Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0024623 (gastric cancer)
 36,219 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Serum levels of CA 125 and markers reputed as specific for cancers in relevant locations (squamous cell carcinoma, SCC, carcinoembryonic antigen, CEA, CA 19.9, alpha-fetoprotein, AFP) were determined in 107 patients with gastrointestinal (GI) carcinomas. The aim of this study was to assess their individual and combined sensitivities, and the power of CA 125 in excluding primary ovarian epithelial cancer from GI primary. Serum CA 125 levels (in U/ml) ranged from nondetectable to 400 in patients with esophageal, to 570 in those with gastric, and to 300 in patients with colorectal carcinoma. The levels for liver secondaries, pancreatic, and hepatocellular carcinoma were 480, 2,720 and 1,100 U/ml, respectively. Serum SCC antigen was elevated in all patients with esophageal cancer, CEA or CA 19.9 in 52% of patients with gastric cancer and in 63% with liver secondaries, and CEA in 95% of patients with colorectal cancer; whereas serum CA 125 above 65 U/ml was found in 25% of this subgroup, but only in those with already an elevated concentration of specific marker(s). Serum CEA or CA 19.9 was elevated in 71%, CA 125 in 59% of patients with pancreatic cancer; the latter mostly in those with already elevated CEA or CA 19.9. Serum AFP was elevated in 84% and CA 125 in 40% of patients with hepatoma; the latter mostly in those with already an elevated AFP. CA 125 values exceeding 1,000 U/ml were found in 1 patient with pancreatic cancer (2,720 U/ml) and in 2 with hepatoma (1,050 and 1,100 U/ml). These findings illustrate the nonspecificity of the CA 125 antigen, its small if any advantage compared to the specific markers, and they diminish its role as a marker for primary ovarian cancer from GI primary unless it exceeds 2,800 U/ml.
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PMID:Serum levels of CA 125 in patients with gastrointestinal cancers. 248 Jun 31

Monoclonal antibody (MAb)B72.3 has been used to detect the presence of TAG-72 in the serum of carcinoma patients. We have developed new anti-TAG-72 MAbs and have selected one of these, CC49, as the "catcher" MAb with 125I-B72.3 as the detecting antibody in a double-determinant immunoradiometric assay. This combination enabled the development of a sequential assay (designated CA 72-4) that showed optimal quantitative properties as demonstrated by such parameters as linear dose-response, high re-producibility, and lack of serum-matrix and "hook-back" effects. Only 3.5% of 744 normal sera and 6.7% of 134 sera from patients with benign gastrointestinal diseases had TAG-72 levels greater than 6 U/ml. Approximately 40% of 303 patients with gastrointestinal malignancies had serum TAG-72 levels of greater than 6 U/ml (55% of the patients with advanced disease). Thirty-six percent of patients with adenocarcinomas of the lung and 24% of patients with ovarian cancer (53% stage IV patients) also had elevated serum TAG-72 levels. A poor correlation was found between the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and TAG-72 values of sera obtained from gastric cancer patients. Thirty-four percent of CEA negative cases were scored positive in the CA 72-4 assay, suggesting the complementarity of the CA 72-4 assay to CEA assays in the analysis of sera from patients with certain malignancies.
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PMID:CA 72-4 radioimmunoassay for the detection of the TAG-72 carcinoma-associated antigen in serum of patients. 261 71

A new group of gastric cancer associated antigens (MG-Ag) in ascitic fluid and pleural effusion was detected. First of all, the monoclonal antibodies (MG series) were purified and coupled to the miniglobules. The samples to be examined were then mixed with the MG-miniglobules to react. After being blocked by serum of normal mouse, the MG-miniglobules were mixed and made to react with the monoclonal antibodies labeled with HRP. With ELISA method, the MG-Ag levels in ascitic and pleural fluid were determined in 171 patients. The mean value of 87 non-malignant patients plus 3 standard deviations was arbitrarily set as the highest normal limit. Values above this limit were found in 39 (75%) of 52 patients with lung cancer and 20 (83%) of 24 patients with gastric cancer. The MG-Ag level was elevated in 4 (4.6%) of 87 patients with benign diseases. It is not elevated in 8 patients with ovarian cancer. It is suggested that determination of MG-Ag in ascitic and pleural fluid can be used for ascertaining the nature of ascites and pleural effusion.
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PMID:[Detection of gastric cancer associated antigens in ascitic and pleural fluid for ascertaining the nature of the exudate]. 263 90

Effective therapy for gastric cancer remains elusive, and thus surgeons, oncologists, and radiotherapists are continually confounded. Multiple attempts to improve survival in gastric cancer patients have failed, including extended lymphadenectomy (by American surgeons), single- or multiple-agent chemotherapy, and combined-modality therapy (multiple-agent chemotherapy combined with radiation therapy). Such studies have been plagued by the high volume of inadequate antitumor responses or by lethal toxicity. At present, chemotherapy remains the best hope for effective adjuvant therapy, but new routes of drug delivery that will decrease systemic toxicity must be developed. Since gastric cancer recurs locoregionally and infrequently metastasizes to distant sites until very late in its course, theory suggests intraperitoneal (IP) chemotherapy applied to locoregional sites should decrease recurrence without significant systemic toxicity. Such treatments have been effective in other malignancies that commonly occur IP, such as ovarian cancer. Intracavitary chemotherapy protocols for gastric cancer are under development and will soon produce data on treatment efficacy. Such studies offer a theoretic basis for improved survival from gastric cancer; however, only well-controlled treatment trials will confirm if theory can be translated into clinical reality.
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PMID:Gastric cancer: a neoplastic enigma. 266 94

Tumor-associated trypsin inhibitor (TATI) is a 6 K dalton protease inhibitor, that was isolated from urine of a patient with ovarian cancer. In our experience, mean serum level of TATI in healthy subjects (n. 120), is 13 micrograms/l (range 5.1-42 micrograms/l). The cut-off point is established in 32 micrograms/l (mean +/- 3 SD). We have examined 357 patients with gastrointestinal diseases: 98 gastric cancer, 50 colon cancers, 52 pancreatic cancers, 32 chronic pancreatitis, 38 IBD, 28 colon polyps, 40 gastric ulcers and 25 non-neoplastic biliary tree diseases. TATI may be a good tumor marker only in gastric cancer. Elevated levels of TATI also occur in obstructive hepatobiliary disease and active pancreatitis or IBD.
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PMID:[Determination of tumor-associated trypsin inhibitor (TATI) in subjects with gastrointestinal diseases. Preliminary data]. 271 42

Seven cases of post-transfusion hepatitis type B [PTH(B)] were investigated. PTH(B) developed in 4 patients more than 65 years old and in 4 patients after treatment of a malignant disease (2 cases of gastric cancer and one each of ovarian cancer and chronic myelogenous leukemia, respectively). The mean incubation period was 78 days (70-90) in patients with non-malignant diseases and 147 days (105-200) in patients with malignant diseases. The symptoms of acute hepatic failure developed in 6 patients and 5 of them expired. One fatal case revealed 4 units of blood and an investigation of 4 donors revealed that one of them was an HBsAg carrier with negative serum HBsAg by the reverse passive hemagglutination (RPHA) method. From these results, it was concluded that compromised hosts such as aged patients or patients with malignant diseases are apt to contract severe PTH(B) with a long incubation period when the transfused blood contains small amounts of HBV.
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PMID:Post-transfusion hepatitis type B: long incubation period and poor prognosis in compromised hosts. 274 36

Lycobetaine (AT-1840), developed by our institute, is a new chemotherapeutic agent with relatively high percentage of remission on the treatment of ovary cancer and stomach cancer; no remarkable changes in blood picture, EKG and GPT, were observed. Early examination of the structure activity relationship of lycobetaine gave the following results: 1. A potential betaine and a methylenedioxy group in this compound may be critical for exhibiting antitumor activity; 2. Fission of the five membered ring of lycobetaine will not affect its antitumor activity. In order to see whether the distance between the phenolic oxygen and quaternary nitrogen affects its antitumor activity, compounds 7a-c, 8a-b were synthesized and screened against tumor in mice bearing EAC Preliminary experimental results showed that among the open ring analogs of lycobetaine, 7a, 7b and 8d possessed marked antitumor activity and 7c did not. The results indicate that changes in the distance of the betaine in lycobetaine obviously influence its antitumor activity.
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PMID:[Structure-activity-relationship study of the new anticancer drug lycobetaine (AT-1840)]. 281 92

Ascitic fluid from tumour patients (hepatoma, gastric cancer, gallbladder cancer, colorectal cancer, ovarian cancer) and from non-malignant diseases (liver cirrhosis, congestive heart failure) were compared with respect to their content of determinants of the fibrinolytic system, tissue-type plasminogen activator antigen (t-PAag) and activity (t-PAact), urokinase-type plasminogen activator antigen (u-PA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor activity (PAI). Furthermore, SDS-polyacrylamide slab-gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) was performed to evaluate molecular weight distribution of the detectable fibrinolytic parameters. In malignant ascites, PAI activity was three to four times higher, and increased complex formation of PAI with t-PA could be demonstrated, compared with non-malignant ascitic fluid. Tissue-type plasminogen activator antigen and activity showed a similar concentration in ascites of both study groups. Urokinase-type plasminogen activator antigen was detectable neither in ascites of malignant nor in ascites of non-malignant origin. It is concluded that t-PA is the physiological plasminogen activator in ascites and that increased PAI levels followed by increased complex formation between t-PA and PAI might reflect a reaction of the peritoneum.
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PMID:Plasminogen activators and plasminogen activator inhibitor in malignant and non-malignant ascitic fluid. 285 12

Disease-oriented phase II trials of doxifluridine were performed in advanced colorectal, breast, renal, endometrial, stomach, and ovarian carcinomas. The dose schedule recommended by the phase I trial (12.5 g/m2 by continuous iv infusion over 6 hours once a week for 3 weeks followed by a 1-week rest) was chosen first: the initial dose was later decreased to 10 g/m2 due to the fact that several neurotoxic effects were reported. A total of 207 patients were entered: 137 patients who received at least two courses of treatment were evaluable for response. Therapeutic activity was demonstrated in breast cancer [two complete responses (CR) and 13 partial responses (PR) among 42 patients], colon cancer (seven PRs among 35 patients), and rectal cancer (six PRs among 23 patients). Some therapeutic activity was detected in ovarian cancer (one CR among nine patients), endometrial cancer (one PR among five patients), and stomach cancer (one PR among five patients). No significant activity was noticed in renal cancer (one PR among 18 patients). Nonhematological toxicity was evaluated according to World Health Organization criteria. Nausea and vomiting were recorded in 50% of the patients (Grade 3-4 in 5%), diarrhea was recorded in 20% (Grade 3-4 in 5%), and cutaneous and allergic reactions were recorded in 10% (Grade 3-4 in 2%). Myelotoxicity during the first treatment course was mild; median wbc and platelet count nadirs (x 10(9) cells/L) were 4.1 (range, 0.1-11) and 194 (range, 20-482), respectively. Nevertheless, some cases of acute leukopenia and thrombopenia were reported. Consciousness alterations and neurologic symptoms were the major side effects (72 of 173 evaluable patients), since treatment had to be interrupted in 34 patients and four lethal neurotoxic effects occurred. At the same total dose of doxifluridine, the risk of neurotoxicity significantly increases with age and with the weekly dose and to the contrary it decreases with increasing bilirubin level. Although activity was demonstrated, this treatment cannot be recommended because of major neurotoxicity. Further pharmacological studies seem warranted to define the optimal dosage schedule and to obtain a better therapeutic index.
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PMID:Phase II clinical evaluation of doxifluridine. 294 45

Epirubicin (4'-epidoxorubicin) is an antineoplastic agent derived from doxorubicin. The compounds differ in the configuration of the hydroxyl group at the 4' position. Epirubicin, like doxorubicin, exerts its antitumor effects by interference with the synthesis and function of DNA and is most active during the S phase of the cell cycle. Epirubicin is administered by intravenous (IV) injection. It is metabolized by the liver and primarily eliminated in the bile. About 10% of the drug is eliminated in the urine. Dosage adjustments are recommended for patients with liver metastases or elevated liver function tests. The elimination half-life of epirubicin is 30 to 40 hours. Clinical studies indicate activity in breast cancer, non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, ovarian cancer, soft-tissue sarcomas, and pancreatic cancer. There is also evidence of activity against gastric cancer, small-cell lung cancer, and acute leukemia. Epirubicin has limited activity as a single agent against head and neck tumors or non-small-cell lung cancer, but may be beneficial in combination with other agents. The overall activity of epirubicin appears to be comparable with that of doxorubicin. However, more studies are needed to define its role in combination chemotherapeutic regimens. The acute dose-limiting toxicity of epirubicin is myelosuppression. Nausea, vomiting, and alopecia are also common. Epirubicin may cause transient cardiac arrhythmias and alterations of the electrocardiogram. Chronic therapy is limited, but available data indicate that epirubicin can be administered in higher cumulative doses than doxorubicin before cardiotoxicity limits further therapy.
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PMID:Epirubicin: a review of the pharmacology, clinical activity, and adverse effects of an adriamycin analogue. 300 21


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