Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0024623 (gastric cancer)
 36,219 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The recent progress in immunology has shown depression of immunological competence, especially cellular immunity in tumor bearing host due to anesthesia, blood transfusion and operative trauma itself and disappearance of host's concomitant immunity caused by removal of primary tumor, resulting the enhancement of growth of residual tumor or metastatic foci. The prophylactic lymph node dissection in cancer operation must be reconsidered through immunological studies of lymph node as immunological surveillance system. Splenectomy combined with the operation of stomach cancer must also be reconsidered. Therefore, the main aims of this society are to suppress the negative aspect in connection with the cancer operation by means of immunotherapeutic approach and to prevent the recurrence and/or metastasis of cancer. Research society, met for the first time in 1980, and has since discussed the following main themes at 9 occasions of meetings up to 1988: 1. Pre- and postoperative immunological competence in cancer patients. 2. Surgery and immunological competence for cancers. 3. Antitumor activity of regional lymph nodes. 4. Splenectomy and tumor growth. 5. Surgical treatment and immunochemotherapy. 6. Serum immunosuppressive factors in cancer patients. 7. BRM and immunotherapy. 8. Diagnosis and treatment of cancer using monoclonal antibody. 9. Cancer treatment using IL-2, TNF. 10. Host defense factors and cancer metastasis. In addition, 14 educational lectures dealing with recent immunology have been given by immunological specialists.
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PMID:[On the activity of the Japanese Research Society for Surgical Cancer Immunology]. 273 30

Eight patients with stomach cancer are described who had also a striking glandular hyperplasia of the fundic mucosa adjacent and remote from the tumor. Five of the eight patients were young women (30 to 37 years of age). The tumors were poorly differentiated carcinomas and six of the eight patients have died of their disease. None of the patients had clinical evidence of endocrine dysfunction including the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. Immunohistochemistry revealed cells with endocrine differentiation in five of eight tumors, and in two tumors gastrin producing cells were found. Five of seven patients showed increased numbers of antral G-cells. In two patients numerous endocrine (chromogranin-positive) cells were present in the fundic mucosa, specific products of which could not be identified with the antigens tested. No satisfactory explanation exists for this coincidence and its apparent predominance in young female patients. It may be that endocrine substances are responsible for this fundic hyperplasia and that they may also act as promotors of tumor growth.
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PMID:Coincidence of fundic glandular hyperplasia and carcinoma of the stomach. 291 Apr 42

This study deals with the effect of four types of COOH-terminal cholecystokinin (CCK) fragments on the growth of xenotransplantable human gastric cancer (SC-6-JCK, a poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma) whose growth has been promoted by pentagastrin. The growth of the tumor was inhibited using daily s.c. injections of CCK-octapeptide (CCK-8) and glutaryl-CCK-8 at a dose of 500 micrograms/kg body weight. After 30 days of treatment with CCK-8 or glutaryl-CCK-8, a significant decrease was observed in the tumor weight (P less than 0.05) and the tumor size P less than 0.01) in comparison with those of the control. But treatment with CCK-12 and pyroglutamyl-CCK-8 did not produce inhibition of tumor growth. Furthermore the correlation between the effect of CCK-8 on the normal rise in tumor cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate (cAMP) levels caused by pentagastrin injection and tumor growth was studied. The increase of cAMP by a single i.p. injection of pentagastrin at a dose of 20 micrograms/mouse was significantly inhibited by pretreatment with CCK-8 at concentrations equimolar to pentagastrin (P less than 0.05), while cAMP in the tumor was slightly elevated by a single i.p. injection of CCK-8 alone. Also in the in vitro study, CCK-8 inhibited the increase of cAMP and the activation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase which was stimulated by pentagastrin. These results suggest that proliferation of gastrin-dependent human gastric cancers may be suppressed by CCK in competition with gastrin.
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PMID:Cholecystokinin inhibition of tumor growth and gastrin-stimulated cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate metabolism in human gastric carcinoma in nude mice. 300 May 84

The combined antitumor effects of the polyamine antimetabolites, alpha-difluoro methylornithine (DFMO) and methylglyoxal-bis-guanylhydrazone (MGBG), with CDDP were studied using human gastric cancer cells xenotransplanted into nude mice. DFMO (1000 mg/kg in two divided doses) and MGBG (50 mg/kg) were given IP for six consecutive days from the time when the xenotransplanted tumor weighted about 100 mg, and CDDP (3.0 mg/kg) was given IP every other day from the same time. Animals treated with DFMO plus MGBG with or without CDDP as well as with CDDP only displayed suppressed tumor growth, compared to untreated mice. In mice treated with these three drugs, however, tumor growth was rather rapid compared to those treated with CDDP only, although tumoral CDDP levels in animals given DFMO, MGBG and CDDP were higher than those given CDDP only. When DFMO, MGBG and CDDP or DFMO and MGBG were administered, tumoral spermidine and spermine levels decreased markedly. On the other hand, tumor DNA biosynthesis in the CDDP only group dropped markedly 24 hours after the termination of therapy. These results suggest that an alteration in the DNA structure caused by polyamine deficiency may prevent cross-link formation in DNA by CDDP.
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PMID:[Combined efficacy of polyamine antimetabolites and cis-diamminedichloroplatinum]. 310 Aug 39

In an attempt to enhance the antitumor effects of hyperthermochemotherapy, methylglyoxal-bis-guanylhydrazone (MGBG) and alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) were used in combination with hyperthermochemotherapy of 1-(4-amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl)-methyl-3-(2-chloroethyl)-3-nitrosoure a (ACNU) against human gastric cancer (ST-2) xenotransplanted into nude mice. After priming with DFMO and MGBG, ACNU was given ip and subsequently, a 23 minute-hyperthermia was carried out by placing the leg with the tumor into a water bath of a temperature of 43.5 +/- 0.1 degrees C. The second hyperthermic treatment was given in the same manner after 48 hours. MGBG and DFMO were administered for 4 successive days from the previous day of the first hyperthermia. In mice treated with DFMO plus MGBG, either tumor growth or tumor tripling time was much the same as in the control, while in mice given MGBG, DFMO plus heat, there was a diminution in tumor growth. Hyperthermia together with MGBG, DFMO plus ACNU brought about remarkable antiproliferative effects on ST-2 tumor growth, compared to three regimens with MGBG, DFMO plus heat, MGBG, DFMO plus ACNU, as well as ACNU plus heat. These data suggest that a combination of MGBG with DFMO leads to a favorable thermosensitization to the antitumor efficacy of ACNU.
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PMID:Enhanced antitumor efficacy with a combination of hyperthermochemotherapy and thermosensitization with polyamine antimetabolites in nude mice. 311 28

Treatment of nude mice xenografted with human gastric cancer was carried out by polyamine antimetabolites combined with mitomycin C (MMC) and polyamine-free diet. Polyamine antimetabolites, alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) and ethylglyoxal-bis-guanylhydrazone (EGBG), were given ip in a daily dose of 1,000 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg, respectively, for 6 consecutive days. MMC 2.0 mg/kg was administered every other day. The polyamine-free diet was given from 4 days before start of the treatment through the end of the study. Although the tumor growth rate of the control group given polyamine-free diet was similar to that given normal diet, in the mice treated with EGBG, DFMO plus MMC, the antitumor effect in the polyamine-free diet group was superior to the normal diet group. In comparison with tumor growth suppression due to EGBG plus DFMO or MMC only, the polyamine-free diet group showed better result than the normal diet group to some extent. In mice treated with EGBG, DFMO plus MMC, tumor tissue spermine levels in the polyamine-free diet group were significantly depressed, compared to the normal diet group. Furthermore, marked suppression of DNA biosynthesis was observed in mice given EGBG, DFMO plus MMC together with the polyamine-free diet. These results suggest that combined treatments of polyamine antimetabolites and MMC revealed a marked enhancement of antitumor effects, under conditions of polyamine depletion, which may be responsible for the alteration in DNA structure.
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PMID:[Antitumor efficacy of polyamine antimetabolites and mitomycin C under polyamine-free diet]. 311 45

The antitumor effects of two polyamine antimetabolites, alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) and methylglyoxal-bis-guanylhydrazone (MGBG), when combined with cis-diamminedichlroplatinum (CDDP) or mitomycin C (MMC), were studied using human gastric cancer cells xenotransplanted into nude mice. DFMO 1000 mg/kg and MGBG 50 mg/kg were given intraperitoneally for 6 successive days, while CDDP 3 mg/kg or MMC 2 mg/kg was given every second day. Although DFMO and MGBG plus MMC did suppress the tumor growth, the combination with CDDP led to no suppression, and rapid growth occurred after the cessation of therapy. The inhibition of tumoral DNA biosynthesis and a decline in polyamine levels, were also not observed. The polyamine antimetabolites when used with CDDP did not produce the desired antitumor efficacy, even though the platinum concentration in the tumor tissue was high. On the contrary, however, DFMO and MGBG when combined with MMC did suppress tumor growth, inhibited DNA biosynthesis, and tissue polyamine levels were low. These results suggest that though CDDP and MMC belong to a similar category of DNA attacking, bifunctional alkylating agents, the findings of these two drugs are contradictory. Here, the mechanism of action no doubt plays a contributory role.
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PMID:Contradictory antitumor efficacies produced by the combination of DNA attacking drugs and polyamine antimetabolites. 311 5

Monoclonal antibodies were used to examine the immunohistochemical expression of pepsinogens I and II in 31 early and 76 advanced gastric cancers. Of the 107 carcinomas studied, 19 contained pepsinogen II and only 3, found exclusively in pepsinogen II-positive cases, contained pepsinogen I. Gastric cancer produces pepsinogen II more frequently than pepsinogen I, and production of the latter is significantly associated with the former. Histologically, there were 54 intestinal-type and 53 diffuse-type cancers. The former produced pepsinogen II more frequently than the latter. In the diffuse type, the four pepsinogen II-positive cases were found exclusively in females. Although the pepsinogen expression was independent of the macroscopic features in advanced gastric cancer, it was found that the protruded-type early gastric cancer produced pepsinogen II more frequently than the depressed type. Incidences of pepsinogen positivity were not different between early and advanced gastric cancers or between cancers with or without lymph node metastasis, suggesting that production of pepsinogen is independent of tumor growth.
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PMID:Pepsinogens I and II in gastric cancer: an immunohistochemical study using monoclonal antibodies. 314 2

Observations of cancer risk in irradiated human populations over time after exposure suggest that there are at least two, and perhaps more, very different patterns of temporal distribution of risk for radiation-induced cancer. The first, exemplified by bone sarcoma following therapeutic injection of 224Ra and chronic granulocytic leukemia in Japanese A-bomb survivors, is an early, wave-like pulse consisting of an increase in risk followed by a gradual decline back to baseline levels. The second, exemplified by breast cancer following a brief exposure to external gamma ray or X ray, and by lung cancer and stomach cancer in A-bomb survivors, is an increase in relative risk over about 10 years to a value which appears to remain constant over time thereafter. The first pattern suggests that tumor growth kinetics may play a central role in the temporal distribution of risk following exposure, while the second seems more consistent with multi-event models for carcinogenesis, in which radiation or some other cause of early events must be followed by one or more later events whose frequencies depend mainly on attained age. There are, however, other data that appear to conform to neither of the two models just mentioned. Influences of other cancer causes, like tobacco smoking, are potentially serious confounding factors in studies of induction period.
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PMID:Temporal distributions of risk for radiation-induced cancers. 331 74

Enhancement of the antitumor effect of adriamycin (ADR) was investigated by using degradable starch microspheres (DSM) and pharmacokinetics of ADR in combination with DSM. An intra-arterial chemotherapy model of the nude rats transplanted of human cancer xenografts (H-154 gastric cancer) in the lower limbs was used for this study. Drug was administered through a catheter inserted into the carotid artery with the tip in the common iliac artery. DSM 30 mg/kg, which causes temporary arrest of blood flow in the tumor, had an only weak effect on tumor growth, whereas. DSM 30 mg/kg, mixed with ADR 3 mg/kg solution, was more effective than ADR solution. Furthermore, DSM 30 mg/kg mixed with ADR 3 mg/kg had a greater effect on the tumor growth than DSM 15 mg/kg mixed with ADR 3 mg/kg. In the pharmacological study, increase of the regional uptake of ADR and decrease of systemic distribution of ADR were recognized in some degree. It seems that embolization by DSM, retention of ADR in regional tissues and cytotoxic effect of ADR contributed to such a strong effect of ADR mixed with DSM on tumor growth.
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PMID:[Basic studies in intra-arterial chemotherapy with degradable starch microspheres (DSM) on human gastric cancer xenografts in nude rats]. 341 62


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