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Query: UMLS:C0024623 (gastric cancer)
 36,219 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

E-cadherin (ECD) is one of subclasses of the cadherin family which plays a major role in the maintenance of intercellular adhesion in epithelial tissues. An immunohistochemical study of ECD expression was performed on gastric adenocarcinoma from 103 patients using our monoclonal antibody for human ECD (HECD-1). ECD was strongly expressed in normal gastric epithelium without exception; however, various staining patterns were observed in cancer tissues. The frequency of tumours with preserved ECD expression (Pre-type) and reduced ECD expression (Rd-type) was 42% and 58% respectively. Tumours with a high frequency of Rd-type expression particularly included: undifferentiated tumours (85%, 46/54), Borrmann's type 4 (90%, 9/10), tumours larger than 2.6 cm in diameter (65%, 53/81), tumours invading beyond the subserosa layer (78%, 46/59), and tumours with infiltrative growth (87%, 41/47). Furthermore, the frequency of Rd-type expression in cases with peritoneal dissemination (82%, 9/11) or lymph node metastasis (73%, 43/59) was significantly higher than that in cases without dissemination or metastasis. These results suggest that ECD might play a key role in the genesis of histological differentiation, and that the reduction of ECD expression may affect the mode of invasion and metastasis of human gastric cancer cells.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical evaluation of E-cadherin adhesion molecule expression in human gastric cancer. 151 46

Gastric cancer involves changes in multiple oncogenes and multiple suppressor genes, and it causes genetic instability. Aberrant expression and amplification of the c-met gene, inactivation of the p53 gene, and CD44 abnormal transcripts are common events of both well differentiated and poorly differentiated gastric cancers. Amplification of the cyclin E gene is also observed in gastric cancer regardless of histologic type. Decreased expression of the pic1 (p21) gene occurs independent of the p53 mutations. In addition, K-ras mutations, c-erbB-2 gene amplification, loss of heterozygosity (LOH) and mutations of the APC gene, LOH of the bcl-2 gene, and LOH at the DCC locus are preferentially associated with well differentiated gastric cancer. Moreover, LOH on chromosome 1q is involved in the progression of well differentiated cancer. Precancerous lesions, including hyperplastic polyp, intestinal metaplasia, and adenoma, share genetic changes found in well differentiated cancers. Conversely, genetic instability may be involved in the first step of stomach carcinogenesis of the poorly differentiated type. Reduction or loss of cadherin and catenins, K-sam gene amplification, and c-met gene amplification are necessary for the development and progression of poorly differentiated or scirrhous carcinoma. Interaction between cell-adhesion molecules in the c-met expressed tumor cells and hepatocyte growth factor from stromal cells is implicated in the morphogenesis of two types of gastric cancer.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Molecular biology of gastric cancer. 767 88

Alterations in multiple oncogenes and multiple tumor suppressor genes are observed in human gastro-intestinal cancer. Among them, the most frequently implicated in malignancy and metastasis of esophageal carcinoma may be amplification and overexpression of the human cyclin D gene. In gastric carcinoma, amplification and abnormal expression of the c-met gene encoding receptor for hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) may contribute to the tumor progression and metastasis. Interaction between cadherin in c-met overexpressed tumor cells and HGF from fibroblast may play an important role in morphogenesis of two histological types of stomach cancer. During stomach carcinogenesis the clone having critical p53 mutations may expand selectively to make up a finally advanced stage of malignancy and show metastasis. In colorectal cancer, loss of heterozygosity of the RB, p53 and DCC genes is frequently associated with liver metastasis. Overexpression of nm23 may participate in carcinogenesis and the reduction in nm23 expression is involved in metastasis in gastric and colorectal cancers.
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PMID:[Metastasis related genes and malignancy in human esophageal, gastric and colorectal cancers]. 809 50

Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF)/Scatter Factor (SF) is a secretory glycoprotein from stromal fibroblasts which binds to the transmembrane c-met receptor. This receptor is expressed from a variety of tumors, including gastric carcinomas. To look for a possible paracrine loop between gastric cancer cells and their surrounding fibroblasts in gastric carcinoma, the effect of HGF/SF treatment on the morphology and the expression of cell adhesion molecules was examined. The cell line TMK-1, established from poorly differentiated gastric carcinoma, responded with scattering after HGF/SF treatment. We found that the observed morphological changes were accompanied with a reduced expression of E- and P-cadherin protein in these cells. In a cell line established from well differentiated gastric carcinoma, named MKN-28, neither scattering nor changes in cadherin expression could be detected. This results suggested, that HGF/SF is a regulator of cell adhesion via affecting E- and P-cadherin. Taking into account, that only cells from poorly differentiated gastric carcinoma cell lines responded in scattering after HGF/SF treatment, paracrine secreted HGF/SF may play an important role in the pathogenesis of these type of gastric carcinoma in vivo.
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PMID:Effect of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/scatter factor (SF) on cell adhesion in gastric cancer. 816 32

Gene changes in multiple oncogenes, multiple growth factors and multiple tumor-suppressor genes are observed in stomach cancer. Among them, those most commonly implicated in both well-differentiated adenocarcinoma and poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma are inactivation (mutations and allele loss) of the p53 gene, and activation (abnormal expression and amplification) of the c-met gene. Moreover, they occur at an early stage of stomach carcinogenesis. In addition, loss of heterozygosity (LOH) on chromosome 5q (APC locus) is frequently associated with well-differentiated adenocarcinoma. LOH on chromosome 18q (DCC locus) and LOH of the bcl-2 gene also are common events of well-differentiated adenocarcinoma. LOH on chromosomes 1q and 7q may be involved in the progression of well-differentiated adenocarcinoma. Conversely, the development of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma, in addition to changes in p53 and c-met genes, requires reduction or dysfunction of cadherin. Overexpression of bcl-2 protein is observed in poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma or signet-ring cell carcinoma. Moreover, the K-sam gene is amplified preferentially in poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of scirrhous carcinoma. K-sam amplification in scirrhous carcinoma often occurs independently of c-met gene amplification. LOH on chromosome 1p also is relatively common in poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. Exceptionally, signet-ring cell carcinoma shares APC mutations. There are some differences in expression of the growth-factor/receptor system between well-differentiated adenocarcinoma and poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. Moreover, interaction between cell-adhesion molecules in tumor cells expressing c-met and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) from stromal cells is linked with morphogenesis of two histological types of stomach cancer. Intestinal metaplasia and adenoma of the stomach also contain p53 mutations and K-ras mutations or tpr-met rearrangement. Taken together, different genetic pathways of stomach carcinogenesis may exist for poorly differentiated and well-differentiated stomach cancers. Some of the latter may develop by a cumulative series of gene alterations similar to those of colorectal cancer.
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PMID:Molecular mechanism of stomach carcinogenesis. 844 Jul 43

We examined the expression of cadherin-11, a type II cadherin, in normal human tissues, cell lines and gastric cancer surgical specimens. Cadherin-11 was expressed widely in adult tissues, except the liver. It was expressed in fibroblast, mesothelial cell lines, and in only two signet ring cell carcinomas out of 16 various cancer cell lines. Cadherin-11 expression was detected in both signet ring cell carcinoma cells and surrounding fibroblasts of surgical specimens by in situ hybridization. These results suggest that cadherin-11 may play a role in the formation of diffuse-type gastric cancer through cancer-stromal interactions.
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PMID:Simultaneous expression of cadherin-11 in signet-ring cell carcinoma and stromal cells of diffuse-type gastric cancer. 861 18

Aberrant tyrosine phosphorylation of beta-catenin inactivates the E-cadherin-mediated cell adhesion and invasion suppressor system in cancer cells. Elucidation of the association between beta-catenin and c-erbB-2 protein prompted us to investigate whether interference with this interaction can change the invasive phenotype. In a human gastric cancer cell line, TMK-1, N-terminally deleted beta-catenin, which binds to c-erbB-2 but not to cadherin, inhibited the association between endogenous beta-catenin and c-erbB-2 protein, and suppressed the tyrosine phosphorylation of beta-catenin. Cells expressing truncated beta-catenin exhibited markedly reduced invasiveness in vitro and peritoneal metastasis in vivo, and developed an epithelial morphology. These results suggest that tyrosine phosphorylation of beta-catenin regulated by c-erbB-2 protein may play an important role in the invasion, metastasis and morphogenesis of cancer cells and that inhibition of the aberrant tyrosine phosphorylation of beta-catenin effectively prevents invasion and metastasis of cancer cells.
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PMID:Dominant negative inhibition of the association between beta-catenin and c-erbB-2 by N-terminally deleted beta-catenin suppresses the invasion and metastasis of cancer cells. 880 77

Genetic instability, alterations of tumor suppressor genes as well as activation of oncogenes and aberrant expression of growth factor/receptor system found in human stomach carcinogenesis are overviewed. Aberrant expression and amplification of the c-met gene, inactivation of the p53 gene and amplification of the cyclin E gene are common events of both well differentiated and poorly differentiated gastric carcinomas. K-ras mutations, c-erbB2 gene amplification, loss of heterozygosity (LOH) and mutations of the APC, LOH of the bcl-2 gene and LOH at DCC locus are preferentially associated with well differentiated gastric cancer. On the other hand, microsatellite instability, reduction or loss of cadherin and catenins, K-sam and c-met gene amplification confer the development and progression of poorly differentiated or scirrhous gastric carcinomas. Interaction between cell-adhesion molecules in the c-met expressed cancer cells and hepatocyte growth factor from stromal cells is involved in morphogenesis of gastric cancer.
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PMID:[Multistep stomach carcinogenesis]. 892 Jun 75

We have identified a novel member of the cadherin superfamily. Among the members of the superfamily, this protein exhibited the highest overall homology with protocadherin-1 (46-49% identity). Its mRNA was predominantly expressed in the brain and heart. Hence, we named the gene BH-protocadherin (BH-Pcdh) (HGMW-approved symbol PCDH7). BH-Pcdh has an extracellular domain consisting of seven repeats of the cadherin motif (EC 1 to 7). EC2 of BH-Pcdh is unique in having a 55-amino-acid insertion in the middle of the motif. There are three isoforms of BH-Pcdh, denoted -a, -b, and -c, which have different cytoplasmic tails and a 47-amino-acid deletion in the EC2-3 region of BH-Pcdh-c. While only a 9.0-kb message was detected in normal tissues, 4.5- and 9.0-kb mRNA species were seen in the human lung carcinoma cell line A549. Furthermore, only the 4.5-kb mRNA was detected in HeLa cell S3 and human gastric cancer cell lines MKN28 and KATO-III. Southern blot analysis indicated that the BH-Pcdh gene is likely to be conserved among various vertebrates. The BH-Pcdh gene was localized to human chromosome 4p15. Interestingly, 4p15 is a region of loss of heterozygosity in some head and neck squamous cell carcinomas.
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PMID:Cloning, expression analysis, and chromosomal localization of BH-protocadherin (PCDH7), a novel member of the cadherin superfamily. 961 33

Tyrosine phosphorylation of beta-catenin, an intracytoplasmic E-cadherin-binding protein, has been shown to disrupt the cadherin-mediated cell adhesion system in vitro. In order to investigate the relationships of expression and tyrosine phosphorylation of cadherin-catenin molecules and expression of growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase with loose cell-to-cell adhesion, immunohistochemical staining for E-cadherin, alpha- and beta-catenin, phosphorylated tyrosine residues and tyrosine kinase receptors, including c-erbB-2, epidermal growth factor-receptor (EGF-R), c-met and K-sam, in 17 undifferentiated- and 10 differentiated-type human gastric cancers was performed. Loss or reduced expressions of E-cadherin and alpha- and beta-catenin (11, 11, 10 cancers, respectively) were observed in the former, but not the latter. Diffuse cytoplasmic staining of E-cadherin, alpha- and beta-catenin and phosphotyrosine residues was observed frequently in the undifferentiated-type cancers. The cytoplasmic localization of phosphotyrosine residues in undifferentiated-type cancers was correlated significantly with K-sam expression (P < 0.01) and diffuse cytoplasmic staining of E-cadherin (P < 0.05) and beta-catenin (P < 0.05). Expression of K-sam protein was detected significantly more frequently in undifferentiated- (6/17; P < 0.05) than differentiated-type adenocarcinomas whereas the converse applied to c-erbB-2 expression (8/10 of the latter, P < 0.05). Tyrosine phosphorylation of beta-catenin was directly confirmed in the protein extracts of one undifferentiated-type gastric cancer. These data indicate that alteration of tyrosine phosphorylation status associated with K-sam expression may cause the cytoplasmic distribution of cadherin-catenin molecules and loose cell-cell adhesion in undifferentiated-type gastric cancers.
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PMID:Expression of cadherin-catenin cell adhesion molecules, phosphorylated tyrosine residues and growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinases in gastric cancers. 976 19


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