Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0024623 (gastric cancer)
 36,219 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The 5 years' survival rate of all cancer patients is 35-45%. In that survival rate radiotherapy takes part in 15%. By further development of radiological methods and techniques radiotherapy gains significance in the recent time. Optimizing radiation planning and tactics, all modern imaging techniques are applied consequently. The radiotherapist must be able to asses their immanent specifity which should remain object of the radiological training, even if separated into therapy and diagnostics. Dose distribution is calculated by computer; three-dimensional planning is done in tumors of the mediastinum, oesophagus carcinoma and paraaortic lymphomas. Critical description of radiation techniques, results, problems and prognoses are given by results in tumors of the epipharynx and gastric cancer. After-loading, done until now only in gynaecological tumors, is performed in recurrences of pharyngeal tumors by individually shaped applicators. Reducing the number of therapy failures as well as possible, the application of higher tumor doses, new kinds of rays as neutrons and combinations with physical and chemical methods is outlined. Modifications of radiation volumes are discussed, especially the irradiation of the complete abdomen in ovarian cancer, the irradiation of the complete body surface by electrons in mycosis fungoides, and the total body irradiation prior to autologue bone marrow transplantation. Modifications of fractionation are shown in short-time radiation of bone metastases and single-time radiation of brain lesions. Low penetrating electron therapy facilitates intraoperative single-time irradiation. Because of higher biological efficiency neutrons and heavy ions allow to irradiate low sensible tumors or recurrences embedded in fibrotic tissue respectively. The combination with hyperthermia yields good results in tumors of the head and neck with better local response and total remissions of 59%. There are potentials in synchronising with chemotherapeutics. Remissions of different duration were achieved in 190 patients. Because of neutrotoxicity there are still problems in applicating radiosensitizers. New methods are applied treating endocrine active tumors by labelled hormone precursers.
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PMID:Perspectives of radiotherapy. 310 47

CA72-4 is a novel quantitative immunoradiometric assay system utilizing two monoclonal antibodies CC-49 and B72.3, which recognize a tumor-associated glycoprotein (TAG-72). We have utilized the CA72-4 RIA kit to measure serum levels of TAG-72 in 205 patients with carcinoma and 192 patients without carcinoma. The cut-off value (4.0 U/ml) was obtained according to the levels and the distribution of CA72-4 in 468 healthy individuals. The positive rates in 82 patients with gastric cancer, 55 with colorectal cancer, 24 with pancreatico-choledochal cancer, 36 with breast cancer, and 3 with ovarian cancer were 52%, 55%, 46%, 39%, and 67%, respectively. Fifty percent of the sera from 205 patients with carcinoma demonstrated increased levels of CA72-4, whereas only 10% of the sera from 192 patients without evidence of malignancy showed levels more than 4.0 U/ml. The average level of serum CA72-4 in the patients with carcinoma was 38.6 U/ml, much higher than that (2.7 U/ml) in patients without malignancy. The patients with gastrointestinal cancer at advanced stages or at recurrence showed higher levels of serum CA72-4 than the patients with cancer at early stages. These results thus indicate that CA72-4 is clinically useful as a novel tumor marker, especially for monitoring serum levels of TAG-72 in patients with gastrointestinal cancer, breast cancer, ovarian cancer and other epithelial malignancies.
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PMID:[Levels of circulating tumor-associated glycoprotein (TAG-72) in patients with carcinoma using a novel tumor marker, CA 72-4]. 316 66

The risk of cancer associated with a broad range of organ doses was estimated in an international study of women with cervical cancer. Among 150,000 patients reported to one of 19 population-based cancer registries or treated in any of 20 oncology clinics, 4188 women with second cancers and 6880 matched controls were selected for detailed study. Radiation doses for selected organs were reconstructed for each patient on the basis of her original radiotherapy records. Very high doses, on the order of several hundred gray, were found to increase the risk of cancers of the bladder [relative risk (RR) = 4.0], rectum (RR = 1.8), vagina (RR = 2.7), and possibly bone (RR = 1.3), uterine corpus (RR = 1.3), cecum (RR = 1.5), and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (RR = 2.5). For all female genital cancers taken together, a sharp dose-response gradient was observed, reaching fivefold for doses more than 150 Gy. Several gray increased the risk of stomach cancer (RR = 2.1) and leukemia (RR = 2.0). Although cancer of the pancreas was elevated, there was no evidence of a dose-dependent risk. Cancer of the kidney was significantly increased among 15-year survivors. A nonsignificant twofold risk of radiogenic thyroid cancer was observed following an average dose of only 0.11 Gy. Breast cancer was not increased overall, despite an average dose of 0.31 Gy and 953 cases available for evaluation (RR = 0.9); there was, however, a weak suggestion of a dose response among women whose ovaries had been surgically removed. Doses greater than 6 Gy to the ovaries reduced breast cancer risk by 44%. A significant deficit of ovarian cancer was observed within 5 years of radiotherapy; in contrast, a dose response was suggested among 10-year survivors. Radiation was not found to increase the overall risk of cancers of the small intestine, colon, ovary, vulva, connective tissue, breast, Hodgkin's disease, multiple myeloma, or chronic lymphocytic leukemia. For most cancers associated with radiation, risks were highest among long-term survivors and appeared concentrated among women irradiated at relatively younger ages.
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PMID:Radiation dose and second cancer risk in patients treated for cancer of the cervix. 318 29

The potential proficiency of radioimmunoguided surgery in the intraoperative detection of tumors was assessed using labeled monoclonal antibody B72.3 in 66 patients with tissue-proved tumor. Monoclonal antibody B72.3 was injected 5 to 42 days preoperatively, and the hand-held gamma-detecting probe was used intraoperatively to detect the presence of tumor. Intraoperative probe counts of less than 20 every 2 seconds, or tumor-to-adjacent normal tissue ratios less than 2:1 were considered negative (system failure). Positive probe counts were detected in 5 of 6 patients with primary colon cancer (83 percent), in 31 of 39 patients with recurrent colon cancer (79 percent), in 4 of 5 patients with gastric cancer (80 percent), in 3 of 8 patients with breast cancer (37.5 percent), and in 4 of 8 patients with ovarian cancer (50 percent) undergoing second-look procedures. Additional patients in each group were scored as borderline positive. Overall, radioimmunoguided surgery using B72.3 identified tumors in 47 patients (71.2 percent), bordered on positive in 6 patients (9.1 percent), and failed to identify tumor in 13 patients (19.7 percent). Improved selection of patients for antigen-positive tumors, the use of higher affinity second-generation antibodies, alternate routes of antibody administration, alternate radionuclides, and more sophisticatedly bioengineered antibodies and antibody combinations should all lead to improvements in radioimmunoguided surgery.
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PMID:Radioimmunoguided surgery using monoclonal antibody. 318 9

The pooling of large amounts of clinical data from all available and relevant (diverse) sources in order to achieve greater statistical confidence may be appropriate for most modern and well conducted clinical investigations. However, in order to arrive at specific and meaningful conclusions, such exercises absolutely depend upon the homogeneity (or at least comparability) of the study population and therapy under scrutiny. There are currently many opportunities for pooling studies of cancer treatment. The most attractive disease situations are those with a sufficiently large number of completed randomized studies. Some to be considered are colon cancer, gastric cancer, hepatoma, ovarian cancer and lymphoma.
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PMID:Potential pooling opportunities: cancer. 361 86

Mortality or incidence rates of ten major neoplasms in migrants from several countries, their respective countries of origin, their American-born offspring, and United States whites were compared. Rates in succeeding generations of Americans increased most rapidly for colon cancer and most slowly for breast cancer, with ovarian cancer occupying an intermediate position and prostate cancer showing inconsistent patterns of displacement of rates among various ethnic groups. Rates of stomach, liver, and esophageal cancers declined rapidly in succeeding generations of migrants, although small residual excess risks compared to whites persisted in second generation Americans. These residual excesses were greatest for stomach cancer and least for cancer of the esophagus. Differences in rates of lung and bladder cancers were commensurate with differences in smoking patterns among the generations and ethnic groups considered. This was also true for pancreatic cancer in Asians, but not in Latin Americans. The etiological implications of these observations are discussed.
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PMID:Cancer in first and second generation Americans. 366 80

Second malignancies were observed in 181 cases after treatment of antecedent breast cancer, among 5,302 primary breast cancer cases. The accumulated incidence of double cancer was as follows: 2.8% for 5 years, 5.2% for 10 years, 7.6% for 15 years, and 10.0% for 20 years. The observed incidence of second malignancy for all sites was 1.58 times as frequent as in the normal group. Statistically significant increased risks were observed for opposite breast cancer (O/E ratio 5.92), ovarian cancer (O/E ratio 4.47), corpus uterine cancer (O/E ratio 5.97) and thyroid cancer (O/E ratio 5.07). Among 5,302 cases, 2,431 (45.9%) underwent adjuvant chemotherapy. In chemotherapy groups, significantly increased risk of stomach cancer, thyroid cancer, leukemia and hepatoma was observed, but there were no remarkable differences between the MMC group and the CPA group. However, in the MMC + CPA combination treatment group, the risk of stomach cancer and leukemia was higher than in the single drug treatment groups. When multiple drugs were administered in large doses as long-term adjuvants, the risk of second malignancy seemed to become greater.
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PMID:[Effects of surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy of breast cancer on the incidence of a second malignancy]. 372 65

We report 28 cases of malignant disease in pregnant women. They were divided into 14 cases of intrapelvic tumors and 14 of extrapelvic tumors. The intrapelvic tumors were cervix cancer in nine and ovarian cancer in five, while the extrapelvic tumors were brain tumors in three, maxillary cancer in one, tongue cancer in one, pharyngeal cancer in one, breast cancer in one, gastric cancer in two, osteosarcoma in one Hodgkin's lymphoma in one, and leukemias in three. The prognoses of the patients with intrapelvic tumors were relatively good. But those of extrapelvic diseases were poor.
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PMID:[Malignant neoplasms in pregnancy--report of 28 cases treated in our hospital]. 377 71

The antitumor activity of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) against various primarily cultured human cancer cells (32 cases) was investigated by the 51Cr cytotoxic release assay and the tumor stem cell assay. Over 50% sensitivity (the ratio to the cytotoxicity in L929 cells) was noted in 4 of 14 cases of gastric cancer (28.6%), 7 of 9 cases of leukemic cells (77.8%), and 1 case each of pancreatic carcinoma and ovarian cancer. Scarcely any sensitivity, however, was observed in 1 case of acute promyelocytic leukemia or in some of the gastric cancer cases. No correlation was observed between the histological type of the cancer and TNF sensitivity. The above results seem to confirm that TNF has significant antitumor activity against human cancer cells.
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PMID:Antitumor effect of tumor necrosis factor against various primarily cultured human cancer cells. 393 30

A Phase II Study of (2''R)-4'-O-tetrahydropyranyladriamycin (THP) in patients with various solid tumors was carried out by 44 cooperative study institutions. Seven hundred fifty-six patients administered the drug intravenously were entered into this study. Of these, 499 patients were evaluated for objective responses. THP was given mainly at a dose of 40 to 60 mg/body every 3 to 4 weeks or 20 to 30 mg/body once a week. Response rates were 18.8% for head and neck cancer, 13.1% for stomach cancer, 21.4% for breast cancer, 22.2% for bladder cancer, 30% for renal pelvic and urinary tract tumor, 26.8% for ovarian cancer and 24.2% for uterine cancer. Overall response rate was 15.4% including 10 complete responses and 67 partial responses. Adverse reactions were similar to those previously reported in the phase I study, including gastrointestinal toxicities and myelosuppression. Alopecia and stomatitis, which are major side effects of other anthracyclines, were rather mild. Incidence of ECG changes was 2.8% and no congestive heart failure was observed.
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PMID:[Phase II study of (2''R)-4'-O-tetrahydropyranyladriamycin (THP) in patients with solid tumors. Multi-Institutional Cooperative Study]. 396 50


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