Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0024623 (gastric cancer)
 36,219 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

UFT is a compound in which futraful (FT) and uracil are combined at a ratio of 1:4. UFT was given orally at a daily dose of 300-600 mg in a phase II study. Pooled data on a UFT phase II study of 438 evaluable patients, at 104 institutions revealed a response in carcinoma of the stomach (27.7%), pancreas (25.0%), gallbladder and bile duct (25.0%), liver (19.2%), colon and rectum (25.0%), breast (32.0%), and lung (7.0%). The mainly gastrointestinal toxicity resulted in anorexia (24.3%), nausea and vomiting (12.5%), and diarrhea (11.8%). On the other hand, hematological toxicity was rare and mild. To analyze the life-prolonging effect of the therapy, a cohort study was carried out in 438 cases collected in the UFT phase II study 5 years after the commencement of the therapy. The 50% survival time for 185 patients with gastric cancer was 185 days. The corresponding times in 54 patients with colorectal cancer and 49 with breast cancer were 227 and 505 days, respectively. A historical comparative study of UFT and FT, which was administered in the same institutions for equal evaluation, revealed that UFT had a significantly better effect than FT without more pronounced side effects with the equivalent dose schedule. In conclusion, UFT can be considered a useful against cancers over a broad spectrum, especially in gastrointestinal cancer.
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PMID:Report on nationwide pooled data and cohort investigation in UFT phase II study. 313 15

CA72-4 is a novel quantitative immunoradiometric assay system utilizing two monoclonal antibodies CC-49 and B72.3, which recognize a tumor-associated glycoprotein (TAG-72). We have utilized the CA72-4 RIA kit to measure serum levels of TAG-72 in 205 patients with carcinoma and 192 patients without carcinoma. The cut-off value (4.0 U/ml) was obtained according to the levels and the distribution of CA72-4 in 468 healthy individuals. The positive rates in 82 patients with gastric cancer, 55 with colorectal cancer, 24 with pancreatico-choledochal cancer, 36 with breast cancer, and 3 with ovarian cancer were 52%, 55%, 46%, 39%, and 67%, respectively. Fifty percent of the sera from 205 patients with carcinoma demonstrated increased levels of CA72-4, whereas only 10% of the sera from 192 patients without evidence of malignancy showed levels more than 4.0 U/ml. The average level of serum CA72-4 in the patients with carcinoma was 38.6 U/ml, much higher than that (2.7 U/ml) in patients without malignancy. The patients with gastrointestinal cancer at advanced stages or at recurrence showed higher levels of serum CA72-4 than the patients with cancer at early stages. These results thus indicate that CA72-4 is clinically useful as a novel tumor marker, especially for monitoring serum levels of TAG-72 in patients with gastrointestinal cancer, breast cancer, ovarian cancer and other epithelial malignancies.
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PMID:[Levels of circulating tumor-associated glycoprotein (TAG-72) in patients with carcinoma using a novel tumor marker, CA 72-4]. 316 66

Epidemiologic studies have reported associations between gastrointestinal cancer mortality and exposure to cutting fluids and abrasives in metal machining and precision grinding operations. Two previous studies found excess stomach cancer among workers exposed to water-based cutting fluids in bearing plants. This study reports similar findings in a third and larger population. Cause of death and work histories were determined for 1,766 bearing plant workers who died between Jan 1, 1950 and June 30, 1982. Mortality odds ratios (SMOR) and proportional mortality ratios (PMR) revealed significant excesses of gastrointestinal malignancies. The proportional mortality excess for stomach cancer among white men was greatest among those with more than 10 years' exposure in the major grinding group (PMR = 13/3.8 = 3.39; P less than .001). The SMOR by logistic regression for stomach cancer among white men was 2.3 (P = .02) for 25 years' grinding experience. For cancer of the pancreas among white men, there were significant associations with both machining and grinding jobs in straight oil (SMOR = 9.9 and 3.2, respectively, for 25 years duration). These findings could not be explained by confounding due to the ethnic background of the decedents. This study confirms previous evidence that grinding operations using water-based cutting fluids increase the risk for stomach cancer and provides moderate evidence that exposures to straight oil-cutting fluids increase the risk for cancer of the pancreas. There were indications, meriting further investigation, that non-malignant liver disease is associated with cutting fluid exposures and that lung cancer is associated with oil smoke from operations such as forging or heat treating.
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PMID:Mortality among bearing plant workers exposed to metalworking fluids and abrasives. 318 87

Recent studies identify digestive cancer excesses among workers exposed to cutting fluids, abrasive dusts, and oil smoke. Standardized proportional mortality and mortality odds ratio studies were carried out for a ball bearing plant. Cause of death and work histories were obtained for 702 of 768 hourly employees with ten or more years' service who died between 1969 and 1982. Union and company records were used to define exposure measures. The major findings were significant excesses in proportional mortality ratios (PMR) from stomach cancer (PMR = 2.0) and rectal cancer (PMR = 3.1) among white men. After control for age at death, there was a significant association between stomach cancer and precision grinding exposures, consisting primarily of direct contact with water-based cutting fluids (usually emulsified oils) and their aerosols. Some straight oils and synthetic cutting fluids were used as well. The pattern of stomach cancer is consistent with previous findings and suggests an association with the soluble oil cutting fluids.
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PMID:Causes of death among workers in a bearing manufacturing plant. 337 46

The results of a cooperative study on sequential MTX-5-FU treatment of gastrointestinal cancer were presented. The treatment consisted of three methods, A, B, C. At zero time, MTX 30 mg/m2 (A), 100 mg/m2 (B) and 300 mg/m2 (C) i.v. infusion were given, and 5-FU 600 mg/m2 (A, B, C) was infused 1-3 hours after MTX in gastric cancer patients and 7 hours afterwards in colorectal cancer patients. Twenty-four hours after MTX, leucovorin rescue of 10 mg/m2 p.o. was given either 0 times or once in A, 6 times in B and 8 times in C every 6 hours. In gastric cancer patients, the response rate was 23.2% of 56 cases in A, 40.5% of 37 cases in B and 0% of 3 cases in C. In colorectal cancer patients, the response rate was 28.6% of 21 cases in A, 20.0% of 15 cases in B and 0% of 3 cases in C. Median survival was 7.4 months (M) in total, 5.5 M in A and 7.6 M in B for gastric cancer, and 8.1 M in total, 10.9 M in A and 7.8 Min B for colorectal cancer. Side effects were mild and tolerable. In summary, in this phase II study on gastric cancer, although the response was limited with A, the relatively high response rate of 40.5% with B was promising. The subsequent phase III study will need to evaluate the biochemical modulation with sequential MTX-5-FU treatment in gastric cancer patients.
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PMID:[Biochemical modulation with sequential methotrexate (MTX)-5-fluorouracil (5-FU) treatment]. 349 47

This article updating cancer chemotherapy of gastrointestinal cancer completes the fivepart series begun in the April issue of the Journal. Treatment of cancer of the small intestine, the gallbladder and bile duct, primary cancer of the liver, and the esophagus are reviewed in this concluding article.Treatment of choice of cancer of the small intestine is surgical resection. Small bowel cancer is less responsive than gastric cancer to chemotherapy. While chemotherapy may produce temporary partial remissions in patients with gallbladder and bile duct cancer, there is no evidence that it produces longterm survival time. In primary liver cancer, surgery is the only curative treatment, but only 30 percent of patients are diagnosed with resectable lesions, and the surgical mortality rate is high. The most active single agents appear to be doxorubicin, fluorouracil, and neocarcinostatin. Data on combination chemotherapy are limited.With carcinoma of the esophagus, 95 percent of patients die of the condition. The standard treatment for locoregional disease is surgical resection and/or radiation therapy. Chemotherapy has been slow to develop; single-agent chemotherapy has been reported to be active in 15 percent of cases with durations of 2 to 5 months. Combination chemotherapy is so recent that data are incomplete as to long-term results of disease-free and total survival times, but polychemotherapy appears to be more effective than single agents.With earlier detection, prompt surgery, earlier chemotherapy, improved dose scheduling, and further exploration of combination therapy, better overall results with a major impact years later may be expected. Because of the lack of data, there remains uncertainty as to the place of chemotherapy in the treatment of gastrointestinal cancer.
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PMID:Update in cancer chemotherapy: gastrointestinal cancer, cancer of the small intestines, gallbladder, liver, and esophagus. 353 32

Endoscopic photodynamic therapy has been used in the treatment of 19 cases of upper gastrointestinal cancer of which six were superficial esophageal and 13 were early gastric cancer. Six patients subsequently underwent surgical resection. Residual tumors were found in the resected specimens of one esophageal carcinoma and in the two early gastric carcinomas. Technical problems resulted in one failure. Follow-up ranged from 4 months to 3 years and 11 months with no tumor recurrence in either the operated or unoperated patients. Other delivery systems are currently under investigation.
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PMID:Photoradiation therapy in early gastrointestinal cancer. 356 6

The mortality experience of 1074 white men who retired from a United States asbestos company during the period 1941-67 and who were exposed to asbestos working as production and maintenance employees for the company is reported to the end of 1980 when 88% of this cohort was known to be dead. As noted in earlier reports the mortality for respiratory and gastrointestinal cancer was raised. A more detailed examination of causes of death shows that the excess in gastrointestinal cancer was largely due to a statistically significant excess in stomach cancer. A statistically significant excess was also noted for kidney cancer, cancer of the eye, and non-malignant respiratory disease. Eight deaths from malignant mesothelioma were observed, two of which were peritoneal. Asbestos exposures for these mesothelioma cases were low relative to other members of the cohort. Continuing follow up of this cohort shows a dose response relation for respiratory cancer that has become increasingly linear. Standardised mortality ratios peaked 10 to 15 years after retirement and were relatively constant at around 250 in each five year interval starting in 1950. This excess might have been detected as early as 1960 but certainly by 1965. The mortality experience of this cohort reflects the ultimate effects of asbestos since nearly all of the cohort has now died.
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PMID:Asbestos and cancer: a cohort followed up to death. 360 68

Using the Su-PS skin test, an attempt was made to evaluate whether or not this reaction could become a useful immune parameter in patients with gastrointestinal cancer. The conclusions were as follows: Late-stage patients with gastric cancer showed a weak response in the Su-PS skin test when examined preoperatively. The skin reaction to Su-PS was shown to become stronger than in the PPD and PHA test when patients received OK-432 treatment. Patients with advanced cancer having longer survival (more than 7 months) showed stronger response in the Su-PS skin test that patients having short survival (less than 6 months). It was suggested that the Su-PS skin test was useful for evaluating the immune response to OK-432 treatment.
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PMID:[Clinical significance of a skin test (SU-PS) for immune responses in patients with gastrointestinal cancer treated with OK-432]. 377 60

Cisplatin (CDDP) was administered by intravenous drip in 3 cases of gastrointestinal cancer, and by intraperitoneal spraying in 2 other similar cases; and free CDDP and total CDDP levels in blood were determined with time. In the former cases, the free CDDP level rose from 30 minutes after the start of intravenous drip, to reach a peak at 2 approximately 4 hours after the end of the drip, while it was undetectable at 24 hours. The total CDDP level reached a peak 4 hours after the start of the drip, and then gradually decreased at 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours, although it still remained detectable in blood. In the latter cases, free CDDP appeared in blood at 15 minutes after the spraying, and disappeared from blood in 30 minutes to 1 hour. The total CDDP level reached a peak at 30 minutes, and then decreased in a manner similar to that seen in cases given the intravenous drip. CDDP levels in resected stomachs, resected colon and dissected lymph nodes following intravenous drip of CDDP were then measured in 4 cases of stomach cancer and another of cancer of the descending colon. There was no significant difference in CDDP level between cancer tissues, non-cancer tissues and lymph nodes. It thus appears that CDDP is taken up equally by normal tissues and cancer tissues, and that it may be necessary to study the metabolic pathways of CDDP after it has been taken up by the tissues.
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PMID:[A study of concentrations of CDDP in blood and cancer tissues in CDDP-treated gastrointestinal cancer]. 378 60


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