Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0024623 (gastric cancer)
 36,219 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Four hundred twenty-two patients with gastric ulcer treated during 1950-1960 were followed up to 25 years with a mean followup of 9 years. Nonoperative treatment was used in 59% with a hospital mortality of 35%, one-third of these deaths being directly due to gastric ulcer perforation or hemorrhage. Operative treatment was used in 41% of patients. The most common operation (86%) was gastric resection without vagotomy. Overall operative mortality was 16%; 34% for emergency procedures and 6% for elective procedures. Cachexia seemed to be the most important factor related to operative mortality. Nonoperative treatment resulted in more than twice the hospital mortality compared to operative treatment. Approximately one-half of all patients treated non-operatively had a recurrent gastric ulcer at some time during this study. The recurrence rate following definitive gastric resection was 1.3% compared with 16% during nonoperative therapy. Three-fourths of recurrences occurred later than two years and nearly half of recurrences after more than 5 years of followup. Patients with a prior history of overt bleeding from gastric ulcer disease particularly were at risk for further bleeding. There were coincidental duodenal ulcers in 10% of our patients and a 0.8% incidence of gastric cancer during followup. Long term followup demonstrates the superiority of operative treatment of gastric ulcer and also reveals the continuous propensity of such ulcers to recurrence following nonoperative treatment. Earlier elective operation in patients with overt bleeding, recurrence or persisting symptoms should decrease overall mortality and result in a lower overall long-term risk of ulcer complications.
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PMID:Prognosis of gastric ulcer: twenty-five year followup. 101 91

From April 1987 to October 1989, 32 patients with mitral stenosis (MS) were treated, of whom percutaneous transvenous mitral commissurotomy (PTMC) was performed in 14. PTMC was indicated by the surgeons in 5 patients including 1) 2 patients who refused reoperation, 2) one with early gastric cancer, 3) one with severe hyperthyroidism and cardiac cachexia, and 4) one with acute renal failure and aortic stenosis. In the other 9 patients, PTMC was indicated by the cardiologists, because it is less invasive. Thirteen patients underwent open mitral commissurotomy (OMC) and 5 patients were treated with mitral valve replacement (MVR). PTMC group: Symptoms were alleviated in 10 of 14. The mitral valve areas (MVA) changed from 1.03 +/- 0.47 cm2 to 1.90 +/- 0.67 cm2 (p < 0.001), and the mean pressure gradient between the left atrium and left ventricle decreased from 10.2 +/- 3.6 mmHg to 4.9 +/- 1.7 mmHg (p < 0.001). No significant mitral valve regurgitation (MR) was induced by PTMC. OMC group: Symptomatic improvement was observed in all patients. The MVA changed from 1.54 +/- 0.46 cm2 to 3.06 +/- 1.34 cm2 (p < 0.001) and the mean left atrial pressures were reduced from 17.6 +/- 7.8 mmHg to 10.5 +/- 4.2 mmHg (p < 0.001). MVR group: There was one hospital death, and the other 4 patients were discharged with satisfactory results. It is concluded that although PTMC has been routinely performed for mild cases, this method is also very helpful in treating patients having various complications which impede open heart surgery.
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PMID:[Percutaneous transvenous mitral commissurotomy in managing rheumatic mitral stenosis]. 184 50

The aim of the present study was to investigate hypothalamic-pituitary function, pituitary-thyroid function as well as pituitary-adrenal function in cancer patients. 1. Hypothalamic-pituitary function: We already reported a tumor-related paradoxical increase of serum growth hormone (GH) in oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and TRH test, which seemed to be due to changes in pituitary GH cell, not hypothalamus. The high incidence of the paradoxical increase of GH in OGTT was found in patients with hepatocellular cancer and pancreatic cancer, whereas in TRH test it was observed in patients with pancreatic, colonic and gastric cancer. The highly sensitive GH enzyme immunoassay demonstrated in 12 non-responder patients in OGTT a significant reduction of serum GH at 30 minutes compared to basal values. 2. Pituitary-thyroid function: We already demonstrated that a high incidence of low T3 syndrome in elderly cancer patients compared to younger patients and metabolic changes in glucose must be involved in the pathogenesis. In addition, this syndrome is significantly related to prognosis. There were no significant changes in thyroid function before and after curative operation for tumors except in patients with poor prognosis. 3. Pituitary-adrenal function: It was shown that cancer cachexia is characterized by hypercortisolemia, which must be due to a defect of negative feedback control.
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PMID:[Fundamental and clinical studies of changes in endocrine conditions in cancer patients]. 210 9

During from April 1987 to October 1988, 13 cases of mitral stenosis (MS) were treated with percutaneous transvenous mitral commissurotomy (PTMC) among 24 cases of MS. The indications of PTMC were determined by surgeons in 4 cases with several reasons described as follows: 1. Patient, having been treated with closed mitral commissurotomy, who refused to be operated with open heart technique. 2. Patient associated with early gastric cancer. 3. Patient associated with severe hyperthyroidism and cardiac cachexia. 4. Patients suffering from acute renal failure following left heart failure due to association of aortic stenosis. Other 9 cases were determined by cardiologist because of the inherent benefit of PTMC being less invasive. After PTMC, the symptomatic improvement, assessed by means of NYHA classification, were observed in 11 cases out of 13. Hemodynamic data such as mitral valvular area, mitral valve gradient and cardiac index showed marked improvement without any inducing of significant mitral regurgitation. The authors thought with these results as follows: 1. The effect of PTMC may be appreciable for mild or moderate stenotic lesion of mitral orifice, however, severely affected valves should be treated by open heart techniques in order to perform radical procedures. Otherwise, significant MR may occur by overloading of balloon size beyond some extent. 2. On account of the appearance of PTMC, the indicational determination for the treatment of MS will be more controvertial than now.
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PMID:[Interest of percutaneous transvenous mitral commissurotomy in the management of rheumatic mitral stenosis]. 258 72

To investigate the effect of remote and proximate cancer on hepatic protein metabolism, we determined rates of total protein synthesis by hepatocytes (HPS) isolated from 31 patients undergoing liver wedge biopsy: 7 patients with benign disease, 14 with gastric cancer, and 10 with colorectal cancer (5 of whom had liver metastases). Patients with malignant disease without weight loss had a threefold higher rate of total HPS (4,980 +/- 814 pmol/h per 10(5) viable cells) than patients with benign disease without weight loss (1,278 +/- 318 pmol/h per 10(5) viable cells, P less than 0.001). Among the patients with gastric cancer, eight with preoperative weight loss had lower rates of HPS (380 +/- 90 pmol/h per 10(5) viable cells) than those without weight loss (4,061 +/- 401 pmol/h per 10(5) viable cells, P less than 0.002). The highest rates of HPS were seen in patients with colorectal cancer with liver metastases (8,005 +/- 1,975 pmol/h per 10(5) viable cells) vs. colorectal cancer patients without liver metastases (3,060 +/- 575 pmol/h per 10(5) viable cells, P less than 0.03). These data indicate that modulation of hepatic protein synthesis occurs in malignancy in man. However, the stimulatory influence of the tumor-bearing state may be overridden by the inhibitory effects of cachexia.
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PMID:Protein synthesis in hepatocytes isolated from patients with gastrointestinal malignancy. 368 May 2

In an attempt to define the mechanism of weight loss in cancer patients, fat and carbohydrate oxidation rates were calculated in 93 patients. Seventy patients with colorectal or gastric cancer were compared with a control group of 23 patients with nonmalignant illness. Twenty-seven patients with cancer and 13 control patients had lost more than 10% of their pre-illness body weight. Fat and carbohydrate oxidation rates were derived from measurements of oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide production, and urinary nitrogen excretion. Patients with cancer had significantly higher fat oxidation rates (p less than 0.01) and significantly lower carbohydrate oxidation rates (p less than 0.05) when compared with controls. Weight-losing cancer patients had significantly higher fat oxidation rates when compared with weight-stable cancer patients (p less than 0.02), weight-stable controls (p less than 0.01), and weight-losing controls (p less than 0.02). Cancer patients with liver metastases (N = 14) had significantly higher fat oxidation rates (p less than 0.01) and significantly lower carbohydrate oxidation rates (p less than 0.01) compared with cancer patients who had localized disease. There were no significant differences among the groups with respect to resting energy expenditure when expressed as kilocalorie per kilogram lean body mass per day. The presence of cancer appears to be associated with abnormal fat and carbohydrate metabolism. The increased rate of fat oxidation seen in patients with cancer, especially those with weight loss or liver metastases, may be a significant factor in the development of cancer cachexia.
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PMID:The oxidation of body fuel stores in cancer patients. 378 35

A 61 year old male with a high serum alpha-fetoprotein level (2750 ng/ml) is reported. He had undergone curative surgery for early gastric cancer in June 1979, and palliative resection of a primary rectal lesion in December 1981. The postoperative alpha-fetoprotein level decreased to 1300 ng/ml but gradually increased despite the intraarterial infusion of 5-FU (9.25g) and Mitomycin-C (30 mg). He died of cachexia in February 1982. Histological examination revealed moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma; alpha-fetoprotein positive substances were found in the cytoplasm of rectal cancer cells by the enzyme labeled antibody method(peroxidase-antiperoxidase immune complex method). This rectal cancer patient had multiple primary cancers and gastric cancer.
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PMID:[Case of rectal cancer with high level of serum alpha-fetoprotein]. 619 63

A 71-year-old man with characteristic clinical and pathological pictures of Cronkhite-Canada syndrome associated with gastric cancer is presented. Histological examinations of gastric and colonic polyps which resembled juvenile type revealed no malignant cells. The patient slowly recovered after subtotal gastrectomy and elemental diet supplement with antiplasmin agents. As for as is known to the authors, a total of 69 cases with this syndrome were reported in Japan including our patient. Of these cases 8 had cancer of the gastrointestinal tract. Two of them, including our case, had gastric cancer. Another one was associated with gastric cancer but not intestinal polyposis. The remaining 5 cases were associated with colonic cancer. Caution must be paid to the fact that cachexia or malabsorption in some patients with this syndrome results from gastrointestinal malignancy. The prognosis of this syndrome consisted of 20 deaths including 2 postoperative deaths, 33 of improvement including 4 of natural remission and 4 of remission after gastrectomy or colectomy, 7 unchanged and the remainder not described.
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PMID:Cronkhite-canada syndrome associated with gastric cancer: report of a case. 687 99

Nineteen patients diagnosed with peritoneal carcinomatosis were treated by in-home chemotherapy over a period of four years from August, 1990 to July, 1994. Primary diagnoses of the four male and 15 female patients included 12 cases gastric cancer (four males, eight females), five cases of ovarian cancer, one case (female) of appendicular cancer, and one case (female) of breast cancer. In addition to oral administration of UFT-E and 5'-DFUR, chemotherapy included weekly intravenous injection of a massive dose of 5-FU (1,000 mg/m2), subselective intraaortic infusion and intraperitoneal infusion using a reservoir. These methods were used individually and in combination. The drugs used included 5-FU, CBDCA, CPA, THP, and EPIR. Subselective intraaortic infusion was performed by low dose continuous infusion using the Baxter infusor multiday type. Six gastric cancer patients lived normally for over one year, while four died in less than a year. All ovarian and appendicular cancer patients were CR, the breast cancer patient was PR. Ten patients continued working at their jobs while receiving at home chemotherapy treatments. Diuretics were used to alleviats ascites. Although there were no side effects on digestive organs, 5-FU and CBDCA were mixed with 100 mg hydrocortisone in the infusor to improve cachexia, and promote appetite and activity. Bone marrow suppression was very slight at these dosages, and weekly checkups were adequate. The at-home rate (number of days at home/entire period since onset) of all patients was 78%.
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PMID:[Home chemotherapy for peritoneal carcinomatosis]. 780 51

With patients registered in a Phase II study of 5'-DFUR, we analyzed the results of survival and laboratory findings. The 50% survival days in patients with gastric cancer included: 371 days in all evaluable patients; 912 days in patients of CR+PR; 484 days in MR+NC; and 158 days in PD. On the other hand, those in patients with colorectal cancer were: 467 days in all evaluable patients; 1,308 days (66.7% survival) in CR+PR; 586 days in MR+NC; and 276 days in PD. The figures in patients with breast cancer were: 1,761 days (58.5% survival) in all evaluable patients; 1,761 days (82.1% survival) in CR+PR; 878 days in MR+NC; and 546 days in PD. These 50% survivals were markedly longer than for other anti-cancer drugs given singly or in combination, although response rates with other drugs were higher than with 5'-DFUR. Laboratory findings in patients with gastric and colorectal cancers given 5'-DFUR disclosed many cases with improved levels of blood cells and liver function. There was a correlation between improved laboratory findings and survival. Furthermore, in animal experiments 5'-DFUR improves cancer cachexia. This is thought to be related to the improved survival and laboratory findings. We concluded that the prolonged survival observed in our study was related to reduction in cancer cachexia and improved laboratory findings.
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PMID:[Survival and changes of clinical laboratory data in phase II study with 5'-DFUR]. 868 16


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