Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0024623 (gastric cancer)
 36,219 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Numerous experimental and clinical studies have shown that skeletal muscle apoptotis may increase in wasting conditions and suggest that apoptosis might contribute to the loss of lean body mass. Data in cancer patients are still lacking. The present study aimed at verifying whether apoptosis was enhanced in the skeletal muscle of 16 patients with gastric cancer with respect to controls. A biopsy specimen was obtained from the rectus abdominis muscle. The occurrence of apoptosis in muscle biopsies was determined morphologically by the fluorescent transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling assay and by immunohistochemistry for caspase-3 and caspase-1. Mean weight loss was 6+/-2% in cancer patients and 0.5+/-0.1% in controls (p<0.0001). Serum albumin levels (g/dL) were 3.7+/-0.3 in cancer patients and 4.1+/-0.2 in controls (p<0.05). The percentage of apoptotic myonuclei was similar in cancer patients and in controls (1.5+/-0.3 versus 1.4+/-0.2, respectively; p=ns), in gastric cancer patients with mild (1.6+/-0.4) or moderate-severe weight loss (1.4+/-0.5) (p=ns), and in the different stages of disease (stages I-II: 1.5+/-0.7; stage III: 1.3+/-0.4; stage IV: 1.6+/-0.3; p=ns). By immunohistochemistry, caspase-1 and caspase-3 positive fibers were absent in controls and in neoplastic patients. Poly-ADP-ribosyl polymerase, a typical caspase-3 substrate whose processing is indicative of caspase-3 activation, was not cleaved in muscle biopsies of cancer patients. These data suggest that skeletal muscle apoptosis is not increased in neoplastic patients with mild-moderate weight loss and argue against the hypotheses that caspase-3 activation might be an essential step of myofibrillar proteolysis in cancer-related muscle wasting.
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PMID:Skeletal muscle apoptosis is not increased in gastric cancer patients with mild-moderate weight loss. 1669 91

Although the developmental stages of gastric carcinoma are still not clear, the constantly generated reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) may contribute to the process of carcinogenesis by interacting with DNA. 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase-1 (OGG1) is an enzyme involved in base excision repair of 8-oxoguanine that is one of the premutagenic lesions generated by ROS in DNA. The bulky adducts, are recognized and repaired by nucleotid excision repair (NER) enzymes, including xeroderma pigmentosum C and D (XPC, XPD). Eligible 106 gastric cancer patients and 116 cancer-free individuals constituted the study and control groups, respectively. Association between OGG1 Ser326Cys, XPC Lys939Gln, XPD Lys751Gln polymorphisms and the susceptibility tho cancer and the oxidative stress status were evaluated. DNA was extracted from peripheral blood cells and genotypes were determined by using PCR-RFLP. Serum nitric oxide, albumin concentrations, total antioxidant status and Helicobacter pylori IgG were determined. Serum albumin and nitric oxide of cancer patients were lower than that of the controls (P < 0.05). None of the evaluated polymorphisms or Helicobacter pylori IgG seropositivity associated with increased risk of gastric cancer, despite of the increased oxidative stress in cancer patients.
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PMID:DNA repair enzyme polymorphisms and oxidative stress in a Turkish population with gastric carcinoma. 2139 May 2

An 81-year-old woman was admitted for leg edema. She was found to have membranous glomerulonephritis with advanced gastric cancer after renal biopsy and endoscopic examination. Serum albumin was 1.4 g/dL and total protein was 4 g/dL on admission. After albumin was administered, distal gastrectomy was performed. Albumin administration continued post-operatively. The post-operative course was unremarkable and she was discharged on post-operative day 19. Six months after the operation, serum albumin gradually increased and uric protein volume decreased. Possible remission of membranous glomerulonephritis with gastric cancer can be expected after gastrectomy but careful perioperative management is required.
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PMID:[A Case of Gastric Cancer Associated with Membranous Glomerulonephritis]. 2680 36

Hypoalbuminemia is often observed in patients receiving chemotherapy for gastric cancer. The risk of hematologic toxicity is increased by the pharmacokinetic alteration of paclitaxel(PTX)owing to high serum protein binding in patients with hypoalbuminemia. Here, we examined the relationshipbetween the frequency of GradeB3 neutropenia and serum albumin concentration in 30 patients receiving PTX monotherapy, and 29 patients receiving PTX plus ramucirumab(RAM)combination therapy-a second-line treatment for advanced/recurrent gastric cancer. The number of patients who developed GradeB3 neutropenia was 8(27%)and 14(48%)of those who received monotherapy and combination therapy, respectively, with mean serum albumin concentrations of 3.31 g/dL and 3.15 g/dL, respectively. Serum albumin concentrations were significantly lower in the GradeB3 neutropenia group than in the non-GradeB3 neutropenia group in both regimens. When the serum albumin concentration of patients receiving PTX or PTX plus RAM was below the cut-off values of 3.75 g/dL and 3.45 g/dL, respectively, the odds ratio of GradeB3 neutropenia was 12.25 and 7.33, respectively. Hypoalbuminemia was associated with the development of chemotherapy-induced GradeB3 neutropenia, in patients with gastric cancer treated with either PTX monotherapy or PTX plus RAM combination therapy. Therefore, not only neutrophils but also serum albumin concentration should be monitored during chemotherapy.
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PMID:[Effect of Hypoalbuminemia on Severe Neutropenia Induced by Paclitaxel Monotherapy and Paclitaxel plus Ramucirumab Combination Therapy in Patients with Gastric Cancer]. 3118 12