Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0024623 (gastric cancer)
 36,219 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), and carcinoplacental alkaline phosphatase (CPALP) were detected simultaneously in the sera and body fluids of two male patients with gastric carcinoma matestatic to the liver. At autopsy, widely disseminated gastric cancer of Borrmann III type with liver metastases was revealed in both bases. Histologically, they were moderately differentiated tubular and papillary adenocarcinomas with marked cellular atypia and necrosis. In Case 1, the properties of CPALP were identical to Nagao type CPALP, and in Case 2 the Variant type CPALP. Using immunofluorescence, CEA and CPALP were demonstrated in both primary and metastatic cells. However, only in Case 2 was AFP observed in some of the primary tumor cells.
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PMID:Carcinoembryonic antigen, alpha-fetoprotein and carcinoplacental alkaline phosphatase in gastric carcinoma metastatic to the liver. 7 44

Six hundred and twenty-two autopsies of patients with malignant neoplasm were used for this study. The incidence of cardiac involvement in relation to the sites of the primary tumor, the anatomical distribution within the heart, and the ECG findings in the patients with and without cardiac involvement were analysed. The incidence of cardiac involvement by malignant tumor was 12.7% (79 out of 622 cases). Involvement by breast and pulmonary cancer was found to be very common, while intestinal and gastric cancer uncommonly metastasised to the heart. The incidence of epicardial involvement was higher than that of the pericardium, myocardium, or endocardium. A significant difference was observed in the ECG findings recorded within 3 months before death between the groups with and without cardiac involvement. Cases of myocardial metastasis were always associated with the pattern of myocardial damage in the ECG. The findings in this study are discussed in the light of previous reports.
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PMID:The effect of malignant neoplasms on the heart. A study on the electrocardiographic abnormalities and the anatomical findings in cases with and without cardiac involvement. 115 84

Using Avidn-biotin-peroxidase complex (ABC) immunohistochemical method, 68 gastric cancer specimens and 20 non-cancerous stomach specimens were examined for ER. In 38 of 68 gastric cancer specimens, ER concentrations were also biochemically determined by Dextran-coated charcoal (DCC) assay. The results showed that ER was absent in noncancerous stomach tissues. ER was present in 21 (30.9%) of gastric cancers. The ER positive cases were chiefly poorly differentiated gastric cancers. There were no significant statistical differences in the patient's age or sex, size of primary tumor and the ER positive rates. The results indicate that endocrine therapy might be useful for the ER positive gastric cancer patients.
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PMID:[Detection of estrogen receptors (ER) in gastric cancer]. 131 69

Between 1965 and 1985, 489 patients with advanced gastric cancer who were treated with gastric resection and in whom tumor cells remained after the operation were defined as cases of a "noncurative resection." The clinicopathological features and prognosis of these patients were examined and two groups were prepared: locally advanced cancer and cancer with a distant metastasis. In locally advanced cancer cases, tumor cells remained in the neighboring organs, lymph nodes, and/or resected margins; in those with distant metastasis, peritoneal dissemination and/or liver metastasis were present regardless of whether or not the metastasis was removed, with or without locally noncurative factors. Serosal invasion was prominent and high rates of lymph node metastasis and lymphatic involvement were evident in both groups. The survival rate for patients with locally advanced gastric cancer was better than that of patients with distant metastasis (P < 0.01). Survival time in patients with locally advanced cancer can be lengthened by resecting all of the primary tumor and as much of the metastatic lesions as possible, even if the surgical management is "noncurative." Aggressive postoperative chemotherapy for patients with distant metastasis from a gastric cancer is to be recommended.
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PMID:Noncurative resection for advanced gastric cancer. 143 51

A new human gastric cancer cell line (MKK-1), derived from Borrmann type 3 tumor of the stomach, was established. It was obtained from poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. The cell line grew in vitro, forming a sheet of monolayered cells and attaching firmly to the inner surface of culture vessels; it continued to grow for more than 1 year and 4 months. Its doubling time was 12.6 hours, with a chromosomal mode of 69. The cells could grow in nude mice; histological findings of the tumors developed in the mice showed a pattern similar to those in the primary tumor, i.e., poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. With regards to tumor-related antigens, production of the CA19-9 was observed as time-dependent increase and was detected at a level of 4 U/ml in the culture supernatant on passage day 7, showing high values compared with the control. Immunostaining was positive for both the anti CEA antibody and the anti CA19-9 antibody. In sera examined in week 4 after subcutaneous transplantation of MKK-1 to the nude mice, CEA and CA19-9 levels were high, at 8.93 ng/ml and 44 U/ml, respectively. There was a positive correlation between increase in a tumor weight and the production of tumor-related antigens.
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PMID:[Establishment and characterization of a new poorly differentiated gastric cancer cell line (MKK-1), derived from Borrmann type 3 tumor]. 146 Jul 64

Tissue and cell homogenates were prepared for PG and LDH study from 20 samples of histologically proven gastric cancer (GC), 6 samples of gastric cancer xenografts (THPGC-1) of different passages (GCXG) and cultured cells of 3 different gastric cancer cell lines (GCCL). Normal gastric mucosa (NGM) was also obtained from the resected stomach far distant from the primary tumor and histologically tumor free. The results indicated that the expression of PG isoenzymes was low or absent and the PG activities were significantly decreased in GC, GCXG and GCCL as compared to NGM. The activity of LDH was also significantly increased in GC, GCXG and GCCL. In addition, there was a change in isoenzyme pattern in GC and GCXG in which isoenzyme type M was observed whereas isoenzyme type H was preponderent in NGM. The results show that the human gastric cancer xenograft, THPGC-1, has biological properties very similar to those of the primary tumor suggesting that THPGC-1 is a reliable model for the study of the molecular biology of human gastric cancer.
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PMID:[A comparative study of pepsinogen (PG) and lactic acid dehydrogenase (LDH) activities and isoenzyme patterns in tissues from human primary gastric cancer, gastric cancer xenografts in nude mice and gastric cancer cell lines]. 157 9

Surgery is still the treatment of choice in gastric cancer. However, despite the availability of extended surgical procedures, the majority of patients with stage IV gastric cancer have a poor prognosis. Therefore, other treatment modalities, especially systemic chemotherapy, have been investigated intensively. The recent successes achieved with combination chemotherapy regimens, such as EAP, strongly indicated that gastric cancer is chemosensitive. We also treated previously untreated patients with advanced and recurrent gastric cancer. Chemotherapy of CDDP 30 mg/m2 was given intravenously (i.v.) on day 1; etoposide 70 mg/m2 (i.v.) on days 2 to 4; and 5-FU 500 mg/m2 (i.v.) on days 2 to 5. The courses were repeated every 3 weeks. FEP induced an overall response rate of 25%, including 25% PR (primary tumor) and 25% PR (liver-metastasis). The median survival rate for all patients was 7.3 months and partial responses were seen in three patients with a median response duration of 13.1 months. In 2 patients with PR of primary tumor, one patient underwent a second-look operation and one patient refused an operation. Therefore, ten of 12 patients entered have died, and 2 patients remain alive. We concluded that FEP regimen can be useful in the treatment of advanced and recurrent gastric cancer. Moreover, the preoperative use of effective regimens seems to improve prognosis.
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PMID:[Combination therapy with 5-FU, etoposide and CDDP (FEP regimen) in advanced primary and recurrent gastric cancer]. 158 Jun 37

The accumulating data show that endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) is highly compatible with the UICC/AJCC staging classification for esophageal and gastric cancer, based on the TNM system expressing anatomical extent of disease. The great strength of EUS in staging these cancers is its ability to image the gut wall and adjacent structures in unique detail. EUS is more accurate than computed tomography in staging the depth of primary tumor invasion (T) and regional lymph node metastases (N). High frequency EUS is not useful in staging for distant metastases (M) due to limited depth of the field. EUS also has limitations in reliably distinguishing between neoplastic and inflammatory tissue. Thus, the major use of EUS is in staging rather than in diagnosis. However, initial reports indicate that EUS may be helpful in the detection of malignancy in Barrett's esophagus, in diagnosing post-operative recurrent cancer, and in evaluating the response to non-operative therapy. EUS appears to represent an important advance in the staging and follow-up of patients with esophageal and gastric cancer. Instruments and techniques will continue to evolve, but the next level of research should be designed to show that the improved staging provided by EUS has clinical utility and can affect patient outcome.
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PMID:Endoscopic ultrasonography in the diagnosis, staging and follow-up of esophageal and gastric cancer. 163 69

A poorly differentiated medullary carcinoma of human stomach, designated HY-1, was successfully transplanted to nude mice by either the subcutaneous or intramuscular route for five generations. The transplanted tumor showed spontaneous lung metastases in nearly 100% of KSN and Balb/c female nude mice. There were over 20 visible lung metastatic nodules in KSN and Balb/c nude mice bearing tumors for over 80 days. Immunostaining of type IV collagen and electron microscopy revealed that tumor cells were often in direct contact with basement membrane (BM) of tumor blood vessels in the primary tumor tissue. At the site of contact between tumor cells and vascular BM, focal disappearance of the BM, disruption of endothelial cells and entry of tumor cell clusters into vascular lumen were observed. Immunostaining of 72 kDa gelatinase/type IV collagenase demonstrated that tumor cells expressed this enzyme in their cytoplasm. These results suggest that spontaneous metastasis of this tumor may be partly due to a marked tendency to vascular invasion involving the following sequential events: tumor cell contact with vascular BM, BM degradation possibly by 72 kDa gelatinases and endothelial disruption. This model could be a useful tool for understanding the mechanism of hematogenous metastasis of human gastric cancer.
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PMID:Establishment and characterization of a new spontaneous metastasis model of human gastric carcinoma in nude mice. 165 13

In an effort to identify factors in primary tumors that would predict liver metastases, we retrospectively reviewed 102 patients with gastric cancer, and their tissue blocks were restained. New staining methods for elastin and endothelium were used to identify intratumoral vessels. Blood vessel invasion, thus detected, was analyzed quantitatively, as well as qualitatively, according to the location of invasion, the size of the involved vessel, and the mode of invasion. The invasion was then compared with the presence of liver metastasis by the chi 2 test, the Mann-Whitney U test, and the Student t test. Discrimination analysis of factors significantly correlated with liver metastasis was performed with linear discrimination function to identify a predictive model for liver metastasis. Significant differences in qualitative frequency of blood vessel invasion (p less than 0.01), the number of lymph node metastases (p less than 0.05), and the depth of tumor invasion (p less than 0.05) were found in those patients in whom liver metastasis developed, as compared with 5-year disease-free survivors. Quantitative analysis of blood vessel invasion revealed eight other factors correlated with liver metastasis; frequency of blood vessel invasion in the 0.01 to 0.1 mm and 0.1 to 1 mm diameter vessels, in the forms of complete, partial tumor thrombi, and vessel wall invasion, in the submucosa and the subserosa, and the number of anatomic stomach layers involved. Application of the discrimination coefficient to these factors allows prediction of liver metastasis with 81.8% sensitivity, 85.3% specificity, and 83.6% accuracy. Liver metastasis can be predicted from the qualitative and quantitative examination of blood vessel invasion within the primary tumor by the use of an elastic fiber stain.
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PMID:Blood vessel invasion in gastric carcinoma. 168 80


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