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Query: UMLS:C0024623 (gastric cancer)
 36,219 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 31-month-old female mongrel dog was orally administered with 50 mg or 100 mg of N-nitrosobutylurea (NBU) in gelatin-capsule 3 times per week for 19 months with interposing periods of complete suspension. Thirty-four foci of signet ring cell carcinoma were found in the antral region of the stomach. The majority of the foci (31 foci) were early cancer, and the remaining foci were invasive cancer. In addition to these lesions, there was "a single gland cancer" in which a row of cancer cells was confined to a single gland. The whole gland was composed of two cell layers; the inner layer facing the lumen was normal gastric cells and the outer layer was atypical or neoplastic cells underlaid by the basement membrane. Mitosis was frequently observed on the bottom of the gland. Atypical or neoplastic cells seemed to mature gradually through a process of upward migration with increase in cytoplasmic Alcian blue-PAS and HID-AB positive mucin. Some of the cells rich in mucin moved into the lamina propria. The other cells remained in the flow of the regular cell renewal system of the normal gastric cells and reached the top of the gland. This observation revealed a mode of incipient gastric cancer growth, which starts and spreads within a single gland, before it invades the surrounding lamina propria.
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PMID:A mode of incipient growth in chemically induced signet ring cell carcinoma of the canine stomach. 22 34

From personal interviews obtained for 7,518 incident cases of invasive cancer from the population-based Third National Cancer Survey, the quantitative lifetime use of cigarettes, cigars, pipes, unsmoked tobacco, wine, beer, hard liquor, and combined alcohol were recorded, as well as education and family income level. In an initial screening analysis of these data, Mantel-Haenszel 2 X 2 contingency tabulations and multiple regression analyses were used to compare each specific cancer site with controls from other sites to test for associations with the "exposure variables." Significant positive associations with cigarette smoking were found for cancers of the lung, larynx, oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, pancreas, bladder, kidney, and uterine cervix. Other forms of tobacco were associated with cancers of the oral cavity, larynx, lung, and cervix. Consumption of wine, beer, hard liquor, and all combined showed positive associations with neoplasms of the oral cavity larynx, esophagus, colon, rectum, breast, and thyroid gland. College educaton and high income both showed positive associations with cancers of the breast, thyroid gland, uterine corpus, and melanomas in males. These same indicators of high socioeconomic status showed inverse associations with invasive neoplasms of the uterine cervix, lung, lip-tongue, and colon in females. College attendance (but not income) showed an inverse association with stomach cancer and positive association with pancreatic cancer in males. Still other tumor sties showed "suggestive" associations with each of these exposure variables. In the analyses producing these results, age, race, sex, smoking, drinking, education, income, parity, foreign birth, marital status, and geographic location were used as stratification variables separately or in combination when appropriate to assess and control for their potentially confounding affects and to examine results in different strata to assess interaction.
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PMID:Association of cancer sites with tobacco and alcohol consumption and socioeconomic status of patients: interview study from the Third National Cancer Survey. 55 14

One goal of the war against cancer is to create declines in cancer mortality rates. A decrease in these rates can only occur in two ways: 1) a decrease in incidence rates and 2) a real increase in overall survival rates. Reductions in incidence rates can be envisioned to occur through three mechanisms (in order of the time course of cancer): 1) reduction or amelioration of environmental or lifestyle risk factors, 2) use of agents that prevent the occurrence of cancer by blocking the progression to cancer, and 3) early detection at a preneoplastic state combined with treatment that prevents or delays progression to invasive cancer. "True" increases in overall survival can occur by two mechanisms (in order of the time course of cancer): 1) early detection of cancer by screening tests and subsequent effective treatment and 2) advancements in treatment. Unique patterns or "fingerprints" of stage-specific incidence and overall incidence and of survival rates characterize the various cancer prevention and control mechanisms that can decrease mortality rates. The rates are presented for five organ sites that have shown reduced cancer mortality. The patterns of rates for breast cancer for women under the age of 65 years were most consistent with early detection. The testicular cancer fingerprints were most consistent with advances in treatment, whereas cervical cancer rates were most consistent with the detection of preneoplastic lesions. The stomach cancer fingerprints were indicative of reductions in lifestyle or environmental risks, and colorectal cancer rates were indicative of a combination of treatment advances and early detection. These fingerprint patterns can be extended to other situations in which mortality trends are changing in order to suggest possible causes of observed changes. Limitations of this model are also discussed.
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PMID:Analysis of the role of cancer prevention and control measures in reducing cancer mortality. 174 16

Although cases of simultaneous invasive cancer of the esophagus and primary gastric cancer have been reported sporadically, the incidence of the association of superficial esophageal cancer and early gastric cancer is extremely low. In this paper we report on two cases of the rare combination of superficial squamous cell cancer of the esophagus and simultaneous early adenocarcinoma of the stomach. A total of 18 such cases in the literature are reviewed and discussed with respect to surgical procedure and the choice of alimentary tract for the reconstruction of the esophagus.
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PMID:Simultaneous superficial squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus and early gastric adenocarcinoma. 177 90

This study tests whether malignant melanoma (MM) patients are at higher risk of having an unrelated second cancer by comparing the observed incidence of a second cancer in a given population of MM patients with the expected number in an age-matched and sex-matched group of healthy people followed for a similar period. The analysis was based on the person-years method in which the main consideration is the follow-up period after the diagnosis of MM. Of 370 patients with histologically confirmed MM, 27 (7.3%) had a second noncutaneous invasive cancer, diagnosed either simultaneously (within 6 months, five patients) or after the diagnosis of MM (22 patients). The follow-up period for the entire MM group was 1253 person-years, a period during which the expected number of cancer cases in the normal population, according to the Israel Cancer Registry, was 6.6. The observed-expected ratio or the relative risk (RR) was 4.1 (P less than 0.01). After excluding the five patients with simultaneous diagnosis of MM and a second cancer, analysis of the remaining 22 patients in whom MM definitely preceded the second cancer showed an RR of 3.3 (P less than 0.01). For the entire group, there were nine patients with breast cancer, five with head and neck cancer (two with thyroid and three with oral cavity cancer), five with gynecologic cancer (one with uterine and four with ovarian cancer), five myeloproliferative malignancies (one with lymphoma, three with chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and one with myeloma), three gastrointestinal carcinomas (two with colon and one with stomach cancer), and two soft tissue sarcomas. When the differential analysis according to gender and age was done, it was found that the RR was higher for women (5.5, P less than 0.01) than for men where the RR was 2.2 (P less than 0.05). Differential analysis for various age groups showed that the trend for second cancer was consistent in all age groups, with a slight increase in the younger ones. None of the variables of MM, such as location of the primary tumor, level of invasion, or stage, were predictive for a second cancer. Furthermore, the RR for a second cancer did not relate significantly with the treatment given to the MM patient. Concerning the type of second cancer, it was found that the RR was especially high for breast cancer--6.6. These data indicate that MM patients may be at higher risk for having a noncutaneous invasive cancer compared with the general population.
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PMID:Are malignant melanoma patients at higher risk for a second cancer? 206 89

Effectiveness of screening has been established for two cancer sites: breast and cervix uteri. Only for these, therefore, are national policies applicable. The degree of effectiveness of such programs will depend on the coverage of the eligible population; organized programs are, therefore, essential. For cancer of the cervix, nearly maximal efficacy will be obtained by screening sexually active women from 25 to 60 years of age every 3 years. For cancer of the breast, current evidence only justifies screening from 50 years of age; most programs will stop at 70 years of age. Mammography every 2 years will provide nearly maximal efficacy. The place of breast self-examination and physical examination of the breasts is under investigation. In Japan, screening for stomach cancer is justifiable, although strict evidence of effectiveness is lacking. Screening for other cancers must still be regarded as experimental, including the use of sigmoidoscopy and fecal occult blood tests for colorectal cancer, and visual examination of the mouth for oral cancer. Because of organizational and other difficulties, screening seems unlikely to make a major contribution to reduction in overall cancer mortality by the year 2000. However, if organizational problems can be overcome, screening has the potential to control invasive cancer of the cervix, and to make a major contribution to reduction in breast cancer mortality.
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PMID:Screening for cancer: state of the art and prospects for the future. 265 58

The simple, quick and non-invasive application of the "Bi-Digital O-Ring Test Cancer Screening Method" for adenocarcinoma of the stomach originally described by Y. Omura, indicated 21 out of 196 randomly selected patients who visited our hospital (114 male and 82 female with an average age of 57.2 years) to have a cancer positive response regardless of their original chief complaint. In all these 21 patients we did imaging of the outline of the stomach and localized adenocarcinoma positive area with the "Bi-Digital O-Ring Test Imaging Method." 5 out of 21 patients were confirmed to have adenocarcinoma of the stomach by microscopic examination of biopsied stomach tissue following X-ray and gastroscopic examination. Of these 5 patients with the cancer, 3 had no chief complaint indicative of stomach problems. This study indicated that simple, quick and non-invasive cancer screening method using "Bi-Digital O-Ring Test" with microscopic slide of adenocarcinoma of stomach as reference control substance, can detect stomach cancer with much greater accuracy, without giving any physical discomfort to the patient and with minimum time and expense, compared with well established standard x-ray and gastroscopic examination methods. The effectiveness and relative accuracy of mass screening of patients for gastric cancers using "Bi-Digital O-Ring Test" was well established by this study.
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PMID:Simple and quick gastric cancer screening method using the "Bi-Digital O-Ring Test" and its critical evaluation by standard X-ray, gastroscopic and pathological microscopic examination. 289 67

Data from the national tumor registry of Costa Rica for the years 1979-1983 have been used to calculate incidence rates for the major cancer sites by age, sex, urban-rural residence, and geographic region. Recent trends in mortality rates are also presented. Results are compared with data from elsewhere in Latin America, U.S.A., Europe, and Japan. Stomach cancer is the most frequent neoplasm in Costa Rica; although rates are declining, they are second only to those observed in Japan. There are marked variations in risk by region, suggesting important environmental influences in etiology. The cervix is the major female site; rates are declining in young women, probably due to the introduction of screening programs, although these do not seem to account for the geographic variations in invasive cancer incidence. Breast and prostate cancer show moderate rates, while those for colon and rectum cancer are low; increases in mortality rates for these sites are small, and involve mainly the older age groups. In contrast, rates of lung cancer are increasing dramatically in both sexes. In the childhood age group, very high incidence rates are observed for two neoplasms: Hodgkin's disease and acute lymphocytic leukemia.
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PMID:Cancer in Costa Rica. 291 Apr 91

First, we presented an actual diagnostic situation in nowadays for gastric cancer of Borrmann 4, which is virtually the same as scirrhous gastric cancer. Among 12 patients treated by the author, all of whom were discovered late, only 3 underwent surgery. In fact, with inoperable cases in Borrmann 4, even those endoscopically found to show insufficient stretching of the gastric wall, thickening and tortuosity of folds, uneven gastric mucosa, redness and white coating, there may be negative in gastric biopsy. However, the significance of an endoscopic examination for diagnosis of scirrhous cancer is in obtaining proof of the carcinoma (especially when still operable) by gastric biopsy. Thus, one must strive not to overlook slight redness, white coating which means small erosions, but to go over gastric biopsy again and again. Next, with carcinoma presenting a leather bottle (linitis plastica type) of the stomach itself, the II c portion of the stomach consisted of fundic glands (undifferentiated carcinoma) shall become the primary focus supporting Nakamura's theory. One case of diffuse invasive cancer, mistakenly diagnosed as a II c case, and two cases of regional type, one similar to II c and the other a Borrmann 2 carcinoma of advanced carcinoma showing strongly fibrous scirrhous tendency toward infiltration, were jointly monitored.
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PMID:[Present diagnostic status of scirrhous type gastric cancer--with special reference to the endoscopic diagnosis]. 301 25

Fifty-eight patients with bone metastasis from gastric cancer, of whom 33 patients were resected cases and 25 were autopsies, were investigated. The incidence of bone metastasis of gastric cancer was 13.4% (33/246) among autopsies and was higher than that (1.5%, 33/2242) among resected cases. We attempted to clarify the factors related to bone metastasis by clinicopathological study. Bone metastasis had a tendency to occur in invasive cancer such as Borrmann types three or four. Histological examination revealed that 86% (50/58) of bone metastasis was poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma and that the stroma was scirrhous type in almost all cases. We measured serum alkaline phosphatase in patients with bone metastasis of recurrent gastric cancer, and found that the levels were relatively related to the condition of bone metastasis. However, the prognosis of patients with bone metastasis was not good and the mean survival time was about 5 months after the appearance of symptoms. In our department, we employ total body hyperthermia in such cases. This method has proved relatively effective for bone metastasis, as reflected by bone scintigram and changes in serum alkaline phosphatase values. As there is no reliable method of treatment for bone metastasis of gastric cancer, the present approach may be worth trying.
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PMID:[Clinicopathological study of gastric cancer with bone metastasis]. 359 11


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