Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0024623 (gastric cancer)
 36,219 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An early phase II study of tegafur-uracil (UFT) combined with cisplatin (CDDP) was conducted in patients with advanced gastric cancer. UFT was administered orally for 28 consecutive days at a dose of 400 mg/m2 and CDDP was injected intravenously for 3 day at a dose of 30 mg/m2 over 8 hours every 4 weeks. This treatment cycle was repeated every 4 weeks. Sixteen patients were enrolled in this study and 14 patients could be evaluated for clinical response and toxicity. Based on the results of extramural review, 6 of 14 patients achieved a partial response and the response rate was 42.9%. High grade toxicities (WHO grade 3 or 4), specifically anorexia, nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, and leukocytopenia, were seen in 5, 2, 3 and 2 patients, respectively. The overall median survival time was 347 days (11.4 months) for evaluated patients. Although these results are preliminary, this regimen does appear to be effective in terms of tumor response and survival. Larger patient numbers in a Phase II study and further studies to evaluate survival are awaited.
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PMID:[Combination chemotherapy with tegafur-uracil (UFT) and cisplatin (CDDP) for advanced gastric cancer. UFTP Study Group]. 766 70

The extent to which the different resections relieve the symptoms of gastric cancer is poorly defined. The symptoms of 57 consecutive patients undergoing standard resection of gastric adenocarcinoma by oesophagogastrectomy (n = 19), total gastrectomy [16] or partial gastrectomy [22] were studied prospectively. Common symptoms were relieved in 80% of cases and this was independent of tumour stage. Symptoms were significantly more frequent after total gastrectomy than after partial gastrectomy or oesophagogastrectomy, the difference being attributable principally to the development of new symptoms after total gastrectomy. While abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting were largely relieved by resection, dyspepsia or dysphagia worsened in 31% of patients following surgery, especially total gastrectomy (P < 0.05). Resection relieves the symptoms of gastric cancer adequately but outcome is influenced by operation type. As total gastrectomy gives a poorer symptomatic outcome, it should be avoided when the performance of an alternative procedure does not compromise established principles of resection.
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PMID:Symptomatic outcome following resection of gastric cancer. 778 Jun 11

Thirty-seven eligible patients, median age 59 years (range 37-72) and median performance status 1 (0-2), with advanced, untreated, measurable gastric carcinoma were given docetaxel, 100 mg m-2 i.v. over 60 min without premedication, once every 3 weeks. Metastatic sites included the liver in 12 patients and retroperitoneal lymph nodes in 16. Eight of the 33 evaluable patients (24%) achieved a partial remission for a median of 7.5 months (3-11+). An additional 11 patients had stabilisation of disease. The patients received a median of four cycles of docetaxel (range 1-8) for a total of 156 courses. Dose reduction was necessary in 30 cycles; 14 cycles were delayed a mean of 3 days. Haematological toxicity consisted mainly of non-cumulative neutropenia, with a median nadir count of 0.35 x 10(9) l-1 (0.04-1.64) and eight episodes (5%) of leucopenic fever; non-haematological toxicities included alopecia, mild nausea and vomiting and allergic manifestations such as skin rash and pruritus. There were no drug-related deaths. Our data indicate that docetaxel is an active agent in advanced gastric cancer; further clinical investigations seem warranted.
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PMID:Docetaxel (Taxotere) in advanced gastric cancer: results of a phase II clinical trial. EORTC Early Clinical Trials Group. 791 19

Peritoneal dissemination is one of the leading causes of death among the gastric cancer patients. To improve the prognosis of these patients, we employed intraperitoneal repeated chemotherapy by intraperitoneal catheter with a reservoir implanted subcutaneously at the initial operation in 10 patients with peritoneal dissemination. At the initial operation, CDDP (50 or 100mg body), diluted in warm saline (total, 1,000ml), was administered intraperitoneally. Three to four weeks later, 50 to 70 mg/m2 of CDDP with saline was injected via the device, followed by 5-days of continuous intravenous administration of 5-FU (250 to 350 mg/m2). This therapy was repeated at 3- to 4-week intervals. One to seven cycles were used in this study. Among the highly disseminated cases, four of eight patients were alive more than one year, two died of cancer within four months and 2 are under treatment. Therapeutic toxicity was manifested as anorexia, nausea and vomiting. All the laboratory data were better than Grade 2 level. Thus, intraperitoneal repeated chemotherapy by CDDP is a safe and effective treatment for patients with peritoneal dissemination.
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PMID:[Intraperitoneal chemotherapy for gastric carcinoma combined with peritoneal dissemination by intraperitoneal catheter with a subcutaneous reservoir]. 794 89

The therapeutic efficacy and toxicity of sequential methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil in 64 inoperable gastric cancer patients are reported. An intermediate-dose treatment was given to 48 patients, and a low-dose treatment to 16 patients. In the intermediate-dose treatment, leukopenia was observed in 11 patients, nausea and vomiting in six patients and diarrhea and stomatitis in two patients each. In the low-dose treatment, no patient developed toxic symptoms of grade 3 or 4. All 9 responders had adenocarcinoma of the poorly differentiated type and the response rate in patients who belonged to this type was 32.1%.
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PMID:Therapeutic efficacy and toxicity of sequential methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil in gastric cancer. 806 96

In the present multi-center cooperative phase II study, in which 16 institutions participated, PJ-203 and mitomycin C were concomitantly infused into the hepatic artery of patients with metastatic liver cancer and the tumor response and safety of the combined therapy were examined. Of 81 patients treated with PJ-203, 52 patients were complete cases in which bidimensionally measurable lesions could be assessed for anticancer effect in accordance with the Direct Evaluation Criteria of Chemotherapy. The number of treatments given to the complete cases until the assessment of therapeutic effect ranged from 1 to 11 times, with the mean of 3.1 times. The overall response rate was 48.1% (25/52). The response rate for each primary lesion was 68.8% (11/16) for stomach cancer, 40.7% (11/27) for colorectal cancer and 33.3% (3/9) for other types of cancer including the gallbladder. The 25 patients with CR or PR, a 50% decrease in tumor size was confirmed after the treatment ranged from 1 to 5 times, with the treatment periods of 2 to 3 weeks. Adverse reactions were found in 56 (69.1%) out of 81 patients assessed for safety. Relatively frequent symptoms were pain in 49.4% (40/81), nausea and vomiting in 33.3% (27/81), fever in 30.9% (25/81) and anorexia in 6.2% (5/81). Principal abnormal laboratory values included a transient elevation of GOT (26.3%), GPT (22.5%), LDH (12.7%) and Al-p (8.8%). Blockade of blood flow could be observed by angiography when the amount of PJ-203 infused was in the range from 180 to 900 mg as degradable starch microspheres. The blood flow blockade could be observed most frequently at the amount of 600 mg (37.7%). The period attaining over 50% of tumor response in 25 complete cases was 42 days as a median. After the treatment was initiated in 81 patients, 50% survival duration and one-year survival rate averaged 277 days and 35.7%, respectively. The corresponding figures for each primary cancer were 419 days and 51.0% for patients with liver cancer metastasized from colorectal cancer, against 239 days and 11.8% for those with liver cancer metastasized from stomach cancer.
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PMID:[Multi-center cooperative phase II study of combined infusion of PJ-203 (degradable starch microspheres) into hepatic artery in metastatic liver cancer]. 821 76

Intermittent intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy (5-FU: 500 mg and carboplatin; 100 mg per week) using an implantable access was performed for 19 patients with unresectable liver metastasis of colon cancer (17 cases) and gastric cancer (2 cases). Survival time ranged from 12 to 641 days, and the average was 281.4 days with 50% survival at 276 days. Of 19 cases, one access was infected, two cases had catheter obstruction, and two cases had nausea and vomiting.
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PMID:[Intermittent intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy of 5-FU and carboplatin for unresectable liver metastases]. 837 11

In order to evaluate the results on successful adjuvant chemotherapy in resected gastric cancer we performed a randomised trial on 134 patients in two arms: a control one with no further treatment after surgery versus a treatment arm given mitomycin-C (MMC), 20 mg/m2 intravenously one day every 6 weeks for four courses, starting before the sixth week after surgery. The median follow-up was 105 months. In the control arm, 49 out of 66 patients died due to recurrence, versus 40 out of 68 patients in treatment arm. Actuarial survival curve was statistically significant (P < 0.025) in favour of the treatment group. Liver metastases were lower in adjuvant group than in the control group (8/68 versus 19/66). Toxicity was mild. Main toxic effects were thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, nausea and vomiting. A pelvis renal cancer as a second malignancy 8 years after gastric cancer was observed. In that particular case MMC was given after surgery. We conclude that adjuvant chemotherapy based on MMC given in the early period after surgery, improves survival rate in gastric cancer resected patients.
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PMID:Positive results of adjuvant mitomycin-C in resected gastric cancer: a randomised trial on 134 patients. 839 30

Between January 1986 and August 1991, 19 patients with alimentary tract cancers complicated by peritoneal dissemination received whole abdominal irradiation combined with intraperitoneal chemotherapy postoperatively. Using a moving-strip technique of irradiation, 12.0 Gy was delivered in three fractions to the entire abdominal contents with partial liver and kidney shielding. The primary tumor sites were the stomach in 12 patients, the colorectum in five, and the gall bladder in two. Nine patients with gross residual disease also received a limited field boost of 30.6 Gy in 17 fractions after completion of treatment to the whole abdomen. None of the patients failed to complete the planned dose despite acute gastrointestinal toxicity (nausea and vomiting, 84%, diarrhea and cramping, 78%) and acute hematologic toxicity (leukocytopenia, 84%, thrombocytopenia, 68%). Our follow-up study revealed that the actuarial one-year survival rate was 28.4% and the median survival time was 9.0 months. Survival rates at one-year for patients with colorectal and gastric cancer were 75.0% and 16.7%, respectively. Patients with gastric cancer (n = 12) had a poorer outcome than those with colorectal cancer (n = 5) in the present study. One reason for this difference may have been the presence of cancerous pleuritis, which was frequently observed in patients with gastric cancer. Therefore, more intensive treatment to prevent cancerous pleuritis seems to be necessary to improve the efficacy of whole abdominal irradiation.
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PMID:[Whole abdominal irradiation for peritoneal dissemination of alimentary tract cancers]. 853 7

Leucovorin (LV) enhances the activity of 5-fluorouracil (5FU). Based on these data, we performed a randomized trial with 5FU, epirubicin (EPI), mitomycin C(MMC) with/ without LV in advanced gastric cancer (AGC). The purpose of our study was to investigate if the addition of LV improved the response rate of the combination 5FU EPI, MMC (FEM) over FEM. From January 1988 until April 1994, 88 patients with recurrent or metastatic AGC were randomly received 5FU, EPI, MMC with (group A) or without (group B) LV. Between the two arms of the study no difference was noticed in sex, performance status, primary site of tumor, and lymph node metastases. Therapy included group A (5FU 600 mg/m2/day, i.v. bolus, on days 1, 8, 29, 36, and EPI 45 mg/m2/day, i.v. bolus, on days 1 and 29, MMC 10 mg/m2/day, i.v. bolus, on day 1) and group B (the same as group A plus LV 200 mg/m2/day by 2 h intravenous infusion with 5FU intravenous push at midinfusion). No significant difference in response rate was noticed between the two treatment arms; there were two (5%) patients with complete response in group A, and five (12%) in A and 11 (26%) partial responders in group B (p < 0.1). A significantly higher number of patients achieving stable disease was observed in group B; 19 (44%) in comparison to group A 10 (24%) (p < 0.048). There were more patients with progressive disease in group A 25 (59%) than in group B 12 (28%) (p < 0.003) (Table 2). No difference was noted in mean duration of response: group A, 15.8 (6-31) weeks; and group B, 17.6 (6-28) weeks. The mean time to progression was for group A [11.4 (6-35) weeks] and for group B [17.6 (8-33) weeks]. Mean survival was for group A [27.4 (12-59) weeks] and for group B [30.6 (17-53) weeks], for 50% of patients. Causes of death were, for group A, 40 patients from disease progression and two sudden deaths; for group B, causes of death were for 41 patients disease progression and two sudden deaths. There were two patients in group A and one in group B that were not evaluable because they abandoned therapy after the first cycle. Toxicity was increased in group B; anemia, nausea and vomiting, and alopecia (p < 0.055) were more severe in group B, but not statistically different when compared to group A. Neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, mucositis, and fatigue of any grade were significantly more common and severe in group B. Significant dose reductions due to toxicity were required more commonly in group B. We conclude that the response rate was increased in the schedule with the addition of LV, at the cost of increased toxicity and with no difference in survival. A randomized trial comparing FEM-LV with new generation regimens would determine whether the addition of LV qualifies FAM equally active with these.
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PMID:5-Fluorouracil, epirubicin, and mitomycin C versus 5-fluorouracil, epirubicin, mitomycin C, and leucovorin in advanced gastric carcinoma. A randomized trial. 882 83


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