-old male developed gastric cancer (Borrmann III) with lung and liver metastases. Laboratory examination revealed a markedly elevated AFP (24, 241 ng/ml), CEA (9739.8 ng/ml), and CA-19-9 (726U/ml). Nevertheless, he underwent a subtotal gastrectomy for the hemostasis of a bleeding malignant lesion. Histological examination showed a moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma. A PAP for an AFP and a CEA disclosed positive staining. In addition, An autopsy revealed metastases to the liver and lungs with a positive result of PAP for AFP and CEA. Further, CA19-9 also was confirmed weakly in these same tissues, histochemically. Therefore this gastric cancer was considered an AFP, CEA, and CA19-9-producing tumor. Gastric cancer with 3 elevated tumor markers in the same patient is rare and its mechanism may elucidate the origin of gastric cancer and the resulting differentiation in the foregut.
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PMID:[An autopsy case of a gastric cancer associated with elevated AFP, CEA and CA19-9]. 245 Feb 14

The distribution and ultrastructural localization of CEA in signet-ring cells of 15 gastric cancer specimens were observed by PAP and immunoelectron microscopic methods. The mechanism of abnormal distribution of CEA in the signet-ring cell and its biological significance are discussed. The results showed that the CEA positive rate in signet-ring cells was 100% with the polarity lost in distribution. Under the light microscope, the CEA stain patterns were of two types-cytoplasmic and membranous types. The former was predominant. Under the electron microscope, most of the CEA was distributed on the cell membrane and cytoplasm. CEA was found in intracellular membranous structure of the cancer cells, especially in protein synthesis and transport organellae (RER, Golgi Complex etc). The synthesis of CEA in cancer cells increased, yet its elimination was somewhat hampered. The result was that the RER became extended and were full of CEA (+) material. In the free signet-ring cell, there was a small and short contact plane. The tight junction was severed as the cell junction was reduced. The antigenic determinant of CEA was glycoprotein. The abnormal distribution of CEA in signet-ring cells might be the morphologic reflection of the glycosylation of surface glycoprotein of tumor cells. These abnormal changes would lead to mal-functions and biologic misbehavior in the cells. It may even lead to disturbances in connection and recognition, loss of contact inhibition and decrease in the adhesion between tumor cells and therefore may easily give rise to infiltration and metastasis.
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PMID:[Distribution and ultrastructural localization of carcino-embryonic antigen (CEA) in signet-ring cells of gastric cancer]. 255 62

The biochemical rationale for the potentiation of the effects of 5-FU by MTX is based on an increased PRPP level or MTX polyglutamate produced by MTX. The cytotoxic action of MTX results not only from inhibition of DHFR but also depends upon thymidylate synthetase (TS), a key enzyme in DNA synthesis. We obtained a monoclonal antibody to TS using a hydrophilic peptide consisting of 20 amino acids in the TS amino acid sequence and demonstrated by PAP that TS was detectable in poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma cells but not in well differentiated adenocarcinoma cells. Upon clinical application of sequential doses of MTX and 5-FU, the median survival durations were 318 days and 156 days for scirrhous-type gastric cancer patients and non-scirrhous-type gastric cancer patients respectively. These results suggest that immunohistochemistry with TS antibody is available as an indicator of the effect of this drug regimen.
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PMID:[The role of thymidylate synthetase in sequential dose of MTX and 5-FU in the advanced scirrhous type gastric cancer]. 283 88

A human immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibody secreting hybridoma, HMG1, has been established and studied for its reactivity against human gastric cancer cells. Lymphocytes isolated from a regional lymph node of patient with gastric adenocarcinoma were fused with mouse myeloma cells NS-1. Supernatants from the generated human-mouse hybrids were first screened for immunoglobulin production by ELISA. The identified human IgM-secreting hybridomas were expanded and subcloned for further analysis or cryopreservation. The screening for binding of antibodies to a panel of human cancer cell lines and normal fibroblast was carried out with PAP or indirect immunofluorescence stain. The selected hybridoma, HMG1 after being cloned three times, was stable in secreting IgM (about 4 micrograms/1 x 10(6) cells) for more than 9 months. Large amount of ascites was obtained by injecting this hybrid to BALB/C nude mice pretreated with anti-lymphocyte serum and pristane. The ascitic fluid contained 5-19 mg human Ig/ml. Subsequently this IgM was extracted from ascitic fluid by saturated ammonium sulphate solution. This crude extract was further purified with immuno-affinity chromatography. Both this purified ascite-IgM as well as IgM from HMG1 supernatant would react with gastric cancer cell line BGC-823 but not with human normal fibroblasts 350Q by PAP or immunofluorescence analysis. The human HMG1-IgM reacted with gastric cancer cells on paraffin embedded tissue section but did not react with normal gastric mucosa cells. HMG1-IgM had some complement dependent cytotoxicity against BGC-823. These results suggest that the establishment of anticancer human monoclonal antibodies with human-mouse hybridoma technique be feasible. There is a possibility for clinical applications of this human monoclonal antibody in the future.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Study of anticancer human monoclonal antibody--establishment of human monoclonal antibody to gastric cancer by human-mouse hybridoma]. 324 78

The determination of serum CEA (Sandwich method) and CEA staining (PAP method) of excised specimens were performed in patients with gastric or colorectal cancer, and the biological characteristics of each cancer and the factors to increase serum CEA were studied with the following results: As colonic cancer has strong CEA productivity, serum CEA can be useful for the detection of cancer, and especially effective for the postoperative observation. Gastric cancer has weak CEA productivity, and serum CEA is not so useful in the detection of cancer and the judgement of resectability. The CEA positive rate of tissue with CEA staining was 80% in gastric cancer, 100% in colonic cancer, and were nearly equal to the CEA positive rate of serum in the group of terminal stage. In the mode of CEA staining of cancerous cells, IV type was observed most frequently in gastric cancer, and I type in colonic cancer. Among the resected cases showing more than 7ng/ml serum CEA, differentiated type, lymph node metastasis (+), the degree of tissue staining with CEA staining, the mode of cell staining O or I type in gastric cancer and I type in colonic cancer were observed in common.
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PMID:[Significance of CEA in gastric and colorectal cancer]. 388 83

By using an enzyme-bridge immunoperoxidase (PAP) technique, localization of so-called pregnancy-specific beta 1-glycoprotein (SP1) and placental-specific tissue proteins (PP5, PP10, PP11, PP12) was investigated in 19 cases of breast cancer, 24 cases of testicular malignant tumours, 12 cases of gastric cancer and some cases of other malignant tumours. These five glycoproteins isolated from human term placentae and characterized by Bohn are localised mainly in the cytoplasm, or nucleus of syncytiotrophoblast and appear to be specific for the trophoblast. But to a certain percentage these proteins could also be detected in the cytoplasma of malignant cells: In breast cancer, SP1 was present in 52.6% of cases, PP5 in 63.2%, PP10 in 68.4%, PP11 in 55.6% and PP12 in 31.6%. In testicular malignant tumours the detection rates of these proteins varied from 20.8 to 75.0% and in gastric cancer from 41.7 to 66.7%. In total 50% of the tumours tested were SP1-positive, 58.3% PP5-positive, 55.6% PP10-positive, 38.0% PP11-positive and 31.9% PP12-positive. In addition, it was found that mononuclear histiocytes showed a strong cytoplasmic staining for PP10 and PP12 and that a few other non-cancerous cells (i.e. striated cells in gastric metaplasia, gastric polyps etc.) stained for PP5, PP10, PP11 and/or PP12. All control sections were negative in malignant cells as well as in other tissue cells. This study confirms the reports that some kinds of malignant tumours produce SP1 and indicates that the ectopic production of proteins normally produced by the trophoblast is a common finding in malignant tumours. It furthermore suggests that such proteins may be useful as markers in monitoring patients with malignant diseases. The possible mechanisms of ectopic production of these inappropriate proteins in malignant tumours are discussed.
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PMID:Ectopic synthesis of pregnancy specific beta 1-glycoprotein (SP1) and placental specific tissue proteins (PP5, PP10, PP11, PP12) in nontrophoblastic malignant tumours. Possible markers in oncology. 616 Feb 87

In this report, 141 patients with gastric cancer were studied histochemically. Tissue CEA was stained by the CEA-PAP method and the gastric cancer was classified into CEA-producing (96 cases, 68.1%) and CEA non-producing gastric cancer (45 cases, 31.9%). Histologically, CEA-producing gastric cancer was well differentiated adenocarcinoma and CEA non-producing gastric cancer was chiefly undifferentiated carcinoma. PAS, pH 2.5 Alcian-blue, High Iron Diamine, Alkaline-PAS, and Concanavalin A paradoxical stain were applied to specimens from each type of gastric carcinoma. Mucosubstances of CEA-producing gastric cancer were positive for A-B, HID, AL-PAS and CPS III-1; those of CEA non-producing gastric cancer were positive for PAS and CPS III-s, but negative for A-B, HID and A1-PAS. These results suggest that CEA-producing gastric cancer arises from intestinal metaplasia of gastric mucosa and that CEA non-producing gastric cancer arises from the gastric mucosa itself.
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PMID:[Mucohistochemical studies of CEA producing and non-producing stomach cancers]. 619 17


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