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Query: UMLS:C0024623 (gastric cancer)
 36,219 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Two cell lines, Kuramochi and CKS, established from human ovarian cancer, were analyzed in vitro drug sensitivity to Mitomycin C and Carboquone. These values were compared to those of eight human gastric cancer cell lines composed of various histological types. The CKS cell line, derived from serious cystadenocarcinoma, was less sensitive to both test-drugs than the groups of gastric cancer cell lines. Therapeutic indices of the two drugs were very low. So it was considered that the two drugs were unsuitable to chemotherapy to serous cystadenocarcinoma. The Kuramochi cell line, derived from undifferentiated carcinoma, was less sensitive to Mitomycin C than the groups of gastric cancer cell line. However, it was as sensitive to Carboquone as high-sensitive gastric cancer cell lines. Therapeutic index of the Carboquone in the undifferentiated carcinoma was high. So it was considered that Carboquone was suitable to chemotherapy to undifferentiated adenocarcinoma. The cytocydal actions of the two drugs were dependent upon dose and time. Time-dependency was, however, smaller in Carboquone than in Mitomycin C.
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PMID:[Quantitative analysis on in vitro drug sensitivity of cultured human ovarian cancer cell lines (author's transl)]. 706 45

Human tumor stem cell assay is an in vitro colony-forming technique. Double soft agar layers are used for culture tumor cells and cell lethality is judged by the numbers of colony formation in this assay. Single-cell suspension made from various malignant materials in cancer patients is placed in culture after exposing to various anticancer agents for one hour and incubated for two weeks. Antitumor effects of various anticancer agents against individual patients are evaluated by % inhibition of colony formation. Of 57 tumor specimens 42 (74%) formed at least five colonies per plate (per 0.5 x 10(6) cells). The colony-forming rates of various malignancies are as follows: breast cancer 14/15 (93%), ovarian cancer 8/10 (80%), stomach cancer 5/13 (38%), sarcoma 4/5 (80%), lung cancer 1/4 (25%), colon cancer 3/3, each of pancreas cancer, leukemia and primary unknown adenocarcinoma 2/2, malignant lymphoma 1/1. The median plating efficiency (number of colonies/number of nucleated cells plated) is 0.02% (range: 0.001-0.3%). High correlation between human tumor stem cell assay results and response of an individual patient's tumor to chemotherapy is reported by Salmon and Von Hoff. Human tumor stem cell assay is useful tool for the high prediction of chemosensitivity response.
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PMID:[Human tumor stem cell assay]. 718 17

We have utilized a recently developed human tumor cloning system to screen for antitumor effects in vitro of a new anthracenedione derivative, Mitoxantrone. The object was to determine if the system is useful for pinpointing the types of tumors in patients which should be studied in early Phase II clinical trials. Tumors from 267 patients were placed in culture (20 different histological tumor types). One hundred seventy tumors both grew and formed enough colonies for drug sensitivity assays. Excellent in vitro antitumor activity was noted for Mitoxantrone against human adenocarcinoma of the lung, small cell lung cancer, melanoma, and biliary tree cancer. Good antitumor activity was noted against breast cancer, ovarian cancer, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, head and neck cancer, squamous cell lung cancer, soft tissue sarcoma, gastric cancer, and hepatomas. The drug showed no in vitro activity against colon cancer. These data indicate that Mitoxantrone has a wide spectrum of in vitro antitumor activity. A comparison of these in vitro results with the results of Phase II clinical trials with the drug should allow an evaluation of the utility of the human tumor cloning system for predicting clinical antitumor activity of a new compound.
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PMID:Activity of mitoxantrone in a human tumor cloning system. 721 52

We have utilized a recently developed human tumor cloning system to screen for antitumor effects in vitro of a new anthracene derivative, CL216,942. The object was to determine whether the system is useful for pinpointing the types of tumors in patients which should be studied in early phase II clinical trials. Tumors from 684 patients were placed in culture (27 different histologic tumor types). Two hundred seventy-three tumors both grew and formed enough colonies for drug sensitivity assays. In vitro antitumor activity was noted for CL216,942 against human breast cancer, ovarian cancer, renal cancer, squamous cell, small cell and large cell lung cancer, lymphoma, acute myelogenous leukemia, melanoma, adenocarcinoma of unknown origin, adrenal cancer, gastric cancer, pancreatic cancer, and head and neck cancer. The drug definitely showed no in vitro activity against colon cancer. These data indicate that CL216,942 has a wide spectrum of in vitro antitumor activity. A comparison of these in vitro results with the results of phase II clinical trials with the drug should allow an evaluation of the utility of the human cloning system for predicting clinical activity of a new compound.
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PMID:Activity of 9-10 anthracenedicarboxaldehyde bis[(4,5-dihydro-1 H-imidazol-2-yl)hydrazone]dihydrochloride (CL216,942) in a human tumor cloning system. Leads for phase II trials in man. 730 32

CPT-11, a semisynthetic derivative of camptothecin, exhibited strong antitumor activity against lymphoma, lung cancer, colorectal cancer, gastric cancer, ovarian cancer, and cervical cancer. CPT-11 is a pro-drug that is converted to an active metabolite, SN-38, in vivo by enzymes such as carboxylesterase. We synthesized a water-soluble and non-pro-drug analog of camptothecin, DX-8951f. It showed both high in vitro potency against a series of 32 malignant cell lines and significant topoisomerase I inhibition. The anti-proliferative activity of DX-8951f, as indicated by the mean GI50 value, was about 6 and 28 times greater than that of SN-38 or SK&F 10486-A (Topotecan), respectively. These three derivatives of camptothecin showed similar patterns of differential response among 32 cell lines, that is, their spectra of in vitro cytotoxicity were almost the same. The antitumor activity of three doses of DX-8951f administered i.v. at 4-day intervals against human gastric adenocarcinoma SC-6 xenografts was greater than that of CPT-11 or SK&F 10486-A. Moreover, it overcame P-glycoprotein-mediated multi-drug resistance. These data suggest that DX-8951f has a high antitumor activity and is a potential therapeutic agent.
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PMID:A new water-soluble camptothecin derivative, DX-8951f, exhibits potent antitumor activity against human tumors in vitro and in vivo. 755 2

Risk of cancer mortality from 1973 to 1985 in persons born in the Indian subcontinent who migrated to England and Wales was analysed by ethnicity, and compared with cancer mortality in the England and Wales native population, using data from England and Wales death certificates. There were substantial highly significant raised risks in Indian ethnic migrants for cancers of the mouth and pharynx, gall bladder, and liver in each sex, larynx and thyroid in males, and oesophagus in females. There were also substantial raised risks in these migrants of each sex for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and myeloma. For the mouth and pharynx, and liver in each sex, and gall bladder in females, there were also raised risks of lesser magnitude in British ethnic migrants. For colon and rectal cancer and cutaneous melanoma in each sex, ovarian cancer in women and bladder cancer in men, there were appreciable significantly reduced risks in the Indian ethnic migrants not shared by those of British ethnicity. Appreciable raised risks in British ethnic migrants not shared by those of Indian ethnicity occurred for nasopharyngeal cancer in males, soft tissue malignancy in both sexes and non-melanoma skin cancer in males. In migrants of both ethnicities there were appreciable significantly raised risks in each sex for leukaemia and decreased risks in each sex for gastric cancer, for lung cancer except in females of British ethnicity and in males for testicular cancer. The results suggest the need for public health measures to combat the high risks of oral and pharyngeal cancers and liver cancer in the Indian ethnic immigrant population of England and Wales, by prevention of betel quid chewing and hepatitis transmission respectively. The data also imply that early exposures or early acquired behaviours in India, or exposures during migration, may increase the risk of leukaemia and reduce the risks of gastric and testicular cancers in the migrants irrespective of their ethnicity. Aetiological studies would be worthwhile to investigate the reasons for the sizeable decreased risk of colon and rectal cancer and increased risk of gall bladder cancer in each sex and the increased risk of thyroid and laryngeal cancer in males and oesophageal cancer in females of Indian ethnicity but not of British ethnicity who have migrated from the Indian subcontinent.
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PMID:Cancer mortality in Indian and British ethnic immigrants from the Indian subcontinent to England and Wales. 757 89

The results of familial population analysis of stomach cancer and multiple primary malignant tumors (MPMTs) are presented. The data obtained provide evidence for the multifactorial nature of stomach cancer. Hereditary factors accounted for 32% of the general predisposition of individuals to stomach cancer. The age-related character of stomach cancer was established. Genetic heterogeneity of this tumor is suggested by the data obtained. Significant genetic commonness in the inheritance of stomach, colon, Genetic Analysis and Prognosis for Malignant Tumors in breast, endometrial, and ovarian cancer in families of MPMT patients was demonstrated on the basis of the obtained genetic correlations between tumor types in MPMT patients and solitary tumors in members of their families. The greatest genetic load was shown for families of MPMT patients, as compared with families of patients with solitary tumors, the coefficient of MPMT inheritance being equal to 77.4%. The data on the genetic character of stomach cancer and MPMT formed the basis for the identification of criteria for developing methodological approaches to the screening of individuals from risk groups to facilitate early diagnosis and prevention of cancer.
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PMID:[Genetic analysis and elaboration of principles for predicting malignant tumors in families of patients with stomach cancer and primary multiple malignant neoplasms]. 760 30

This study presents the risk of various cancers in relation to ginseng intake based on the data from a case-control study conducted in the Korea Cancer Center Hospital. Ginseng intakers had a decreased risk [odds ratio = 0.50, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.44-0.58] for cancer compared with nonintakers. On the type of ginseng, the odds ratios for cancer were 0.37 (95% CI = 0.29-0.46) for fresh ginseng extract intakers, 0.57 (95% CI = 0.48-0.68) for white ginseng extract intakers, 0.30 (95% CI = 0.22-0.41) for white ginseng powder intakers, and 0.20 (95% CI = 0.08-0.50) for red ginseng intakers. Intakers of fresh ginseng slice, fresh ginseng juice, and white ginseng tea, however, showed no decreasing risk. There was a decrease in risk with the rising frequency and duration of ginseng intake, showing a dose-response relationship. On the site of cancer, the odds ratios were 0.47 for cancer of the lip, oral cavity, and pharynx; 0.20 for esophageal cancer; 0.36 for stomach cancer; 0.42 for colorectal cancer; 0.48 for liver cancer; 0.22 for pancreatic cancer; 0.18 for laryngeal cancer; 0.55 for lung cancer; and 0.15 for ovarian cancer. In cancers of the female breast, uterine cervix, urinary bladder, and thyroid gland, however, there was no association with ginseng intake. In cancers of the lung, lip, oral cavity and pharynx, and liver, smokers with ginseng intake showed decreased odds ratios compared with smokers without ginseng intake. These findings support the view that ginseng intakers had a decreased risk for most cancers compared with nonintakers.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Preventive effect of ginseng intake against various human cancers: a case-control study on 1987 pairs. 765 37

Epirubicin is the 4' epimer of the anthracycline antibiotic doxorubicin, and has been used alone or in combination with other cytotoxic agents in the treatment of a variety of malignancies. Comparative and noncomparative clinical trials have demonstrated that regimens containing conventional doses of epirubicin achieved equivalent objective response rates and overall median survival as similar doxorubicin-containing regimens in the treatment of advanced and early breast cancer, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), small cell lung cancer (SCLC), non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, ovarian cancer, gastric cancer and nonresectable primary hepatocellular carcinoma. Recently, dose-intensive regimens of epirubicin have achieved high response rates in a number of malignancies including early and advanced breast cancer and lung cancer. The major acute dose-limiting toxicity of anthracyclines is myelosuppression. In vitro and clinical studies have shown that, at equimolar doses, epirubicin is less myelotoxic than doxorubicin. The lower haematological toxicity of epirubicin, as well as the recent introduction of supportive measures such as colony-stimulating factors, has allowed dose-intensification of epirubicin-containing regimens, which is particularly significant because of the definite dose-response relationship of anthracyclines. Cardiotoxicity, which is manifested clinically as irreversible congestive heart failure and/or cardiomyopathy, is the most important chronic cumulative dose-limiting toxicity of anthracyclines. Epirubicin has a lower propensity to produce cardiotoxic effects than doxorubicin, and its recommended maximum cumulative dose is almost double that of doxorubicin, thus allowing for more treatment cycles and/or higher doses of epirubicin. In summary, dose-intensive epirubicin-containing regimens, which are feasible due to its lower myelosuppression and cardiotoxicity, have produced high response rates in early breast cancer, a potentially curable malignancy, as well as advanced breast, and lung cancers. Furthermore, there is evidence to suggest that improved response rates can improve quality of life in some clinical settings, but whether this leads to prolonged survival has not yet been determined. Recently implemented supportive measures such as colony-stimulating factors, prophylactic antimicrobials and peripheral blood stem cell support may help achieve other potential advantages of dose-intensive epirubicin-containing regimens such as reductions in morbidity and length of hospital admissions.
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PMID:Epirubicin. A review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties, and therapeutic use in cancer chemotherapy. 768 69

Sialyl-Tn (STn) is a core region carcinoma-associated carbohydrate determinant expressed on cancer-associated mucins. Expression of STn has been associated with poor prognosis in colon and ovarian cancer, independent of other prognostic factors such as tumour grade, stage or histological type. Recent studies have suggested that STn expression may be an independent prognostic variable in gastric cancer. We have examined 158 patients with gastric cancer using the antibody B72.3 (Biomira, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada). Of these, 110 patients (70%) expressed STn. Expression of STn did not correlate with tumour differentiation or the Ming classification, but expression was noted more frequently in the relatively good prognosis intestinal type of tumours (chi 2 = 6.9, P = 0.03). Conversely, early-stage cancers showed a significantly lower frequency of expression than more advanced cases (chi 2 = 13.75, P = 0.003). In this patient group, STn expression did not influence survival, and in multivariate regression analysis only tumour stage and Lauren classification were found to be independent prognostic variables.
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PMID:Expression of sialyl-Tn in gastric cancer: correlation with known prognostic factors. 773 3


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