Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0024623 (gastric cancer)
 36,219 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The activity of thymidine kinase was found to be distinctly elevated while the activity of thymidine phosphorylase was markedly reduced in the blood serum of patients with gastric cancer. The dynamics of enzymatic activity depended on the form of surgical intervention. In patients undergoing chemotherapy positive effects were observed in those with a high initial activity of thymidine phosphorylase. This enzyme test is recommended for determination of treatment efficiency and prognosis of the course of the disease.
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PMID:[The dynamics of the enzymatic activity of DNA metabolism during the treatment of stomach cancer patients]. 227 43

The activity of metabolic enzymes, adenosine and thymidine, has been studied in the blood serum and lymphocytes of healthy people and oncological patients aged 23-80. An increase in the activity of thymidine kinase (EC 2.7.1.2), an enzyme of thymidine biosynthesis, was observed in the blood serum of oncological patients against a background of a sharp decrease in the activity of thymidine phosphorylase (EC 2.4.2.4), a catabolic enzyme. The revealed enzymic shifts have been observed in breast cancer patients after 36, in patients with the stomach cancer--after 46. It is found that an increase in the activity of adenosine deaminase (EC 3.5.4.4) and 5-nucleotidase of AMP (EC 3.1.3.5) in the blood serum of oncological patients is accompanied by a sharp decrease in the activity of these enzymes in lymphocytes.
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PMID:[Activity of adenosine and thymidine metabolism enzymes in the blood of cancer patients of various ages]. 233 24

5-fluorouracil analogs investigated in this study include a combination of uracil and Ftorafur (UFT), Ethyl (+/-)-t-butoxy-5-fluoro-hexahydro-2, 4-dioxopyrimidine r-5-carboxylate (TAC-278), and 5'-deoxy-5-fluorouridine (5'-DFUR). In a total of 45 patients with gastric cancer, tumor tissue level of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) was determined at 2, 4, 6, 8, and 12 hours following the oral administration of drug, using a resected stomach specimen as material. As a result, it was demonstrated that oral administration of 200 mg/m2 of UFT maintained above 0.05 microgram/g (minimum inhibitory concentration: MIC) of 5-FU in tumor tissues over 12 hours in 11 of 13 patients. On the contrary, 133 mg/m2 of TAC-278, and 200 mg/m2 or 300 mg/m2 of 5'-DFUR (which is activated by thymidine phosphorylase in man) did not produce an effective 5-FU concentration in tumor tissues. Serum 5-FU level was high in order of TAC-278, UFT, and 5'-DFUR. Clinical response rates obtained with UFT (200 mg/m2 twice a day), or TAC-278 (133-200 mg/m2, 3 times daily) were 27.5% (49 of 178 cases), and 8.3% (3 of 36 cases, by Koyama et al.), respectively. Fisher's direct probability test revealed that there was a significant difference (p less than 0.05) between them in the response rate. It was considered that the measurement of concentration of anticancer drugs in tumor tissues might provide us useful information for the designing of chemotherapy of gastric cancer.
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PMID:Studies on the designing of chemotherapy for gastric cancer in man, based on the tumor tissue concentration of anticancer agents. 621 37

In 173 patients with operable gastric cancer and in 127 patients with colorectal cancer, the relations between thymidine uptake by cancer cells in semi-solid media, their clinico-pathologic features and survival times, were studied. Multivariate analysis using Cox proportional hazard model showed that thymidine uptake is one of the variables most highly correlated with the probability of patient death. Thus, the availability of thymidine uptake information in the perioperative period may be useful for selecting patients who would benefit from more intensive therapy. Thymidine kinase (TK) is the only enzyme by which thymidine is introduced into the DNA metabolism. In 64 specimens, including gastric and colorectal cancers, TK levels in the serum and tumors were measured accordingly. However, there was no correlation between thymidine uptake and the TK levels, suggesting the necessity of measuring thymidine phosphorylase activity as well.
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PMID:[Prediction of prognosis of patients with gastrointestinal cancer based on thymidine uptake]. 810 96

Satisfactory therapeutic effects are rarely obtained with oral chemotherapy for gastric cancer. We have experienced successful treatment for synchronous hepatic metastasis of gastric cancer with 5'-DFUR and Lentinan. The patient was a 78-year-old female, diagnosed as having gastric cancer with multiple hepatic metastases, who underwent gastrectomy. Immunohistochemistry of the resected specimens with anti-thymidine phosphorylase (dThdPase) antibody yielded positive results for dThdPase in the primary tumor as well as the hepatic metastases. Two months after surgery, administration of 400 mg of 5'-DFUR per day and 2 mg i.v. of Lentinan every other week was started. Four months after discharge, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in plasma showed an abrupt logarithmic decline. Furthermore, a 99% reduction in hepatic metastases was demonstrated by abdominal CT. At present, 22 months after surgery, the patient is managed on an outpatient basis with no complaints of any side effects. Immunochemotherapy using 5'-DFUR and Lentinan may be effective against gastric malignancies expressing dThdPase activity.
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PMID:[Successful treatment of hepatic metastasis of gastric cancer with 5'-DFUR and Lentinan]. 946 40

Angiogenic growth factors are essential for cancer metastasis, and the growth of metastatic foci also depends on these angiogenic growth factors as well as autocrine or paracrine growth factors. We therefore investigated whether vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and thymidine phosphorylase (dThdPase) are localized more often in primary tumors with hepatic metastasis than in those without such metastasis and whether transforming growth factor (TGF-alpha) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-R) are coexisted more often in hepatic metastases than in primary tumors of gastric cancer. Resected specimens from 82 patients with gastric cancer were examined immunohistochemically. The primary antibodies used were anti-VEGF, anti-dThdPase, anti-TGF-alpha and anti-EGF-R. VEGF expression was found to be higher in primary cancers with than in those without hepatic metastasis (p < 0.001), while VEGF was frequently observed in both hepatic metastases and in the primary tumors. Localization of dThdPase was also higher in advanced than in early gastric cancers (p = 0.021). High co-presence of TGF-alpha and EGF-R was detected more frequently in cancers with deep gastric wall invasion than in those without such invasion (p = 0.050), and also more often in cancers with venous invasion (p = 0.007) and those in the advanced stage (p = 0.020). Co-presence of TGF-alpha and EGF-R was found to be higher, though not significantly, in hepatic metastases (58.8%) than in primary tumors (29.4%). These findings suggest that localization of VEGF may play an important role in hepatic metastasis, and that the expression of VEGF, dThdPase and the TGF-alpha/EGF-R pathway may be responsible for the growth of hepatic metastasis.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical demonstration of angiogenic growth factors and EGF receptor in hepatic metastases and primary human gastric cancer. 980 88

The prognostic influence of post-operative adjuvant chemotherapy on stage I b or II gastric cancer was studied retrospectively. The immunohistochemical expressions of p53 protein and thymidine phosphorylase (TP) were also examined; the relations between these protein expressions and clinicopathological features along with the effect of adjuvant chemotherapy were also investigated. The 5-year survival rate of the patients who received adjuvant chemotherapy was 95.5%, which was better than that (89.8%) of those who did not, although the difference did not reach significance (p = 0.09). The venous invasion of tumor was slight frequently observed in p53 or TP positive cases than negative cases, respectively (p < 0.1), but no significant associations were found between the t-, n- or ly-factor, and p53 or TP expression. Moreover p53 and TP expression had no significant influence on post-operative survival. But, among the patients with p53- or TP-positive tumor, adjuvant chemotherapy conferred survival benefits, although the difference did not reach significance. The 5-year survival rate was 100% with adjuvant chemotherapy, 84.3% without chemotherapy in p53-positive patients (p = 0.137), 97.0% with adjuvant chemotherapy, and 90.8% without chemotherapy in TP-positive tumors (p = 0.326).
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PMID:[Preliminary evaluation of adjuvant chemotherapy against stage Ib or II gastric cancer]. 1006 94

The immunohistochemical expression of thymidylate synthase (TS) and thymidine phosphorylase (TP) was investigated in 116 of early gastric cancer, in order to know whether or not these reflect malignity in an early stage. The materials conditioned on early gastric cancer with submucosal invasion and over 1 cm2 in size, were 57 with and 59 without lymph node metastasis. They were divided into two by the depth of invasion. The expressions of TS and TP in these group were compared with corresponding histopathological findings. Overall expressions of TS and TP were 54.3% and 34.5%, respectively. The TS-expression was not related with the depth of invasion and lymph node metastasis. The TP-expression, however, showed significant difference between with and without lymph node metastasis, and was so on the depth of submucosal invasion in the group without the nodal metastasis. Multivariate analysis showed that mucosal spread bordering 4 cm2 in size (p = 0.024) and lymphatic permeation (p = 0.099) in TS-expression, and lymph node metastasis (p = 0.041), submucosal invasion (p = 0.076) and venous permeation (p = 0.111) in TP-expression were the noticeable factors regarding to their high expression rates. Although these results were considered not to exceed gastric resection on the prognosis, they might be applicable as one of the indicators in postoperative follow-up on the minor resection of early gastric cancer such as EMR or local resection.
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PMID:[The expression of thymidylate synthase and thymidine phosphorylase in the early-stage of gastric cancer]. 1006 95

Previous studies demonstrated that the immunohistochemical expression of thymidine phosphorylase (dThdPase) was related with distant metastasis and disease progression. In this study we investigated the production of dThdPase/platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor in gastric cancer quantitatively. In a total of 75 tumour tissues and 60 normal gastric mucosa specimens, dThdPase protein concentrations were determined by ELISA. The amount of dThdPase was significantly higher in the tumour tissue than in the normal tissue. Intratumoural dThdPase concentrations were significantly higher in Borrmann types I and II macroscopically, in poorly differentiated and solid type histologically, in the medullary type of the tumour stroma, and in the tumour-invading serosa. In the medullary type of the amount of tumour stroma, protein levels of dThdPase were positively correlated with the vertical diameter of the tumour (r = 0.580, P = 0.019). By immunohistochemical study, dThdPase expression on tumour cells was observed in all seven specimens with high dThdPase protein levels, but not in all 14 cases with low dThdPase protein levels (P < 0.05). In summary, these data indicated that dThdPase is up-regulated in advanced solid types of gastric cancer, suggesting that dThdPase production in carcinoma cells might be induced by the microenvironment.
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PMID:Thymidine phosphorylase/platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor is upregulated in advanced solid types of gastric cancer. 1009 49

Angiogenesis has an important role in the growth and metastasis of solid tumors. Several angiogenic factors have been identified, one being platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor (PD-ECGF), which is identical to thymidine phosphorylase (dThdPase). We investigated the activity of dThdPase in 84 samples of 42 human gastric cancers, by liquid chromatography. The dThdPase activity significantly correlated to the microvessel density assessed by immunostaining to CD-31 antigen (P<0.05). Expression of dThdPase has an important role in the promotion of angiogenesis in human gastric cancer.
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PMID:Thymidine phosphorylase activity and angiogenesis in gastric cancer. 1042 93


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