Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0024623 (gastric cancer)
 36,219 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

It has been demonstrated that natural killer (NK) cell activity of lymphnode lymphocytes (LNL) is very low and hardly augmented by interferon. In this study, OK-432 was injected into the gastric cancer mass through endoscopy one week before the operation, through which NK activity of LNL was significantly increased. A single cell assay could divide the OK-432-injected patients into two groups; responder and non-responder. In responders, the increased activity induced by OK-432 was found also in the distal lymphnodes.
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PMID:Augmentation in cytotoxicity of lymphnode lymphocytes by OK-432. 818 2

Nine gastric cancer patients with simultaneous liver metastases were given intermittent transarterial administration of chemotherapeutics (adriamycin, mitomycin C or 5-fluorouracil) and biological response modifiers (BRM; OK-432 and interleukin (IL) -2) after gastrectomy. In terms of direct antitumor effect on liver metastases, a partial response was observed in 4 of 9 cases (44%). In addition, the concentration of 3 kinds of cytokines such as IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) -alpha and interferon (IFN) -gamma in the peripheral blood sera was measured immediately before and after transarterial administration of agents. While the concentration of IL-6 increased by BRM, chemotherapeutics could not alter the level of IL-6. As for TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma, no particular changing pattern was observed after transarterial administration. Furthermore, natural killer (NK) activity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells was measured. Administration of either BRM or BRM in combination with chemotherapeutics caused a decrease in NK activity, whereas chemotherapeutics did not. Flow cytometric analysis using 3 kinds of monoclonal antibodies (Anti-CD16, CD56 and CD57) revealed that the proportion of subset of both highly activated NK cells (CD16+.CD56+.CD57-) and moderately activated NK cells (CD16+.CD56+.CD57+) reduced after administration of BRM.
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PMID:[Immunological effects of locoregional immunochemotherapy for liver metastases of gastric cancer]. 837 5

Metastatic lesions from renal cell carcinoma are commonly recognized in the lung and bone, however, thyroid metastasis has rarely been reported in the literature. We present herein a case of a man with lung and thyroid metastatic tumors from renal cell carcinoma. Although making a preoperative diagnosis of thyroid metastasis is difficult because there is no established diagnostic criteria, we were able to identify this thyroid lesion as a metastatic tumor from renal cell carcinoma by the pathological findings. Interestingly, hypercalcemia was recognized in this patient whose serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) level was not increased. Moreover, this patient also had early gastric cancer simultaneously, being a so-called 'double cancer'. After surgical resection of the right kidney and stomach, interferon was administered without any efficacy against the metastatic lesions of the lung and thyroid gland.
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PMID:A case of renal cell carcinoma with metastasis to the thyroid gland and concomitant early gastric cancer. 846 61

Gastric adenocarcinoma is typically diagnosed at an advanced stage, and even with "curative" gastrectomy, most patients die of recurrent disease. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy for locally advanced gastric cancer is an experimental treatment strategy that may increase resectability and improve survival for patients afflicted with an almost uniformly fatal neoplasm. At our institution, we are evaluating the efficacy of fluorouracil, leucovorin, and interferon alfa-2A administered for three cycles, followed by surgery and consolidation therapy for patients with T3-4, N1-2, M0 gastric adenocarcinoma. The rationale for the use of neoadjuvant therapy combined with radical extirpative surgery in this setting and related issues are discussed.
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PMID:Neoadjuvant chemotherapy for locally advanced gastric adenocarcinoma. 851 81

In our previous randomized trial of advanced gastric cancer patients, the addition of epirubicin (EPI) to 5-fluorouracil (FU) with folinic acid (FA) resulted in an improved response rate and survival in the responder patients. Preclinical studies also showed an enhancement of FU and anthracyclines with interferon. To evaluate the possibility of human lymphoblastoid interferon (IFN) to enhance the therapeutic activity of the FA-FU + EPI combination regimen, 39 advanced gastric cancer patients received: FU at 375 mg/m2 i.v. immediately after FA (l-isomer form) at 100 mg/m2 i.v. for 5 consecutive days; EPI at 60 mg/m2 i.v. on day 1, and IFN 3 MU s.c. for 7 consecutive days, starting 2 days before the FA-FU administration. Thirty-seven patients were evaluable for response and toxicity. Twelve partial responses were observed with an overall response rate of 32% (95% CI, 17-48%). The median response duration was 6 months, and the median survival time was 8 months. Toxicity was mild and no grade 4 side effects or treatment-related deaths were observed. However, the addition of IFN to the FA-FU + EPI regimen did not improve response, duration of response or survival.
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PMID:Epidoxorubicin and double biochemical 5-fluorouracil modulation with folinic acid and human lymphoblastoid interferon in advanced gastric carcinoma: a multicentric phase II study of the Southern Italy Oncology Group (GOIM). 869 29

To determine whether the liver plays an immunological role in certain extrahepatic disorders, we investigated the expression of interleukin (IL)-1 beta, IL-6, interferon (IFN)-gamma, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha in 11 patients who had recovered from cholecystolithiasis, 12 patients with gastric cancer, 20 patients with chronic hepatitis, and 6 healthy controls. Cytokine mRNAs in the liver were detected by semiquantitative reverse transcribed-polymerase chain reaction. Serum cytokines and soluble IL-2 receptor (sIL-2R) were investigated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Increases in TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-1 beta, and IFN-gamma mRNAs were found in the livers of patients with extrahepatic diseases. TNF-alpha and IL-6 peptides were increased in the sera of patients with gastric cancer. TNF-alpha in the sera and TNF-alpha mRNA in the liver were correlated in gastric cancer patients. Surprisingly, sIL-2R in the serum of gastric cancer patients was significantly higher than the level in healthy controls. Our findings suggest that the liver produces cytokines in reaction to extrahepatic lesions. Further, the increase in sIL-2R in gastric cancer patients indicates that malignancy may affect the immune network in vivo.
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PMID:Increased expression of cytokines in liver and serum in patients with extrahepatic diseases. 884 75

Helicobacter pylori is the major causative agent of chronic gastritis. It is associated with duodenal and gastric ulcer and with the majority of primary gastric B-cell lymphomas; furthermore, there is a strong epidemiological association with gastric cancer. One intriguing aspect of this infection is the ability of H pylori to persist despite the vast array of host immune responses. This article reviews what is known about the immune responses against H pylori, emphasizing what is generally accepted and applicable while highlighting areas of controversy. The first section delineates the genesis of the inflammatory responses, which initiate with the production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interferon (IFN)-gamma, interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, and IL-8 and continue with the recruitment of neutrophilic polymorphonuclear cells, lymphocytes, plasma cells, macrophages and eosinophils, and later with the development and recruitment of specifically committed cells (lymphocytes sensitized to H pylori antigens and B cells producing immunoglobulin (Ig)A, IgG, and possibly IgE antibodies against a variety of H pylori surface and flagellar proteins as well as bacterial toxins). The second part of the article focuses on the development of lymphoid follicles in the gastric mucosa, a phenomenon that for the first time links an immune response (the recruitment of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue [MALT] to the gastric mucosa in response to H pylori infection) with the development of a neoplastic growth (the development of gastric MALT lymphomas). The local and systemic antibody responses are discussed in the light of their potential application in the development of diagnostic tests and vaccines. Particular emphasis is placed on the controversies surrounding the significance of antibodies directed against a 120 to 140 kDa protein apparently associated with more "aggressive" (sometimes also called "ulcerogenic" or "pathogenic") strains of H pylori.
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PMID:The immunobiology of Helicobacter pylori gastritis. 900 Apr 97

Promising new drugs for gastrointestinal cancers in clinical phase II studies in Japan were reviewed. Treatment with l-Leucovorin (l-LV, combined with 5-FU), S-1, a methionine-free intravenous amino acid solution (AO-90), BOF-A2, and interferon (combined with 5-FU), is based on biochemical modulation-related 5-FU. With combination of l-LV and 5-FU, response rates of over 30% were reported in clinical rate phase II studies for gastric and colorectal cancers respectively. S-1, a new oral tegaful pulse modulator, showed a response rate of 53.6% (in eligible cases) in early phase II studies for gastric cancer. Except for other than biochemical modulation drugs, 254-S (new cisplatin derivatives), CPT-11 (camptothecin derivatives) and docetaxel are also promising for gastrointestinal cancers. These drugs showed activity against advanced gastrointestinal cancers, suggesting that further clinical studies of these drugs combined with other active chemotherapy agents are warranted.
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PMID:[New anti-cancer drugs for gastrointestinal cancers]. 935 Feb 37

1. Protein-bound polysaccharides, designated as PSK and PSP, have been isolated from the CM-101 strain and the COV-1 strain, respectively, of the mushroom Coriolus versicolor. This article aims at summarizing existing research findings about PSP since information on PSK is well documented. 2. PSP possesses a molecular weight of approximately 100 kDa. Glutamic and aspartic acids are abundant in its polypeptide component, whereas its polysaccharide component is made up of monosaccharides with alpha-1,4 and beta-1,3 glucosidic linkages. The presence of fucose in PSK and rhamnose and arabinose in PSP distinguishes the two protein-bound polysaccharides, which are otherwise chemically similar. 3. PSP is classified as a biological response modifier. It induces, in experimental animals, increased gamma-interferon production, interleukin-2 production, and T-cell proliferation. It also counteracts the depressive effect of cyclophosphamide on white blood cell count, interleukin-2 production and delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction. Its antiproliferative activity against tumor cell lines and in vivo antitumor activity have been demonstrated. A small peptide with a molecular weight of 16-18 kDa originating from PSP has been produced with antiproliferative and antitumor activities. 4. PSP administered to patients with esophageal cancer, gastric cancer and lung cancer, and who are undergoing radiotherapy or chemotherapy, helps alleviate symptoms and prevents the decline in immune status.
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PMID:A review of research on the protein-bound polysaccharide (polysaccharopeptide, PSP) from the mushroom Coriolus versicolor (Basidiomycetes: Polyporaceae). 945 74

Helicobacter pylori infection of the gastric mucosa can be found in approximately 50% of the world's population and is associated with a range of pathology, including peptic ulcer, atrophic gastritis, and gastric cancer. To explore immunization as a strategy for preventing and treating H. pylori-associated disease, we assessed the safety and immunogenicity in healthy adults of a formalin-inactivated, oral H. pylori whole-cell (HWC) vaccine, administered with or without mutant Escherichia coli heat-labile toxin (LT(R192G)) as a mucosal adjuvant. In a dose-response study, 23 subjects with or without H. pylori infection were vaccinated with either 2.5 x 10(6) HWC, 2.5 x 10(8) HWC, or 2.5 x 10(10) HWC, plus 25 microg of LT(R192G). Thereafter, a randomized study was conducted in which 18 H. pylori-infected subjects were assigned, in a double-blind fashion, to receive either 2.5 x 10(10) HWC plus placebo-adjuvant, placebo-vaccine plus 25 microg of LT(R192G), placebo-vaccine plus placebo-adjuvant, or 2.5 x 10(10) HWC plus 25 microg of LT(R192G). Diarrhea (six subjects), low-grade fever (five subjects), and vomiting (two subjects) were observed, usually after the first dose. Significant rises in geometric mean mucosal (fecal and salivary) anti-HWC immunoglobulin A antibodies occurred among H. pylori-infected and uninfected subjects following inoculation with 2.5 x 10(10) HWC plus 25 microg of LT(R192G). Moreover, among H. pylori-negative volunteers, this regimen induced significant lymphoproliferative responses in 5 of 10 subjects and gamma interferon production responses to H. pylori sonicate in 7 of 10 subjects. There was no evidence that vaccination eradicated H. pylori in infected volunteers. These results suggest that it is possible to stimulate mucosal and systemic immune responses in humans to H. pylori antigens by using an HWC vaccine.
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PMID:Safety and immunogenicity of oral inactivated whole-cell Helicobacter pylori vaccine with adjuvant among volunteers with or without subclinical infection. 1134 17


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