Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: UMLS:C0024623 (gastric cancer)
36,219 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We report a case of peritoneal cancer dissemination with Type 4 gastric cancer, successfully treated with combination chemotherapy with TS-1. The patient was a 59-year-old female, who complained of abdominal distension with pain, weight loss, and poor appetite. She was diagnosed as unresectable Type 4 gastric cancer, T3N2MOHOP1CY1M0, Stage IV with massive ascites (cytology: Class V). After 2 courses of combined chemotherapy with TS-1 and cisplatin (CDDP), primary tumor reduction was confirmed and no cancer cells were detected from a pathological investigation with biopsied specimens by endoscopy. As additional therapy for remained ascites, intraperitoneal administration of paclitaxel and docetaxel was performed, resulting in a remarkable decrease of ascites with cytological disappearance of cancer cells. The patients underwent total gastrectomy with lymph node dissection, pathological diagnosis of primary site and lymph nodes showed grade 2 effect, and no cancer cells were detected in ascites and peritoneum, microscopically. While she died of peritoneal recurrence after the surgery, the case suggested the clinical advantage of controlling the advanced cancer-bearing state by combination chemotherapy with TS-1, instead of surgery.
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PMID:[Preoperative combination chemotherapy with TS-1 is effective in a case gastric cancer with peritoneal dissemination]. 1618 33

Taxanes have clearly demonstrated activities against gastric cancer. We compared the combination of paclitaxel plus 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) (PF) with docetaxel plus 5-FU (DF) as first-line chemotherapy in patients with measurable metastatic gastric cancer. Seventy-seven patients were randomly assigned to receive paclitaxel 175 mg/m2 or docetaxel 75 mg/m2 on day 1, in combination with 5-FU 500 mg/m2 continuous infusion on days 1-5. Treatment was repeated every 3 weeks. Of 314 chemotherapy cycles delivered (median 5 in both groups), dose reduction was required more frequently in the DF group, being 9 and 19%, respectively (P<0.01). PF was associated with, although statistically insignificant, substantially less grade 3 or 4 toxicities than DF (68 versus 85%; P=0.09). Global quality of life was similar in both groups, but substantive differences in many symptom scores including pain, dyspnea, constipation and diarrhea favored PF. There were no significant differences in therapeutic efficacy between PF and DF with respect to response rate (42 versus 33%, respectively; P=0.53), and failure-free (3.6 versus 4.2 months; P=0.92) and overall survival (9.9 versus 9.3 months; P=0.42). Both PF and DF appear to have efficacy against metastatic gastric cancer, with different, but acceptable, safety profiles.
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PMID:Paclitaxel versus docetaxel for advanced gastric cancer: a randomized phase II trial in combination with infusional 5-fluorouracil. 1642 42

Pure intramedullary spinal-cord metastases (ISCM) are a rare manifestation of cancer. We report a case of ISCM from gastric cancer. A 68-year-old man, treated with total gastrectomy for a gastric cancer, presented 9 months later with paresis of the left arm, pain and dissociated sensory loss. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a pure intramedullary lesion at the C3-C5 level. After surgical resection, pathological findings revealed an undifferentiated adenocarcinoma of gastric origin. To our knowledge, this is only the second report of ISCM from gastric cancer in the literature.
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PMID:Pure intramedullary spinal cord metastasis secondary to gastric cancer. 1646 55

Recently in Japan, endoscopic surgery has become focused on minimally invasive treatment for early gastric cancer. Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) is used to treat small mucosal gastric cancers <FONT FACE="MetaPress 6">&#104</FONT> 2 cm in size; however, total removal of the cancerous lesion in one session cannot be performed easily. Laparoscopic partial resection of the gastric wall is indicated for the same lesions as EMR, and we can achieve complete removal of cancer lesions more accurately. However, the extension of indication to depressed type cancer > 1 cm may carry the risk of lymph-node metastasis. Laparoscopic-assisted gastrectomy with lymph-node dissection is necessary for such lesions. It has many advantages over open gastrectomy in terms of postoperative pain, shorter febrile duration, reduced blood loss, earlier return to standing and earlier bowel movement. The wound is small and an almost-enclosed operation is possible. Furthermore, unlike other laparoscopic partial gastric resections, a major part of the regional lymph nodes can be extirpated, such as D1 + <FONT FACE="MetaPress 7">&#102</FONT>. Laparoscopic gastrectomy will play a greater role in the future, especially in replacing open surgery in cases of early gastric cancer.
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PMID:Minimal-access surgery for gastric cancer in Japan. 1675 18

This paper provides an overview of the current status of laparoscopic resection for early gastric cancer. According to many case-control studies, laparoscopic gastrectomy is feasible and safe, and in comparison with conventional open gastrectomy is associated with less pain, a quicker recovery of gastrointestinal function, and a better postoperative quality of life, with no negative influence on survival. Large randomized controlled trials of laparoscopic versus open gastrectomy are needed to establish the future role of laparoscopic surgery in the treatment of patients with gastric cancer.
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PMID:Laparoscopic surgical resection for early gastric cancer. 1682 1

Since 1991, laparoscopic surgery has been adopted for the treatment of gastric cancer, and it has been performed worldwide, especially in Japan and Korea. We reviewed the English-language literature to clarify the current status of and problems associated with laparoscopic gastrectomy with lymph node dissection as treatment for gastric cancer. In Japan, early-stage gastric cancer (T1/T2, N0) is considered the only indication for laparoscopic gastrectomy. As yet, there is little high-level evidence based on long-term outcome supporting laparoscopic gastrectomy for cancer, but reports have provided level 3 evidence that the procedure is technically safe, and that it yields better short-term outcomes than open surgery; that is, recovery is faster, hospital stay is shorter, there is less pain, and cosmesis is better. However, investigation into the oncological outcome of laparoscopic gastrectomy as treatment for cancer is lacking. To establish laparoscopic surgery as a standard treatment for gastric cancer, multicenter randomized controlled trials to compare the short- and long-term outcomes of laparoscopic surgery versus open surgery are necessary.
Gastric Cancer 2006
PMID:Laparoscopic gastrectomy with lymph node dissection for gastric cancer. 1695 34

Previous studies about the quality of life (QOL) in stomach cancer survivors focused on selected clinical parameters and did not consider the broader implications for overall health and QOL. We evaluated the impact of demographic and treatment-related factors on the QOL of stomach cancer survivors. We asked 391 stage I-III stomach cancer survivors who had been disease-free for at least 1 year after surgery to complete a demographic questionnaire, the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer QLQ-C30 questionnaire, and its stomach module, QLQ-STO22.Survivors undergoing total gastrectomy reported greater eating restrictions than those undergoing subtotal gastrectomy. Receiving chemotherapy or radiotherapy did not significantly affect any QLQ-C30 or QLQ-STO22 scores. Role and emotional functioning improved with increasing age, and stomach-specific symptoms (pain, eating restrictions, and anxiety) lessened. Compared with female survivors, male survivors had better physical and role functioning. Smoking status was also a significant negative predictor of physical functioning and anxiety. Comorbidities and selected demographic characteristics had a greater effect than type of treatment on the QOL of post-operative stomach cancer patients.
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PMID:Health-related quality of life among disease-free stomach cancer survivors in Korea. 1703 53

We reviewed two cases of adenocarcinoma of the gastric tube used for reconstruction after esophagectomy for cancer. The first case gastric cancer was detected during follow-up by endoscopic examination. Total resection of the gastric tube and reconstruction by Roux-en-Y was performed each time. The patient was alive and disease-free 1 year after surgery. In the second case the tumor was revealed via thoracic pain. Chemotherapy, using carboplatin-5-fluorouracil, was performed because of lung metastasis but the patient died 1 year later. The incidence of gastric tube cancer after esophagectomy has recently increased in conjunction with the lengthening of survival of esophageal cancer patients. The clinical symptoms related to tumors are associated with short-term survival, whereas the cancers detected by routine endoscopy screening have occasional long-term survival. Gastrectomy is proposed for surgical treatment but the operating procedure is complex with a high morbidity rate. Lesions detected at an early stage could be treated by minimally invasive surgery such as endoscopic mucosal resection.
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PMID:Metachronous cancer of gastroplasty after esophagectomy. 1706 98

Nail changes are common side effects of taxane chemotherapeutic agents. Docetaxel (Taxotere) is known to cause a great incidence of nail change. Various types of nail changes have previously been reported as a result of treatment with taxanes. We describe 2 cases of severe nail changes induced by docetaxel. The patients had previously been diagnosed with breast cancer and advanced gastric cancer, respectively. During the course of treatment with docetaxel, nail changes became apparent in both patients. Initially, they complained of nail bed purpura. Subungual hematomas with hemopurulent discharge were later observed in several fingers. Drainage of the hemopurulent material occurred spontaneously in our cases, leading to onycholysis. Following drainage, the pain in the nail with subungual hemoprulent material was relieved immediately and spontaneous healing of the patients' nails was noticed after few months. Subungual hemorrhage and suppuration therefore are considered causes of onycholysis and the pain in these patients. Although systemic or topical antibiotics were not used to treat these patients, antibiotics may be also worthwhile to hasten the drainage of the subungual hematomas and suppuration in patients for quick relief of pain.
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PMID:Docetaxel-induced onycholysis: the role of subungual hemorrhage and suppuration. 1732 55

Capsicum-derived ingredients function as skin-conditioning agents--miscellaneous, external analgesics, flavoring agents, or fragrance components in cosmetics. These ingredients are used in 19 cosmetic products at concentrations as high as 5%. Cosmetic-grade material may be extracted using hexane, ethanol, or vegetable oil and contain the full range of phytocompounds that are found in the Capsicum annuum or Capsicum frutescens plant (aka red chiles), including Capsaicin. Aflatoxin and N-nitroso compounds (N-nitrosodimethylamine and N-nitrosopyrrolidine) have been detected as contaminants. The ultraviolet (UV) absorption spectrum for Capsicum Annuum Fruit Extract indicates a small peak at approximately 275 nm, and a gradual increase in absorbance, beginning at approximately 400 nm. Capsicum and paprika are generally recognized as safe by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for use in food. Hexane, chloroform, and ethyl acetate extracts of Capsicum Frutescens Fruit at 200 mg/kg resulted in death of all mice. In a short-term inhalation toxicity study using rats, no difference was found between vehicle control and a 7% Capsicum Oleoresin solution. In a 4-week feeding study, red chilli (Capsicum annuum) in the diet at concentrations up to 10% was relatively nontoxic in groups of male mice. In an 8-week feeding study using rats, intestinal exfoliation, cytoplasmic fatty vacuolation and centrilobular necrosis of hepatocytes, and aggregation of lymphocytes in the portal areas were seen at 10% Capsicum Frutescens Fruit, but not 2%. Rats fed 0.5 g/kg day-1 crude Capsicum Fruit Extract for 60 days exhibited no significant gross pathology at necropsy, but slight hyperemia of the liver and reddening of the gastric mucosa were observed. Weanling rats fed basal diets supplemented with whole red pepper at concentrations up to 5.0% for up to 8 weeks had no pathology of the large intestines, livers, and kidneys, but destruction of the taste buds and keratinization and erosion of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract were noted in groups fed 0.5% to 5.0% red pepper. The results of 9-and 12-month extension of this study showed normal large intestines and kidneys. In rabbits fed Capsicum Annuum Powder at 5 mg/kg day-1 in the diet daily for 12 months damage to the liver and spleen was noted. A rabbit skin irritation test of Capsicum Annuum Fruit Extract at concentrations ranging from 0.1% to 1.0% produced no irritation, but Capsicum Frutescens Fruit Extract induced concentration-dependent (at 25 to 500 microg/ml) cytotoxicity in a human buccal mucosa fibroblast cell line. An ethanol extract of red chili was mutagenic in Salmonella typhimurium TA98, but not in TA100, or in Escherichia coli. Other genotoxicity assays gave a similar pattern of mixed results. Adenocarcinoma of the abdomen was observed in 7/20 mice fed 100 mg red chilies per day for 12 months; no tumors were seen in control animals. Neoplastic changes in the liver and intestinal tumors were observed in rats fed red chili powder at 80 mg/kg day-1 for 30 days, intestinal and colon tumors were seen in rats fed red chili powder and 1,2-dimethyl hydrazine, but no tumors were observed in controls. In another study in rats, however, red chile pepper in the diet at the same dose decreased the number of tumors seen with 1,2-dimethylhydrazine. Other feeding studies evaluated the effect of red chili peppers on the incidence of stomach tumors produced by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine, finding that red pepper had a promoting effect. Capsicum Frutescens Fruit Extract promoted the carcinogenic effect of methyl(acetoxymethyl)nitrosamine (carcinogen) or benzene hexachloride (hepatocarcinogen) in inbred male and female Balb/c mice dosed orally (tongue application). Clinical findings include symptoms of cough, sneezing, and runny nose in chili factory workers. Human respiratory responses to Capsicum Oleoresin spray include burning of the throat, wheezing, dry cough, shortness of breath, gagging, gasping, inability to breathe or speak, and, rarely, cyanosis, apnea, and respiratory arrest. A trade name mixture containing 1% to 5% Capsicum Frutescens Fruit Extract induced very slight erythema in 1 of 10 volunteers patch tested for 48 h. Capsicum Frutescens Fruit Extract at 0.025% in a repeated-insult patch test using 103 subjects resulted in no clinically meaningful irritation or allergic contact dermatitis. One epidemiological study indicated that chili pepper consumption may be a strong risk factor for gastric cancer in populations with high intakes of chili pepper; however, other studies did not find this association. Capsaicin functions as an external analgesic, a fragrance ingredient, and as a skin-conditioning agent--miscellaneous in cosmetic products, but is not in current use. Capsaicin is not generally recognized as safe and effective by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for fever blister and cold sore treatment, but is considered to be safe and effective as an external analgesic counterirritant. Ingested Capsaicin is rapidly absorbed from the stomach and small intestine in animal studies. Subcutaneous injection of Capsaicin in rats resulted in a rise in the blood concentration, reaching a maximum at 5 h; the highest tissue concentrations were in the kidney and lowest in the liver. In vitro percutaneous absorption of Capsaicin has been demonstrated in human, rat, mouse, rabbit, and pig skin. Enhancement of the skin permeation of naproxen (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent) in the presence of Capsaicin has also been demonstrated. Pharmacological and physiological studies demonstrated that Capsaicin, which contains a vanillyl moiety, produces its sensory effects by activating a Ca2 +-permeable ion channel on sensory neurons. Capsaicin is a known activator of vanilloid receptor 1. Capsaicin-induced stimulation of prostaglandin biosynthesis has been shown using bull seminal vesicles and rheumatoid arthritis synoviocytes. Capsaicin inhibits protein synthesis in Vero kidney cells and human neuroblastoma SHSY-5Y cells in vitro, and inhibits growth of E. coli, Pseudomonas solanacearum, and Bacillus subtilis bacterial cultures, but not Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Oral LD50 values as low as 161.2 mg/kg (rats) and 118.8 mg/kg (mice) have been reported for Capsaicin in acute oral toxicity studies, with hemorrhage of the gastric fundus observed in some of the animals that died. Intravenous, intraperitoneal, and subcutaneous LD50 values were lower. In subchronic oral toxicity studies using mice, Capsaicin produced statistically significant differences in the growth rate and liver/body weight increases. Capsaicin is an ocular irritant in mice, rats, and rabbits. Dose-related edema was observed in animals receiving Capsaicin injections into the hindpaw (rats) or application to the ear (mice). In guinea pigs, dinitrochlorobenzene contact dermatitis was enhanced in the presence of Capsaicin, injected subcutaneously, whereas dermal application inhibited sensitization in mice. Immune system effects have been observed in neonatal rats injected subcutaneously with Capsaicin. Capsaicin produced mixed results in S. typhimurium micronucleus and sister-chromatid exchange genotoxicity assays. Positive results for Capsaicin were reported in DNA damage assays. Carcinogenic, cocarcinogenic, anticarcinogenic, antitumorigenic, tumor promotion, and anti-tumor promotion effects of Capsaicin have been reported in animal studies. Except for a significant reduction in crown-rump length in day 18 rats injected subcutaneously with Capsaicin (50 mg/kg) on gestation days 14, 16, 18, or 20, no reproductive or developmental toxicity was noted. In pregnant mice dosed subcutaneously with Capsaicin, depletion of substance P in the spinal cord and peripheral nerves of pregnant females and fetuses was noted. In clinical tests, nerve degeneration of intracutaneous nerve fibers and a decrease in pain sensation induced by heat and mechanical stimuli were evident in subjects injected intradermally with Capsaicin. An increase in mean inspiratory flow was reported for eight normal subjects who inhaled nebulized 10(-7) M Capsaicin. The results of provocative and predictive tests involving human subjects indicated that Capsaicin is a skin irritant. Overall, studies suggested that these ingredients can be irritating at low concentrations. Although the genotoxicity, carcinogenicity, and tumor promotion potential of Capsaicin have been demonstrated, so have opposite effects. Skin irritation and other tumor-promoting effects of Capsaicin appear to be mediated through interaction with the same vanilloid receptor. Given this mechanism of action and the observation that many tumor promoters are irritating to the skin, the Panel considered it likely that a potent tumor promoter may also be a moderate to severe skin irritant. Thus, a limitation on Capsaicin content that would significantly reduce its skin irritation potential is expected to, in effect, lessen any concerns relating to tumor promotion potential. Because Capsaicin enhanced the penetration of an anti-inflammatory agent through human skin, the Panel recommends that care should be exercised in using ingredients that contain Capsaicin in cosmetic products. The Panel advised industry that the total polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB)/pesticide contamination should be limited to not more than 40 ppm, with not more than 10 ppm for any specific residue, and agreed on the following limitations for other impurities: arsenic (3 mg/kg max), heavy metals (0.002% max), and lead (5 mg/kg max). Industry was also advised that aflatoxin should not be present in these ingredients (the Panel adopted < or =15 ppb as corresponding to "negative" aflatoxin content), and that ingredients derived from Capsicum annuum and Capsicum Frutescens Plant species should not be used in products where N-nitroso compounds may be formed. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED)
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PMID:Final report on the safety assessment of capsicum annuum extract, capsicum annuum fruit extract, capsicum annuum resin, capsicum annuum fruit powder, capsicum frutescens fruit, capsicum frutescens fruit extract, capsicum frutescens resin, and capsaicin. 1736 37


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