Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0024623 (gastric cancer)
 36,219 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Mice with severe combined immunodeficiency reconstituted with human splenic tissue (SCID-sp) taken from 22 patients with advanced gastric cancer and 8 with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) received subsequent implants of COLO 205 human colon cancer cells. A human immunoglobulin G (IgG) reactive against COLO 205 cells (COLO 205-reactive human IgG) was produced by SCID-sp mice reconstituted with splenic tissue from 8 of the 22 gastric cancer patients, but from none of the ITP patients. Tumor growth in SCID-sp mice which produced the COLO 205-reactive human IgG was greater (tumor weight range, 106-143%) than that in the control SCID mice, while that in SCID-sp mice reconstituted with splenic tissue from 8 ITP patients and that in SCID-sp mice reconstituted with splenic tissue from the other 14 gastric cancer patients which did not produce the COLO 205-reactive IgG were considerably lower and slightly lower, respectively, than those in the control SCID mice (tumor weight range, 56.7-108% and 79.4-119%, respectively). When the COLO 205-reactive human IgG titers in the sera of the SCID-sp mice, expressed as a ratio of the titers in the corresponding patient's serum, were plotted against the tumor weight in each SCID-sp mouse, significant correlations were observed in those that received splenic tissues from 6 of the 8 patients in which the COLO 205-reactive human IgG was produced. Furthermore, the tumor growth rates increased in proportion to the increased COLO 205-reactive human IgG titers in SCID-sp mice. Therefore, the SCID-sp model should be useful to study the paradoxical tumor growth possibly due to impaired immune reaction in patients with advanced gastric cancer.
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PMID:Paradoxical enhancement of tumor growth in mice with severe combined immunodeficiency which produce a human immunoglobulin G reactive against tumor cells. 810 91

Positron emission tomography (PET) with 2-deoxy-2 [18F] fluoro-D-glucose (18FDG), a structural analog of glucose, allows tumor images to be obtained, based on increased glycolysis in cancer cells. In the present study, in order to confirm the effectiveness of 18FDG-PET tumor images for cancer diagnosis, 18FDG tumor uptake values were measured in human gastric cancer xenografts in nude mice. Firstly, comparison of 18FDG uptake and histological grade in four gastric cancers showed that 18FDG uptake increased with loss of differentiation. Secondly, reduction of 18FDG uptake values after administration of anticancer drug was found to correlate with chemosensitivity to anticancer agent, and the values were reduced prior to suppression of tumor growth. These data suggest that 18FDG-PET tumor images may provide reliable indications for assessment of the histological grade of the tumor and the efficacy of cancer chemotherapy.
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PMID:[Experimental study on the effectiveness of PET tumor images for cancer diagnosis]. 810 93

The monoclonal antibody 5T4 defines a human oncotrophoblast antigen expressed by a variety of carcinomas but with a restricted pattern of expression in normal adult tissues. The 5T4 antigen has been isolated from term placenta as a 72-kDa glycoprotein consisting of a 42-kDa core protein with extensive N-linked glycosylation. A cDNA has been isolated from a human placental library using pools of oligonucleotides based on amino acid sequence obtained from purified 5T4 molecules. The predicted open reading frame encodes a protein of 420 amino acids with a molecular mass of 46 kDa and 8 potential N-glycosylation sites. There are N- and C-terminal hydrophobic segments corresponding to putative signal and membrane anchorage sequences, respectively. Northern analysis has demonstrated a major 2.5-kilobase mRNA present in cell lines serologically reactive with the monoclonal antibody 5T4. Comparison of the 5T4 protein sequence with current sequence data bases has identified the presence of leucine-rich repeats, which are found in a variety of proteins from yeast, insects, and mammals. The 5T4 antigen expression is strongly associated with metastasis in colorectal and gastric cancer, and, hence, the possible functions of the gene product and its relationship to tumor growth and progression are discussed.
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PMID:Isolation of a cDNA encoding 5T4 oncofetal trophoblast glycoprotein. An antigen associated with metastasis contains leucine-rich repeats. 813 70

The search for compounds active against solid tumors has led us to the discovery of a novel sulfonamide, E7010 (N-[2-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)amino]-3-pyridinyl]-4- methoxybenzenesulfonamide), which inhibits tubulin polymerization. When administered orally, E7010 showed good antitumor activity against various rodent tumors and human tumor xenografts. In tests on mouse tumor, E7010, administered in doses of 25-100 mg/kg daily for 8 days, inhibited the growth of colon 38 carcinoma inoculated s.c. in mice by 60-99%. E7010 was active against s.c. inoculated M5076 fibrosarcoma (75% tumor growth inhibition), s.c. inoculated Lewis lung carcinoma (84% increase in life span), and i.p. inoculated P388 leukemia (118% increase in life span). In a test on rat tumor, E7010 inhibited the growth of SST-2 mammary carcinoma inoculated s.c. in rats by 84%. In tests on s.c. inoculated human tumor xenografts, E7010, when administered orally, showed a broad spectrum of activity. E7010 inhibited the growth of: four kinds of gastric cancer, H-81, H-111, SC-2, and SC-6 by 60-78%; three kinds of colon cancer, H-143, COLO320DM, and WiDr by 58-83%; three kinds of lung cancer, LC-376, LC-6, and LX-1 by 63-82%; and two kinds of breast cancer, H-31 and MX-1 by 79-87%. In studies on drug-resistant P388 leukemia, E7010 was effective against vincristine-resistant P388, cisplatin-resistant P388, and 5-fluorouracil-resistant P388 sublines in mice. Because of its good activity against rodent tumors and human tumor xenografts, E7010 is currently undergoing Phase I clinical trials.
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PMID:In vivo tumor growth inhibition produced by a novel sulfonamide, E7010, against rodent and human tumors. 813 85

Hyperthermia-induced antitumor activity was assessed histopathologically and findings related to transplantation of human gastric cancer into nude mice were examined. Fragments of human gastric cancer were incubated at 37 degrees C to 47 degrees C for various durations of time, then were evaluated either histologically or with regard to delay in tumor growth and the rates of transplantation into nude mice. Fragments exposed to 39 degrees C for 30 min to 120 min and 41 degrees C for 30 min did not differ from findings in the controls concerning tumor growth and transplantability. In the case of 41 degrees C for 60 min or more, the rates of transplantation decreased significantly and there was a delay in tumor growth. At 43 degrees C for 120 min, 45 degrees C for 30 and 60 min, and 47 degrees C for 15 to 60 min, transplantability was nil. In the groups with a delay in tumor growth, there were irreversible changes in nucleic and cytoplasmic components, and in 6 groups with no evidence of transplantability, complete destruction of the glandular structure, pyknosis and karyorrhexis as well as disappearance of the cytoplasm occurred in almost all cases. Thus, the thermal dose of 43 degrees C for 120 min seems to be the minimally effective one for hyperthermia-induced tumoricidal activity.
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PMID:Hyperthermia-induced antitumor activity in human gastric cancer cells serially transplanted into nude mice. 816 58

Serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels were determined preoperatively in 221 patients with well-differentiated gastric cancer. The mean preoperative serum CEA level was 15.9 +/- 88.5 ng/ml (1.0-1,133.0 ng/ml) for all patients, and the incidence of an elevated CEA (> 5 ng/ml) was 11.8% (26/221). The CEA-positive patients had larger tumors, a more prominent serosal invasion, more frequent lymphatic and vascular involvement, less expansive tumor growth and higher rates of lymph node and hepatic metastases than did the CEA-negative patients. Thus, the CEA-positive patients had a more advanced stage of disease, and 61.5% underwent noncurative resection (vs. 11.3% in CEA-negative patients). The survival rate of the CEA-positive patients was lower than that of the CEA-negative ones (p < 0.01). As the multivariate analysis revealed the preoperative CEA level to be an independent prognostic factor for survival, an assay for this antigen prior to surgery is to be recommended.
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PMID:Predictive value of preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen levels for the prognosis of patients with well-differentiated gastric cancer. A multivariate analysis. 819 5

To improve the therapeutic efficiency adriamycin entrapped in antibody-conjugated liposomes, Fab' fragment was used instead of the whole antibody molecule. The murine monoclonal antibody, 21B2, against human carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was digested with pepsin, and the thiol residue of intra-heavy chain produced by reduction of F(ab')2 with dithiothreitol was conjugated to liposomes containing adriamycin. The tissue distribution of adriamycin delivered with these liposomes was studied in BALB/c nu/nu female mice bearing CEA-positive human gastric cancer strain MKN-45. An increase in delivery of adriamycin to the tumor was observed in the mice given liposomes with Fab' fragment as compared to those given liposomes with whole antibody. However, the preferential distribution of adriamycin in liposomes to the reticuloendothelial cells remained the same regardless of the use of Fab' fragment. For investigation of in vivo therapeutic effect, three i.v. injections of free adriamycin or adriamycin in liposomes equivalent to 5 mg/kg were given, and adriamycin in Fab' fragment-conjugated liposomes was found most effective in the inhibition of tumor growth. This was confirmed in terms of actual tumor weights excised and CEA concentration in the blood, as well as by pathological observations. The advantages of using Fab' fragment instead of whole antibody are discussed.
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PMID:Improvement of therapeutic effect by using Fab' fragment in the treatment of carcinoembryonic antigen-positive human solid tumors with adriamycin-entrapped immunoliposomes. 820 Aug 55

Seven isoflavones, biochanin A, daidzein, genistein, genistin, prunectin, puerarin, and pseudobaptigenin were tested for cytostatic and cytotoxic effects on 10 newly established cancer cell lines of the human gastrointestinal origin. Proliferation of HSC-41E6, HSC-45M2, and SH101-P4 stomach cancer cell lines was strongly inhibited by biochanin A and genistein, whereas other stomach, esophageal, and colon cancer lines were moderately suppressed by both compounds. Biochanin A and genistein were cytostatic at low concentrations (< 20 micrograms/ml for biochanin A, < 10 micrograms/ml for genistein) and were cytotoxic at higher concentrations (> 40 micrograms/ml for biochanin A, > 20 micrograms/ml for genistein). DNA fragmentation was observed at cytotoxic doses of both compounds, indicating the apoptotic mode of cell death by the compounds. Chromatin condensation and nuclear fragmentation of each cell line were also observed. The advent of apoptosis was dose dependent for both isoflavones. Biochanin A suppressed tumor growth of HSC-45M2 and HSC-41E6 lines in athymic nude mice. Our results suggest that two of isoflavone derivatives, biochanin A and genistein, inhibit the cell growth of stomach cancer cell lines in vitro through activation of a signal transduction pathway for apoptosis. Moreover, in vivo experiments demonstrate that biochanin A can be used as an anticancer agent.
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PMID:Antiproliferative effects of isoflavones on human cancer cell lines established from the gastrointestinal tract. 824 41

Green tea extract (GTE) inhibits obviously gastrointestinal malignant tumors in rats induced by N-methyl-N'-nitro-n-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG). The incidence of tumor was 93.3% in the MNNG positive control group, whereas 53.3% in the MNNG plus GTE group (P < 0.01). The percentage of inhibiting tumor growth was 88% (P < 0.001). N-nitrosoproline blockage test in 3 groups of 45 cases of patients from the highly prone to (gastric cancer people), examined with gastroscope and classified pathologically, revealed that GTE can block N-nitroso-proline synthesis in vivo, with blockage rate of 91% in superficial chronic gastritis (P < 0.001), 94% in intestinal metaplasia (P < 0.001) and 93% in atypical hyperplasia and gastric cancer (P < 0.001). Chemical analysis demonstrated that the main ingredients in GTE are catechols (with the content of 50%), vitamins and trace elements. The mechanism of GTE's cancer-inhibiting and cancer-preventing function might be that catechols combine with N-nitroso-compounds or resolve them, and reduce their carcinogenic activity. These results will be of great significance in preventing gastrointestinal cancer.
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PMID:[The experiment of tumor-inhibiting effect of green tea extract in animal and human body]. 824 70

Fresh surgical specimens derived from 36 patients with advanced stomach cancer were orthotopically transplanted in nude mice using histologically intact tissue. Twenty of 36 patient tumors gave rise to locally growing tumors in the mice. All 20 patients whose stomach tumors resulted in local growth in the nude mice had clinical lymph-node involvement, whereas 8 of the other 16 patients whose tumors were rejected had lymph-node involvement. There was a statistical correlation (p < 0.01) between local tumor growth in nude mice and clinical lymph-node involvement. Of the 20 cases resulting in local growth in the nude mice, 5 had clinical liver metastases and all 5 cases resulted in liver metastases in the nude mice. Of the 20 cases, 6 had clinical peritoneal involvement of their tumor, and of these 5 resulted in peritoneal metastasis in the nude mice. There were statistical correlations (p < 0.01) for both liver metastases and peritoneal involvement between patients and mice. These results indicate that, after orthotopic transplantation of histologically intact stomach cancers from patients to nude mice, the subsequent metastatic behavior of the tumors in the mice closely correlated with the course of the tumors in the patients.
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PMID:Orthotopic transplantation of histologically intact clinical specimens of stomach cancer to nude mice: correlation of metastatic sites in mouse and individual patient donors. 843 34


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