Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0024623 (gastric cancer)
 36,219 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 54 year old man presenting a so-called super bone scan is reported. The patient had a past history of subtotal gastrectomy due to early gastric cancer 19 years previously. Laboratory data indicated microcytic anemia and high serum alkaline phosphatase. Both the serum calcium and phosphate levels were within normal ranges. In spite of extensive examination for a primary malignant lesion in the organs including the remaining stomach, no solid tumors were identified. Pathological examinations revealed that the tumor cells in the biopsy specimen from the lumbar spine were almost identical to those in the gastric cancer excised 19 years previously. We considered that micrometastases in the bone marrow existed at the time of the initial surgery for gastric cancer and reappeared 19 years later showing super bone scan.
 ...
PMID:Super bone scan due to bone marrow metastases appearing 19 years after surgery for early gastric cancer--a case report. 1512 53

The purpose of this study was to compare liver function tests preoperatively and postoperatively in 2 cohorts of patients, those that developed gallstones after gastrectomy for cancer and those that did not develop gallstones. The cohorts were taken from 698 consecutive patients who underwent curative gastrectomy for gastric cancer between April 1980 and March 1995. In comparison with 698 patients, the gallstone group was characterized by the findings that the incidence of cholelithiasis was significantly higher in totally-gastrectomized patients and patients with upper stomach cancer. Comparison of the perioperative status revealed a significantly higher rate of complications in the gallstone patients. Analysis of the changes in liver function showed significantly higher values of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, glutamic pyruvic transaminase, and alkaline phosphatase at time points of 1 and 3 months after surgery in the gallstone patients. The results suggest that the postoperative development of liver dysfunction and complications is associated with the formation of gallstones.
 ...
PMID:Clinicopathological study of cholelithiasis following gastric cancer surgery. 1581 39

We present a patient with multiple bone metastases who was treated successfully using only TS-1. Metastasis was diagnosed 8 years after distal gastrectomy for early gastric cancer in a woman now 61 years old. Surgery was performed on February 13, 1995. The primary tumor was located in the midportion of the gastric body, and had invaded the submucosa with metastasis to lymph nodes in the area of the lesser curvature and the left gastric artery. She was discharged from our hospital 41 days after surgery. After the 8 years of follow-up, elevation of alkaline phosphatase (ALP: 1,029 IU/l) was noted. Bone scintigraphy disclosed scattered areas of uptake in systemic bones. The biopsy specimen from the pubic bone contained metastatic adenocarcinoma, and the bone lesions were diagnosed as multiple bone metastases from gastric cancer. Chemotherapy was started with oral administration of TS-1 alone at 80 mg/day for 2 weeks, followed by 2 weeks of rest. The patient did not experience any side effects, and treatment was repeated on an outpatient basis. At 4 month after initiation of therapy, decreases in ALP and number of foci of abnormal bone uptake in scintigrams were noted. She has survived for an additional 16 months after starting TS-1, without major complications.
 ...
PMID:[A patient with multiple bone metastases from gastric cancer after an 8-year disease-free interval following gastrectomy]. 1585 19

Gastrectomy/gastric bypass has been used for patients with gastric cancer, and its application is now expanding to treating patients with morbid obesity, the prevalence of which is increasing worldwide. It is well known that gastrectomy leads to osteopenia, but the underlying pathophysiology and optimum treatments for this disorder have not been delineated. We followed 13 patients who showed progressive osteopenia (bone mineral density T-score<-2.4 SD) after gastrectomy/gastric bypass due to gastric cancer and who were resistant to long-term treatment (mean, 6 years) of active vitamin D3 and prospectively studied the effects of alendronate, a bisphosphonate, on osteopenia-related parameters for 2 years. Oral administration of alendronate in addition to vitamin D3 led to remarkable improvement within 2 years, not only in clinical symptoms, such as radial bone fractures and lumbar pain, but also in parameters for osteopenia, including decreased bone mineral density of the lumbar spine (P<0.01), decreased concentrations of calcium (P<0.05), increased urine levels of deoxypyridinoline (P<0.01), increased serum levels of bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (P<0.01), increased serum levels of osteocalcin (P<0.01), and increased serum levels of intact parathyroid hormone (P<0.05), although body weight did not alter. These results suggest that bisphosphonate may improve osteopenia after gastrectomy/gastric bypass.
 ...
PMID:Alendronate improves vitamin D-resistant osteopenia triggered by gastrectomy in patients with gastric cancer followed long term. 1613 91

The surgical outcome of most early gastric cancer (EGC) is usually satisfactory. Some cases show bone metastasis even though the depth of cancer invasion is confined to the mucosa. The most frequent site for recurrence of EGC is the liver. Cases of EGC with bone metastasis are reviewed to clarify the clinicopathological characteristics of EGC giving rise to bone metastasis. Possible mechanisms and risk factors underlying this rare condition are proposed. Forty-six cases of bone metastasis from EGC are reviewed from published reports and meeting proceedings in Japan. This investigation suggests that risk factors for bone metastasis from EGC include depressed-type signet-ring cell carcinoma, poorly differentiated carcinoma, and/or the likely involvement of lymph node metastasis, even though the cancer is confined to the gastric mucosa. The risk factors do not include recurrence of EGC in the liver. We speculate that the mechanism of bone metastasis from EGC is via lymphatic channels and systemic circulation. Post-operative follow-up of cases should consider the development of bone metastasis from EGC. We propose the use of elevated alkaline phosphatase levels for the detection of bone metastasis and recommend bone scintigraphy in positive cases.
 ...
PMID:Metastatic bone cancer as a recurrence of early gastric cancer -- characteristics and possible mechanisms. 1623 49

Disseminated carcinimatosis of the bone marrow is accompanied by solid tumors, and gastric cancer accounts for the majority. The prognosis of this condition is poor, however, the pathogenesis for wide-spread bone lesions has yet to be elucidated. In 9 patients with gastric cancer demonstrating disseminated carcinomatosis of the bone marrow, the characteristic clinicopathological features were examined. Immunohistochemistry for receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand (RANKL) and parathyroid hormone-related protein was also performed on gastric cancer tissue and bone marrow specimens to identify the factors responsible for the occurrence of bone lesions in patients presenting with this condition. The characteristic features of disseminated carcinomatosis of the bone marrow due to gastric cancer include a yonger patient age, an elevation of serum alkaline phosphatase and/or lactate dehydrogenase levels, wide-spread bone metastases with osteolytic bone destruction, a low incidence of hypercalcemia and a histological gastric cancer type of either signet ring cell carcinoma or poorly diffentiated adenocarcinoma. The expression of RANKL, which is one of the master regulators of osteoclastic bone resorption in bone metastasis, was also found in gastric cancer cells obtained from such patients. The RANKL expressed in gastric cancer may therefore play a critical role in the promotion of osteoclast formation, which has been suggested to be involved in the pathogenesis of bone lesions.
 ...
PMID:Characteristic features of disseminated carcinomatosis of the bone marrow due to gastric cancer: the pathogenesis of bone destruction. 1696 87

Aloe-emodin is a novel active compound found in the root and rhizome of Rheum palmatum. To investigate the effects and mechanisms of aloe-emodin on human gastric cancer, MGC-803 cells were treated with 2.5, 5, 10, 20 and 40 microM aloe-emodin for 1-5 d. The results showed that aloe-emodin inhibited the growth of cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner with an increase in S phase and in the proportion of cells cycling at a higher ploidy level (>G2/M). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, an indicator of cell differentiation, was found decreased. This is one of the first to focus on the effect of ALP activity in human gastric carcinomas cells treated by aloe-emodin. These results indicate that aloe-emodin has a potential value for the treatment of gastric cancer and its mechanisms are by means of cell cycle interruption and induce differentiation.
 ...
PMID:Growth inhibitory effects of gastric cancer cells with an increase in S phase and alkaline phosphatase activity repression by aloe-emodin. 1729 1

Using laser-captured microdissection and a real-time RT-PCR assay, we quantitatively evaluated mRNA levels of the following biomarkers in paraffin-embedded gastric cancer (GC) specimens obtained by surgical resection or biopsy: excision repair cross-complementing gene 1 (ERCC1), dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and five other biomarkers related to anticancer drug sensitivity. The study group comprised 140 patients who received first-line chemotherapy for advanced GC. All cancer specimens were obtained before chemotherapy. In patients who received first-line S-1 monotherapy (69 patients), low MTHFR expression correlated with a higher response rate (low: 44.9% vs high: 6.3%; P=0.006). In patients given first-line cisplatin-based regimens (combined with S-1 or irinotecan) (43 patients), low ERCC1 correlated with a higher response rate (low: 55.6% vs high: 18.8%; P=0.008). Multivariate survival analysis of all patients demonstrated that high ERCC1 (hazard ratio (HR): 2.38 (95% CI: 1.55-3.67)), high DPD (HR: 2.04 (1.37-3.02)), low EGFR (HR: 0.34 (0.20-0.56)), and an elevated serum alkaline phosphatase level (HR: 1.00 (1.001-1.002)) were significant predictors of poor survival. Our results suggest that these biomarkers are useful predictors of clinical outcomes in patients with advanced GC.
 ...
PMID:Impacts of excision repair cross-complementing gene 1 (ERCC1), dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase, and epidermal growth factor receptor on the outcomes of patients with advanced gastric cancer. 1823 Nov 4

All human immunoglobulins are glycosylated. The changes in IgG glycosylation are associated with autoimmune disorders and pregnancy. Little is known about IgG glycosylation in patients with cancer. A lectin enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (LELISA) based method was developed for measuring the Concanavalin A - positive IgG in the serum. Its rationale is as follows: PtA was used as a capture agent for binding IgG via the Fc fragment. Then IgG and the ConA-positive glycans on the IgG were detected using an anti-human IgG-F(ab)2 alkaline phosphatase conjugate or biotinylated ConA, respectively. The index ConA binding/total IgG was calculated. Serum samples from patients with gastric carcinoma (n=53) and healthy blood transfusion donors (n=24) were analysed. The protein A-agarose and ConA-sepharose affinity chromatography was applied to the purification of IgG, ConA-positive IgG, and Fab fragments. The LELISA, SDS-PAGE and Western blot methods were used to analyse the purified IgG and Fab fragments. A significantly higher ConA binding to IgG was found in patients with cancer compared to that of blood donors (ConA index = 1.07+/-0.08 (95% CI) and 0.81+/-0.08, respectively; P=0.0002). In donors, a significant correlation between the level of IgG bound to PtA and the ConA binding (r=0.85; p<0.001) was observed. Patients with gastric cancer showed a less pronounced, though significant correlation (r=0.33; P=0.02). Only the Fd fragment of the Fabs derived from both total serum IgG and ConA-positive fraction of IgG contained the ConA-positive glycans. The comparison of the purified IgG and Fab fragments derived from healthy blood donors and patient with gastric cancer showed no difference in either SDS-PAGE, immunoblotting or LELISA pattern. The LELISA is simple, reproducible and suitable for the evaluation of IgG glycosylation changes. The level of ConA positive serum IgG was found to be increased in patients with cancer. No convincing evidence of the presence of asymmetrically glycosylated F(ab)2 fragments was found. A trend towards a better survival of patients with a lower level of the ConA-positive IgG was observed suggesting a possible blocking effect of the latter on tumor immunity.
 ...
PMID:An increased level of the Concanavalin A-positive IgG in the serum of patients with gastric cancer as evaluated by a lectin enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (LELISA). 1823 53

A 63-year-old woman presented with an abnormal serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) level. Computed tomography (CT) scan of the abdomen and pelvis and radioisotope (RI) examination led to a strong suspicion of systemic bone metastatic tumors, although the origin was not known. Biopsies from bone metastatic lesions in the left ilium were performed under CT scan, and signet-ring cell carcinoma cells were detected pathologically. Also, a 0-IIc-like lesion was observed endoscopically in the stomach, and signet-ring cell carcinoma cells were also detected histologically. The patient's platelet (Plt) levels were reduced and slight bleeding from the gingiva was detected when she brushed her teeth. Both the stomach and the bone metastatic lesions exhibited a gastric phenotype (G type) phenotypically. From these findings, we diagnosed the patient as having advanced (inoperable) stomach cancer with multiple bone metastases; she also exhibited disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). We treated her with sequential methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil (sequential MTX/5-FU) therapy after obtaining her informed consent. After six cycles of the chemotherapy, the abnormal ALP and Plt levels were alleviated. At present, she is receiving weekly sequential MTX/5-FU therapy at the outpatient oncology unit; she has been receiving the therapy for about 7 months since the detection of the bone metastases and has had a total of 17 cycles. In conclusion, sequential MTX/5-FU therapy was effective for a patient with G-type signet-ring cell carcinoma of the stomach with bone metastases, suggesting that the phenotypic classification may be one of the useful markers for prediction of the effectiveness of chemotherapy in patients with inoperable advanced stomach cancer.
 ...
PMID:Gastric phenotype signet-ring cell carcinoma of the stomach with multiple bone metastases effectively treated with sequential methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil. 1870 42


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 Next >>