Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0024623 (gastric cancer)
 36,219 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The precision of CA 19-9 RIA kit was evaluated by recovery, reproducibility and dilution test with very satisfactory results. The CA 19-9 value in sera from 52 healthy individuals and from 224 patients with gastric intestinal cancer and other benign disease, showed an increased positive rate in several cases of gastric intestinal cancer. For example, the positive rate in pancreatic cancer, bile duct cancer, colo-rectal cancer, gastric cancer, esophagus cancer, primary biliary cirrhosis diabetes mellitus, liver cirrhosis and chronic hepatitis was 60%, 75%, 55.6%, 45.6%, 20%, 28.6%, 22.7%, 13.7% and 1.7% respectively. By contrast, values from patients with acute hepatitis, fulminant hepatitis, fatty liver, gastric duodenal ulcer, pancreatitis, and primary liver cancer were within the normal range. In this study, CA 19-9 RIA were found to be significant as an adjunct in the management of patients with gastrointestinal cancer, especially pancreatic cancer, and bile duct cancer.
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PMID:[Serum determination of CA 19-9 in patients with digestive cancers and its diagnostic evaluation]. 658 10

The risk of developing gastrointestinal cancer varies markedly between and within populations. These variations indicate that environmental factors, especially those associated with diet, are correlated strongly with the risk of developing intestinal tumours. In particular a diet high in animal fat and protein carries a high risk for colon cancer whereas the consumption of salted or pickled foods is associated with gastric cancer. Although many carcinogens have been identified in various food items none have been associated specifically with the incidence of a particular gastrointestinal cancer, not have any specific carcinogens been isolated from colonic or gastric contents. Mutagens, presumptive procarcinogens, have been detected in faecal and gastric samples, but, owing to problems with experimental design, have not been correlated with risk. As most common intestinal cancers arise in those segments of the intestine that are, or may be, most heavily colonised it has been hypothesised that these bacteria may form biologically active substrates in situ. In vitro studies have confirmed that intestinal bacteria can metabolise a wide range of substrates, such as steroids, bile acids and amino acids, to potential precarcinogens. Furthermore, the substrate for these reactions are generally present in higher concentration in the faeces of high risk colon cancer subjects, although similar data are not available for potential stomach cancer subjects.
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PMID:Aetiological factors in gastrointestinal carcinogenesis. 659 51

Of 16 human malignant tumor cell lines established in our laboratory, seven lines, including three gastric cancer cell lines derived from patients with cancer, were found to carry carcinoembryonic antigen on their cell surface, as determined by radioimmunoassay and indirect immunofluorescence. The existence of antibodies (IgG class) against the gastric cancer cell lines (HPE-GAC-T, -2, -3) and lung cancer cell line (HPL-Ad-K) in the sera of patients with gastrointestinal cancer (incidence 70.8%) was demonstrated by indirect immunofluorescence. In nonmalignant cases and healthy controls, the incidence was 7.7 and 3.2%, respectively. Specificity of the antibodies detected in the sera of patients with gastric cancer was examined by absorption and blocking test methods of immunofluorescence. Even though there was an apparent heterogeneity of the specificity among the antibodies, the detection of such antibodies may be a feasible and practical approach to a clinical diagnosis of malignancy.
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PMID:Carcinoembryonic antigen producing cultured cell lines enable detection of autoantibodies in sera from patients with gastrointestinal cancer. 674 81

The polyamine synthesis inhibitors--alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) and methylglyoxal bis (guanylhydrazone) (MGBG)--were put to antitumor tests based on the premise of treatment for human gastrointestinal cancer. The both drugs were administered intraperitoneally to BALB/c nude mice xenoplanted human gastric cancer for 10 consecutive days. Both marked antitumor effects and side effects were observed in mice treated at the dosage of DFMO 500 mg/kg/day and/or MGBG 50 mg/kg/day and/or MGBG 30 mg/kg/day brought about significant antitumor effects as well as less side effects. Microscopic observation revealed antitumor actions of these drugs as cytostatic rather than cytocidal. Tumor regrowth after the termination of this combined treatment, however, was noticed. Judging from these data, the both drugs may be effective against human gastrointestinal cancer with minor side effects.
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PMID:[Antitumor effects of polyamine synthesis inhibitors based on major premise of treatment for human malignant tumor]. 682 Aug 83

5-Fluorouracil (5-Fu) was administered by a constant venous infusion schedule at a dose of 300 mg/m2/d for 30-180 days. The dose schedule was associated with minimal toxicity in 32 patients with gastrointestinal cancer treated by employing a portable infusion pump for ambulatory drug delivery. Cumulative dose of 5-Fu was extended to three to four times that achieved by intermittent bolus therapy or short-term 5-day infusion therapy. Objective tumor regression was observed in six of 22 patients with measurable disease; 10 patients had stable disease, five of whom had a decrease in CEA levels. The responses according to tumor type were as follows: 1/1 gastric cancer; 1/2 hepatoma; and 4/18 colon cancer. The superiority of this new treatment schedule for 5-Fu will need to be established by prospective randomized clinical trials.
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PMID:Protracted ambulatory venous infusion of 5-fluorouracil. 683 1

Clinical strategy in chemotherapy of gastrointestinal cancer depends on availability of drugs with single-agent activity. If active drugs are available, combination chemotherapy trials can be developed. In gastric cancer, combinations of 5-fluorouracil with chloroethyl nitrosoureas or adriamycin and mitomycin C are capable of producing responses in 40-50% of patients. Such active combinations may now be evaluated in patients with less advanced gastric carcinoma. The role of combination chemotherapy is now being defined in patients with locally unresectable cancer and in the surgical adjuvant situation. In pancreatic and colorectal cancer, combination chemotherapy regimens have been of marginal effectiveness. The major thrust of clinical investigation must be directed toward phase II evaluations of single agents in these diseases.
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PMID:Clinical strategies in the chemotherapy of gastrointestinal cancer. 698 41

One hundred and fifteen patients with advanced gastrointestinal cancer (stomach cancer, 42 patients; gastroesophageal junction cancer, ten; pancreatic cancer, 32; and other upper gastrointestinal cancers, 31) were treated with a combination chemotherapy regimen consisting of 5-FU, doxorubicin, mitomycin, and semustine (methyl-CCNU) (FAMMe). Of the 31 patients with stomach cancer who were evaluable for response and had had no previous chemotherapy, 12 (39%) achieved complete or partial remission. One of eight (12%0 patients with gastroesophageal junction cancer and five of 23 (22%) patients with pancreatic cancer achieved a partial remission. The median duration of survival for all patients with adenocarcinoma of the stomach was 7.1 months. The median duration of survival for responding patients with stomach cancer was 13.6 months, and the median survival for nonresponding patients was 6.1 months. FAMMe chemotherapy was generally well-tolerated and can be administered in adequate doses without producing prohibitive myelosuppression. The starting dose should be reduced for patients greater than or equal to 70 years old or for patients who have received pelvic or vertebral radiation therapy. FAMMe is effective against advanced gastric cancer; however, because this was not a randomized comparative study of the relative effectiveness of FAMMe and FAM (5-FU, doxorubicin, and mitomycin), no recommendation for the use of one regimen instead of the other for advanced adenocarcinoma of the stomach can be made. FAMMe chemotherapy cannot recommended for advanced adenocarcinoma of the pancreas and gastroesophageal junction.
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PMID:Phase I--II study of the combination of 5-FU, doxorubicin, mitomycin, and semustine (FAMMe) in the treatment of adenocarcinoma of the stomach, gastroesophageal junction, and pancreas. 710 51

Plasma motilin levels were measured by radioimmunoassay both pre- and postoperatively in 37 patients who underwent abdominal surgery. In 8 colorectal cancer patients with tumor removal and in 13 stomach cancer patients with total gastrectomy by Roux-en-Y anastomosis or subtotal gastrectomy of Billroth I anastomosis, the motilin levels decreased before the onset of postoperative peristalsis, and at the time when peristaltic sounds could be detected stethoscopically, the plasma motilin levels had increased by 200% of the preoperative level. Similar motilin levels were maintained until the time of the initial postoperative flatus and/or stool. Thereafter, plasma motilin levels decreased and returned to almost the same levels as the preoperative ones. The postoperative time course of plasma motilin in 10 gallstone patients was very similar to that in the 21 gastrointestinal cancer patients above. In 5 stomach cancer patients with subtotal gastrectomy of Billroth II anastomosis, however, the peak at the time of the initial postoperative peristalsis was not as remarkable as that in the 13 stomach cancer patients.
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PMID:Plasma motilin levels in patients with abdominal surgery. 713 9

Occupational studies have shown that asbestos is a human carcinogen. Because many inhaled asbestos fibers deposited in the lung are cleared and swallowed, workers are also exposed through ingestion. Of the millions of current and former workers who have been heavily exposed to asbestos, one in ten will die from cancer of the gastrointestinal tract. A number on the order of 1 in 1,000 ingested asbestos fibers penetrate the digestive tract and ingested fibers have been recovered in such tissues as kidney, intestine, liver, and urine. One animal study showed tumor production related to ingestion of asbestos-containing material but, in general, the results of seven animal feeding studies have been inconclusive. A statistically significant relationship between male lung and stomach cancer and female peritoneal, gall bladder, and esophageal cancer and asbestos counts in drinking water was determined in one epidemiology study. Increased rates for male stomach and lung, and female pancreatic cancer related to asbestos in drinking water were reported in another study but possible occupational exposure made it difficult to draw conclusions. Data on excess gastrointestinal cancer among occupational groups has been used to estimate that drinking water containing 300,000 asbestos fibers per liter over a lifetime will result in one additional cancer among 100,000 people.
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PMID:The need to control asbestos fibers in potable water supply systems. 723 79

Cancers of the stomach, pancreas, colon and rectum are increasingly regarded as being diet-influenced. Migrants to Australia from England, Scotland, Ireland, Poland, Yugoslavia, Greece, and Italy have come from countries with varied dietary backgrounds and gastrointestinal cancer risks. Age-standardized cancer death rates in migrrants, by country of origin, sex, age, and duration of residence in Australia (less than or equal to 16 years and greater than 16 years), have been calculated for 1962-76, and compared with those of the Australian-born population. All seven migrant source countries, in 1970, had higher rates of stomach cancer than Australia, and the corresponding migrants groups, which initially reflected those higher rates, experienced an approximately 25% risk reduction with increased duration of residence. For cancer of the pancreas, migrants initially had rates well above their "native" rates; with longer stay, the risks generally converged upon that of the Australian-born population. The four "continental" (European) migrant groups, whose native risk of colon cancer is about half that of the Australian population, showed an increased risk with increasing duration of stay. The increase was greater in men than in women, perhaps reflecting their greater dietary acculturation. By contrast, Scottish migrants, with an initially high risk of cigrants showed even larger increases than colon cancer, while in British migrants there was a marked decline towards the "Australian-borne" risk. These various changes in cancer risk are discussed with reference to inter-country dietary differences.
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PMID:Patterns of gastro-intestinal cancer in European migrants to Australia: the role of dietary change. 737 70


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