Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0024623 (gastric cancer)
 36,219 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Current evidence for the involvement of diet in cancer etiology is based on indirect relationships between the consumption of selected food constituents and incidence, dietary studies, and laboratory data. The indirect evidence most often referred to is the suggested correlation between the complex of fats-meat-egg-animal protein and the risk for cancer of the colon. Such observations are, however, hampered by the fact that human diet does not consist of isolated food components. Case control studies implicate a higher intake of starchy foods in gastric cancer, a lower intake of fiber in colon cancer, and possibly coffee in renal cancer. Carcinogenic agents identified include food additives, plant toxicants, aflatoxins, polycyclic hydrocarbons, nitrosamines, and certain normal major food constituents. The experimental evidence is augmented by studies indicating an inter-relationship between dietary constituents, intestinal flora, and bile acid metabolism. A synergistic action of ingested or metabolized carcinogens and a co-carcinogenic function of certain dietary components are suggested.
 ...
PMID:Role of diet in cancer etiology. 33 34

Of 13 cancers that tend to occur at lower rates in aboriginal Americans or in the native lands of Japanese, Chinese, and Spanish-speaking persons than in United States whites, rates for all but one (laryngeal) have increased in migrants to the United States. In addition to leukemia, these 13 cancers include neoplasms that have been related, at least in part, to a diet high in animal fats or proteins (colon and rectum cancer); reproductive and endocrinologic factors and a diet high in animal fats or protein (prostate, ovary, corpus uteri, breast, and testis cancer); chemical carcinogens (lung, larynx, bladder, and pancreas cancer); and a common infectious agent that, like polio viruses, causes clinically overt disease with a frequency directly related to age of patient at initial infection (Hodgkin's disease). Of 9 cancers that occur at higher rates in aboriginal Americans or in one or more of the native lands of migrants than in United States whites, the rates of 5 tend to decrease in migrants. These include cancers that may be related to food preservation (stomach cancer); products of microorganisms that may contaminate foods (esophagus and liver cancer); and infectious agents (nasopharynx, cervix uteri, and liver cancer). In addition, rates of cancer of the thyroid are high in aboriginal Americans; those of the gallbladder are high in individuals of native American ancestry and in Japanese; incidence of salivary gland tumors is high in Alaskan natives and Colombians; and rates of kidney cancer are high in Alaskan natives. Five types of epidemiologic studies are described that should be conducted in the migrants and in their countries of origin and adoption to elucidate further the etiology of various neoplasms.
 ...
PMID:Epidemiologic studies of cancer in minority groups in the western United States. 53 17

Associations between site- and sex-specific county cancer mortality rates and levels of trihalomethanes (THM's) in drinking water were examined after adjustment of rates for the influence of multiple socioeconomic, industrial, and demographic factors. U.S. counties with sampled supplies were grouped by percent of the county population receiving water from the supply, as well as by region of the country. For two sites (bladder and lung), county rates were also adjusted for the activity level in specific high-risk industries. Positive correlations with THM levels were observed for several cancers, including bladder and brain cancers in both sexes, and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and kidney cancer in males. Stomach cancer in females showed a negative association. Bladder cancer mortality rates showed the strongest and most consistent association with a THM exposure index, after control for differences in social class, ethnic group, urban versus rural residence, region of the United States, and industrialization of the county. These ecologic associations suggested that further evaluation in analytic investigations is warranted.
 ...
PMID:Associations of cancer mortality with halomethanes in drinking water. 70 38

Age-specific worldwide trends in cancer mortality were reviewed, with emphasis on cancer sites where increases have been reported in the USA. Cancer rates vary by factors as high as 30 between all countries, and 5-fold within and between industrialised countries. In Italy, Japan, Federal Republic of Germany, England and Wales, and the USA, patterns of cancer mortality have shifted uniformly over the past two decades. Stomach cancer continues to decline, while brain and other central-nervous-system cancer, breast cancer, multiple myeloma, kidney cancer, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and melanoma have increased in persons aged 55 and older. Cancer of the lung is starting to decline for men under age 85 and women under age 60 in England and Wales and men under age 45 in the USA, but is still rising for men and women in other countries. All forms of cancer are increasing in persons over age 54 except lung and stomach (which together comprise between 20% and 43% of all cancer in males in these countries). Studies of the quality of ascertainment and enumeration indicate that these increases are not attributable solely to diagnostic artifacts or to increased access to health care, although both these factors may be involved. These recorded increases in cancer should be assessed in greater detail to provide better projections of health care needs and to identify causal factors that may be controlled. The changes in cancer other than lung are so great and rapid that their causes demand intensive investigation.
 ...
PMID:International trends in cancer mortality in France, West Germany, Italy, Japan, England and Wales, and the USA. 197 9

Cancer mortality in relation to radiation dose was evaluated among 4153 women treated with intrauterine radium (226Ra) capsules for benign gynecologic bleeding disorders between 1925 and 1965. Average follow up was 26.5 years (maximum = 59.9 years). Overall, 2763 deaths were observed versus 2687 expected based on U.S. mortality rates [standardized mortality ratio (SMR) = 1.03]. Deaths due to cancer, however, were increased (SMR = 1.30), especially cancers of organs close to the radiation source. For organs receiving greater than 5 Gy, excess mortality of 100 to 110% was noted for cancers of the uterus and bladder 10 or more years following irradiation, while a deficit was seen for cancer of the cervix, one of the few malignancies not previously shown to be caused by ionizing radiation. Part of the excess of uterine cancer, however, may have been due to the underlying gynecologic disorders being treated. Among cancers of organs receiving average or local doses of 1 to 4 Gy, excesses of 30 to 100% were found for leukemia and cancers of the colon and genital organs other than uterus; no excess was seen for rectal or bone cancer. Among organs typically receiving 0.1 to 0.3 Gy, a deficit was recorded for cancers of the liver, gall bladder, and bile ducts combined, death due to stomach cancer occurred at close to the expected rate, a 30% excess was noted for kidney cancer (based on eight deaths), and there was a 60% excess of pancreatic cancer among 10-year survivors, but little evidence of dose-response. Estimates of the excess relative risk per Gray were 0.006 for uterus, 0.4 for other genital organs, 0.5 for colon, 0.2 for bladder, and 1.9 for leukemia. Contrary to findings for other populations treated by pelvic irradiation, a deficit of breast cancer was not observed (SMR = 1.0). Dose to the ovaries (median, 2.3 Gy) may have been insufficient to protect against breast cancer. For organs receiving greater than 1 Gy, cancer mortality remained elevated for more than 30 years, supporting the notion that radiation damage persists for many years after exposure.
 ...
PMID:Cancer mortality following radium treatment for uterine bleeding. 221 30

Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) have been grown from a variety of human tumors. TILs from some patients with melanoma demonstrate lytic activity specific for autologous tumor, and can mediate tumor regression when adoptively transferred to select cancer patients. In this study, we have compared the in vitro properties of lymphocytes from peripheral blood (PBLs), from draining lymph nodes (DLNs), and from tumors (TILs) grown simultaneously from 10 patients: 2 with melanoma, 4 with breast cancer, 1 with gastric cancer, 1 with renal cancer, 1 with sarcoma and 1 with lung cancer. PBLs, TILs, and DLNs were cultured in RPMI 1640 + 10% human AB serum, 20% LAK cell culture supernatant, and 1,000 u/ml of recombinant interleukin-2. Half of each culture was restimulated with irradiated autologous tumor every 14 days. In all groups, tumor feeding enhanced lymphocyte proliferation, although TILs and DLNs consistently proliferated longer and more rapidly than PBLs. Eight of 10 early cultures of TILs and DLNs contained greater or equal proportions of CD8+ cells compared with CD4+ cells, but in long-term cultures an inversion of that ratio was seen (CD4+ greater than CD8+). In short-term chromium release assays, specific lysis of autologous tumor was seen in tumor-fed TILs and DLNs from one patient with melanoma, DLNs from one patient with breast cancer, and TILs from one patient with lung cancer. Other cultures had nonspecific lytic activity. Specific cytotoxicity against autologous tumor sometimes became apparent only after prolonged culture and repeated restimulation with autologous tumor. DLNs have in vitro properties similar to TILs and may be a useful immune reagent for cancer therapy.
 ...
PMID:Comparative studies of the long-term growth of lymphocytes from tumor infiltrates, tumor-draining lymph nodes, and peripheral blood by repeated in vitro stimulation with autologous tumor. 239 7

Epirubicin (trade name: Falmorubicin) is a stereoisomer, in which the hydroxyl group of doxorubicin is inverted at position 4', and has the similar mechanism of action as that of doxorubicin; namely, this new anthracycline anticancer agent for injection shows a wide antitumor spectrum and strong antitumor activity via the inhibition of DNA and RNA synthesis. In non-clinical experiments, the effect of epirubicin on transplantable murine tumors was similar or superior to that of doxorubicin in rats and mice. As for pharmacodynamics, this drug was found to rapidly penetrate into the tissue from the blood, and to remain there for a long period of time. This drug has been widely used abroad for the treatment of various solid cancers, such as breast cancer, and tumors of hematopoietic organs, such as malignant lymphoma. In Japan, it was proved clinically that the drug was effective on a wide range of tumors, including acute leukemia, malignant lymphoma, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, gastric cancer, hepatic cancer and ureteral epithelioma(bladder cancer, renal cancer and ureteral cancer). In a comparative study of chronic cardiotoxicity, it was noted that epirubicin produced less damage to the myocardium than doxorubicin when every morphological change was examined as an indicator. Electrocardiographic and histopathological findings also disclosed that epirubicin exhibited a smaller effect on the myocardium than that of doxorubicin. In conclusion, epirubicin is a new antitumor agent having an antitumor effect similar or superior to that of doxorubicin with the various toxicities, including cardiotoxicity, which are reduced in this drug in comparison to those of doxorubicin.
 ...
PMID:[Epirubicin (4'-epi-adriamycin]. 240 56

The case is a 55-year old woman whose mother died of gastric cancer. In 1984 she underwent radiotherapy for cervical squamous cell carcinoma stage IIIb and had since been under the periodical observations. In 1987 she happened to undergo abdominal X-ray CT scans, and with an image of tumor mass revealed in the right kidney, she was admitted to our hospital. A clinical diagnosis of the right renal cancer was made, and radical nephrectomy was performed. Histological diagnosis was renal cell cancer pT2N0M0. This is the 7th reported case among the cases of double cancer of the cervix and the kidney in Japan. Multiple primary malignancies consist of these two cancers, and the renal carcinoma as an incidental finding with image procedure were discussed.
 ...
PMID:[A case report of renal cancer detected unexpectedly by X-ray CT during observations in the clinical course of cervical carcinoma]. 274 2

Disease-oriented phase II trials of doxifluridine were performed in advanced colorectal, breast, renal, endometrial, stomach, and ovarian carcinomas. The dose schedule recommended by the phase I trial (12.5 g/m2 by continuous iv infusion over 6 hours once a week for 3 weeks followed by a 1-week rest) was chosen first: the initial dose was later decreased to 10 g/m2 due to the fact that several neurotoxic effects were reported. A total of 207 patients were entered: 137 patients who received at least two courses of treatment were evaluable for response. Therapeutic activity was demonstrated in breast cancer [two complete responses (CR) and 13 partial responses (PR) among 42 patients], colon cancer (seven PRs among 35 patients), and rectal cancer (six PRs among 23 patients). Some therapeutic activity was detected in ovarian cancer (one CR among nine patients), endometrial cancer (one PR among five patients), and stomach cancer (one PR among five patients). No significant activity was noticed in renal cancer (one PR among 18 patients). Nonhematological toxicity was evaluated according to World Health Organization criteria. Nausea and vomiting were recorded in 50% of the patients (Grade 3-4 in 5%), diarrhea was recorded in 20% (Grade 3-4 in 5%), and cutaneous and allergic reactions were recorded in 10% (Grade 3-4 in 2%). Myelotoxicity during the first treatment course was mild; median wbc and platelet count nadirs (x 10(9) cells/L) were 4.1 (range, 0.1-11) and 194 (range, 20-482), respectively. Nevertheless, some cases of acute leukopenia and thrombopenia were reported. Consciousness alterations and neurologic symptoms were the major side effects (72 of 173 evaluable patients), since treatment had to be interrupted in 34 patients and four lethal neurotoxic effects occurred. At the same total dose of doxifluridine, the risk of neurotoxicity significantly increases with age and with the weekly dose and to the contrary it decreases with increasing bilirubin level. Although activity was demonstrated, this treatment cannot be recommended because of major neurotoxicity. Further pharmacological studies seem warranted to define the optimal dosage schedule and to obtain a better therapeutic index.
 ...
PMID:Phase II clinical evaluation of doxifluridine. 294 45

9 transplanted strains were used for the evaluation of antitumour effect of blastolysin. The short-term inhibition of the tumour growth was observed on the following models: breast cancer, stomach cancer, kidney cancer and chorionepithelioma.
 ...
PMID:[Therapeutic effect of blastolysin in athymic mice with transplanted strains of human tumors]. 339 Nov 26


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>