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Query: UMLS:C0024623 (gastric cancer)
 36,219 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Sex-specific mortality rates for selected cancer sites (including oesophagus, stomach, liver, lung, colorectum, breast and cervix) and a variety of biochemical indicators of antioxidant status, enzyme activity and oxidative stress (including plasma levels of beta-carotene, alpha-tocopherol, ascorbic acid, selenium, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase, iron, copper, zinc, total cholesterol and lipid peroxide) were examined in an ecological study of 65 mostly rural counties in the People's Republic of China. The wide range of both mortality rates and biochemical values and the measurement of a comprehensive set of biochemical indicators permitted both simple correlational and multivariate analyses of the joint and relative effects of each factor on site-specific cancer mortality. Plasma levels of dietary antioxidants were consistently negatively correlated with cancer mortality rates. Ascorbic acid was most strongly negatively associated with most cancers and selenium with oesophageal and stomach cancers. beta-carotene was found to have a protective effect independent of retinol, particularly for stomach cancer.
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PMID:Antioxidant status and cancer mortality in China. 152 64

This study was carried out to determine the relationships between blood trace metal concentrations and the clinical status of patients with cerebrovascular disease, gastric cancer and diabetes mellitus. The concentrations of blood trace metals were determined by flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The concentrations were compared to clinical parameters such as blood biochemical parameters, CBC, etc. The contribution of blood trace elements to these three diseases and the possibilities for prophylaxis of these three diseases are discussed. The results obtained were as follow: 1. Patients with cerebrovascular disease showed generally lower concentrations than normal subjects, while the gender difference of the blood metal concentrations showed a pattern similar to that of normal subjects. In some combination, significant correlations were observed between blood metal concentrations and clinical biochemical parameters. 2. As the stage of gastric cancer advanced, blood copper concentrations increased. In all gastric cancer patients the blood copper concentration had a positive correlation with platelet counts, CEA and LDH, and a negative correlation with hemoglobin concentrations, hematocrit value and catalase. Plasma copper concentrations had a significant positive correlation with catalase. Corpuscular zinc concentrations had a significant positive correlation with platelet counts, CEA, ALP and LDH, and a significant negative correlation with hemoglobin concentration and GSH-Px. Corpuscular manganese concentrations had a significant positive correlation with CEA and LDH. 3. The blood copper concentration of patients with diabetes mellitus showed a distribution pattern similar to that of healthy subjects. Therefore, copper is not considered to be an important factor in diabetes mellitus. Diabetic patients treated by insulin injection showed increased blood zinc concentrations. Chromium, which is contained in GTF (glucose tolerance factor), showed lower blood concentrations in patients with severe complications, such as retinopathy or nephropathy. Therefore, it appears that chromium plays an important role in advancing diabetes mellitus.
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PMID:[Studies on the relationships between blood trace metal concentrations and the clinical status of patients with cerebrovascular disease, gastric cancer and diabetes mellitus]. 344 33

Adenosine deaminase (ADA), 5'-Nucleotidase (5NT), Xanthine oxidase (XO), Cu-Zn Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Catalase (CAT) activities were determined in gastric juices from patients with gastric cancer, ulcer, gastritis and from healthy subjects. Enzyme activities were given as units per ml gastric juice and units per mg protein in gastric juice. ADA, 5NT and XO activities were found lower and protein concentrations were found higher in the cancer group than controls. There was however no significant difference between Cu-Zn SOD activities of the cancer and control groups. In all groups including control one, we could not find catalase activities in most of the samples. On the other hand, ADA, 5NT activities and protein concentrations in the gastric juice were lower in the gastritis group than control group. In the ulcer group, we found higher Cu-Zn SOD and XO activities and lower 5NT activity and protein concentrations compared with control values. In an attempt to establish statistical correlations between mean enzyme activities, pH and protein concentrations in the gastric juices of the groups, we found noticeable intra and inter-correlations, which indicated possible relations between DNA and free radical metabolizing enzymes.
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PMID:Adenosine deaminase, 5'-nucleotidase, xanthine oxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase activities in gastric juices from patients with gastric cancer, ulcer, and atrophic gastritis. 814 35

Helicobacter pylori is a Gram-negative bacterium that infects the human gastric mucosa, causes gastritis and contributes to the development of peptic ulcers and gastric cancer. To facilitate molecular genetic analysis of this pathogen, we constructed a approximately 20-fold redundant cosmid library and physical/genetic map of strain NCTC11638. Genomic DNA fragments were cloned into the cosmid vector Lorist6, and clones were ordered by hybridization with several types of probes: (i) ends of cloned DNAs; (ii) chromosomal Notl digest fragments; (iii) cosmids containing Notl sites; and (iv) specific genes. Seven hundred and fifty-one cosmids were mapped to one of three contigs covering > 90% of the chromosome, and are represented by a 68-cosmid miniset. The order of cosmids was confirmed and extents of overlap among them were estimated by restriction analysis. All currently known H. pylori genes were mapped, including those for a cytotoxin (vacA), cytotoxin-associated protein (cagA), urease and regulatory functions (ureAb, ureD and ureH), catalase (katA), major and minor flagellins (flaA and flaB), heat-shock (stress) and chaperone proteins (dnaK, htA, hspB (groEL)), prokaryotic ferritin (pfr), an adhesin subunit (hpaA), a surface protein (26 kDa), and 16S and 23S ribosomal RNAs (two genes each). The orientations of eight genes or clusters were determined, and two repetitive sequences were also found. The gene order and rRNA gene copy number determined here differed from that reported for an unrelated strain, which suggests considerable flexibility in H. pylori genome organization.
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PMID:Ordered cosmid library and high-resolution physical-genetic map of Helicobacter pylori strain NCTC11638. 815 75

In 68 subjects the activities of Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were investigated in gastric mucosa. The patients were classified according to the histological finding into following groups: 12 with normal finding (N), 16 with superficial gastritis (SG), 13 with mild atrophic gastritis (MAG), 19 with severe atrophic gastritis (SAG) and 8 with gastritis after partial gastrectomy (PGG). The comparison of groups SG, MAG, SAG and PGG with the group N revealed the following changes: in SG increased SOD and GSH-Px, in MAG and SAG no significant changes, and in PGG increase in SOD, CAT and GSH-Px were observed. It was supposed that increased enzymatic activities were caused by higher concentration of active oxygen species produced by phagocytizing leukocytes in inflamed gastric mucosa. Administration of vitamin E resulted in significant reduction of SOD and CAT activities, on the other hand GSH-Px activity significantly increased. The explanation of this effect of vitamin E requires further studies. A prolonged interaction of active oxygen species with chemical carcinogens (N-nitroso- or diazonium compounds, PAH) can exhibit a significant promoting effect on the development of intestinal type of gastric cancer from its precancerous conditions, above all after partial gastrectomy.
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PMID:Gastric mucosal antioxidant activity in patients at increased risk of gastric cancer. 827 61

The histidine decarboxylase (HDC) gene is regulated transcriptionally by gastrin and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) through a protein kinase C (PKC)-related pathway. To determine the role of AP-1 (fos/jun) in the regulation of the HDC promoter, gastric cancer (AGS-B) cells stably expressing the cholecystokinin-B/ gastrin receptor and the 1.8-kb human (h) HDC-luciferase (luc) construct were cotransfected with constructs expressing c-fos and c-jun. Overexpression of c-fos and c-jun activated the HDC promoter in a dose-dependent fashion in 1.8-kb hHDC-luc/AGS-B cells as well as in transfected F9 embryonal carcinoma cells, which lack endogenous AP-1 activity. PMA was unable to activate the HDC promoter in F9 cells, which were not transfected with c-fos and c-jun. Gastrin stimulation increased c-fos and c-jun mRNA abundance and AP-1-dependent transcriptional activity, as assessed by a reporter construct in which the CAT reporter gene is under the control of a 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate response element multimer. Gastrin-stimulated HDC promoter activity was blocked by transfection of c-fos antisense and dominant negative c-jun expression constructs. Finally, overexpression of c-fos and c-jun activated the hHDC promoter through a downstream cis-acting element (gastrin response element), which does not bind AP-1. In conclusion, activation of AP-1 is essential for gastrin-stimulated HDC transcription, but the mechanism appears to be indirect.
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PMID:Gastrin regulates the human histidine decarboxylase promoter through an AP-1-dependent mechanism. 914 14

Catalase (CAT) is an enzyme that is involved in antioxidant defense, cell growth, and is possibly associated with tumoral processes. In this paper, the results of experiments designed to determine the influence of metallic carcinogens such as nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), and cadmium (Cd), on CAT activity are reported. CAT activity was measured in erythrocytes from three groups: a group of colon cancer patients, a group of gastric cancer patients before clinical treatment, and a control group of healthy blood donors. Concentrations of this enzyme are significantly higher than controls in the colon cancer group, but lower in gastric neoplasia. By generating highly reactive oxygenated species, Ni, Pb, Hg, and Cd alter catalase activity. Solutions of Ni, Cd, and Pb at 0.2 mM concentrations inhibit CAT activity in colon cancer, but increase it in gastric neoplasia. Hg activates CAT in colon cancer, and causes a slightly increased activity in gastric cancer. No complete deactivation of the enzyme was observed.
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PMID:Catalase activity in erythrocytes from colon and gastric cancer patients. Influence of nickel, lead, mercury, and cadmium. 925 71

Chronic inflammation induced by Helicobacter pylori infection has been associated with an increased risk of stomach cancer. We have analysed 167 stomach biopsies from 99 patients for H. pylori infection and immunohistochemically for the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), catalase and superoxide dismutases (SODs) as markers of oxidative stress. Biopsies were graded as follows on the basis of histology: normal, superficial gastritis, variable severity of atrophic gastritis with or without intestinal metaplasia, and dysplasia. iNOS was detected in inflammatory cells in all types of gastritis with or without H. pylori infection and independently of its severity. In foveolar cells, iNOS was observed in approximately 25% of all biopsies showing any type of gastritis, but in a markedly higher proportion of dysplastic samples. Catalase and Mn-type SOD in inflammatory cells and catalase in foveolar cells were more frequently observed in marked atrophic gastritis biopsies than in less severe gastritis. Individual differences were found in the expression of these enzymes within groups with the same severity of gastritis. Prolonged oxidative stress in severe gastritis and dysplasia may play an important role in gastric carcinogenesis, through increased damage of DNA and tissue by reactive oxygen and nitrogen species.
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PMID:Inducible nitric oxide synthase, anti-oxidant enzymes and Helicobacter pylori infection in gastritis and gastric precancerous lesions in humans. 992 91

We found that NCTC11637, the type strain of Helicobacter pylori, the causative agent of peptic ulcer disease and an early risk factor for gastric cancer, is metronidazole resistant. DNA transformation, PCR-based restriction analysis, and DNA sequencing collectively showed that the metronidazole resistance of this strain was due to mutation in rdxA (gene HP0954 in the full genome sequence of H. pylori 26695) and that resistance did not depend on mutation in any of the other genes that had previously been suggested: catalase (katA), ferredoxin (fdx), flavodoxin (fldA), pyruvate:flavodoxin oxidoreductase (porgammadeltaalphabeta), RecA (recA), or superoxide dismutase (sodB). This is in accord with another recent study that attributed metronidazole resistance to point mutations in rdxA. However, the mechanism of rdxA inactivation that we found in NCTC11637 is itself also novel: insertion of mini-IS605, one of the endogenous transposable elements of H. pylori, and deletion of adjacent DNA sequences including 462 bp of the 851-bp-long rdxA gene.
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PMID:Insertion of mini-IS605 and deletion of adjacent sequences in the nitroreductase (rdxA) gene cause metronidazole resistance in Helicobacter pylori NCTC11637. 1054 43

Whether gastric cancer in young adults differs from gastric cancer in older patients has been a controversial issue. It has long been suspected that young patients with gastric cancer have different biological features with a more aggressive course of disease and a poorer prognosis than older patients. This, however, has not been firmly substantiated. We report on the clinical course of four patients (three female and one male) with locally advanced (n = 1) or metastasized (n = 3) non-resectable gastric cancer diagnosed under the age of 29 years (23, 25, 27, 28 years). Prior to diagnosis, all three women had recently been pregnant (1-22 months). Diagnosis was endoscopically biopsy-proven and staging work-up was performed by primary explorative surgery (n = 1), laparoscopy and explorative surgery (n = 1) or CAT scan and ultrasound (n = 2). The delay between initial symptoms and diagnosis was 8-22 weeks (median, 10 weeks). The histology was signet-ring cell (n = 2) or undifferentiated (n = 2) gastric cancer. All patients had the diffuse type of gastric cancer according to Lauren. Patients were treated with the FLAP polychemotherapy regimen consisting of leucovorin, 5-fluorouracil, doxorubicin and cisplatinum, as previously reported. The best response after chemotherapy was partial in two patients. Two patients showed progressive disease. Secondary surgery was performed in three responding patients (one of them responded only locally). One patient achieved no evidence of disease after complete tumor resection (R0). In two patients surgery was palliative (R2/exploration). Three patients died 6, 4 and 8 months after diagnosis. One patient is still alive. In our series, very young adults with gastric cancer had adverse clinical and pathological features. In accordance with other reports, we observed a predominance of female patients and a possible association with recent pregnancies. Though the delay between the first symptoms and diagnosis in our patients was no different from that reported for older patients, special emphasis should be given to prompt referral and diagnostic investigations, ensuring the diagnosis of gastric cancer early in the course of disease.
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PMID:Gastric cancer in very young adults: apropos four patients and a review of the literature. 1078 97


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