Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0024623 (gastric cancer)
 36,219 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A prospective, randomized, controlled trial of nutritional effects of branched-chain-enriched amino acid (BCAA) solution was undertaken in 173 surgical patients with gastric cancer. Eighty-six and 87 patients underwent subtotal and total gastrectomy, respectively. The effects were evaluated in total parenteral nutrition (TPN) in an isocaloric/isonitrogenous setting where the major difference between the group was the amount of BCAA received. Each 80 patients in the control and the BCAA groups completed the trial. The group receiving BCAA-enriched amino acid solution demonstrated a statistically significant improvement on days 2 and 3 in nitrogen balance in patients with total gastrectomy. Three-methyl-histidine excretion gradually decreased after day 1, and the values on day 7 were significantly lower than those on day 1 in the BCAA group in both those receiving subtotal and total gastrectomy. There were no significant differences of serum albumin and rapid turnover proteins between the control and BCAA groups in both those receiving subtotal and total gastrectomy. Plasma BCAA level and BCAA to aromatic amino acid (AAA) ratio were significantly higher, and AAA level was significantly lower in the BCAA group than in the control group. There were no serious complications encountered during the observation period in both groups. These results indicated that a BCAA-enriched amino acid solution can improve metabolism and maintains good nitrogen retention without increasing side effects as compared with a conventional amino acid solution for nutritional support of patients who have received subtotal or total gastrectomy.
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PMID:Branched-chain amino acids metabolic support in surgical patients: a randomized, controlled trial in patients with subtotal or total gastrectomy in 16 Japanese institutions. 313 41

To clarify the risk factors contributing to postoperative complications in the elderly patients (over 70 years) undergoing esophagectomy and/or gastrectomy, 364 patients with primary cancer seen were evaluated. As a result, some characteristic patterns of stress response in the elderly could be detected as follows: the disorders of the vital organs were more important indices for the development of postoperative complications rather than age, and a reduction in the maximum response of the stress hormones to surgical procedures in aged patients was noted; moreover, the functional variability of target organ in the aged group was confirmed. Studies on the hormonal response to surgery suggest that the restriction of fluid replacement is advisable until the third postoperative day, maintaining the host on the dry side, to prevent cardiopulmonary complications. As the nutritional status in the patients with esophageal and gastric cancer goes from bad to worse with the advancing clinical stages, adequate perioperative nutrition is imperative to prevent complications such as anastomotic leakage, wound dehiscence, and/or infections. For the treatment of anastomotic leaks after esophagectomy and esophagogastrectomy, more than 45 kcal/kg/d must be provided, and the serum albumin level must be restored to 3.5 g/dL in order to achieve spontaneous healing of small anastomotic leakages.
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PMID:Risk factors in relation to postoperative complications in patients undergoing esophagectomy or gastrectomy for cancer. 334 14

Changes in the serum zinc content of patients with gastric cancer were investigated in connection with the size of the primary lesion, the depth of invasion into the gastric wall, the presence or absence of liver metastasis and the histological types. The serum zinc content of the patients decreased along with the progress of the cancer. The changes in serum zinc were closely related to the extent and severity of the disease, but were independent of the presence of liver metastasis and of the histological types in patients with gastric cancer. As a cause of decreasing serum zinc in cancer patients, a decrease of serum albumin was emphasized. The relationship between the decrease of serum zinc and accumulation of zinc in the tumor tissue in patients with gastric cancer could not be elucidated.
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PMID:[Gastric cancer and serum zinc content]. 406 39

Natural killer cell (NK) activity, together with various nonspecific immunologic parameters, was measured preoperatively, and its changes induced by operative stress were examined in gastric cancer patients. Effect of administration of a nonspecific immunopotentiator, OK-432, was evaluated by postoperative changes in NK activity. Peripheral blood NK activity was measured by 51Cr-release assay against K-562 target cells. It was found that NK activity in the gastric cancer patients was significantly lower than that in healthy subjects. The reduction was specially marked in the cases of cancer at stages I and IV. NK activity in the cases with hepatic or peritoneal metastasis was significantly lower than that in the cases without such metastasis. NK activity in the cases of noncurative gastric resection or non-resection was significantly lower than that in the cases of curative gastric resection. NK activity in the cases of stage IV and "por" in histology was significantly lower than that in the cases of stage IV and "tub1" in histology. In the cases at stages I + II, there was a positive correlation between NK activity and IgG FcR(+) T cell ratio. There was a negative correlation between NK activity and alpha 2-globulin ratio and the correlation was especially significant in the cases at stages III + IV. In the cases at stages III + IV, receiving administration of OK-432 only postoperatively, NK activity was significantly reduced or tended to be reduced at 1 through 4 week(s) postoperatively, while such a reduction was not seen in the cases receiving administration of OK-432 pre- and postoperatively. This phenomenon was more marked in the cases showing a serum albumin level lower than 3.5 g/dl or in the cases undergoing operations longer than 4 hours in duration.
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PMID:[Observation on natural killer cell activity in gastric cancer patients and effect of nonspecific immunopotentiator administration on its postoperative reduction]. 407 97

In this study therapeutic effect of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) for the patients undergoing total gastrectomy was evaluated and following results were obtained. Both incidence and cure rate of anastomotic leakage after total gastrectomy had markedly improved, in spite of increased resection rate and curative operation for the patients with advanced gastric cancer by introducing TPN routinely to the nutritional management. It is important to maintain serum albumin level above 3.0 g/dl to give enough calories and protein (40-50 kcal/kg/day). TPN using a combined carbohydrate solution such as the ratio for glucose, fructose, xylitol (4: 2: 1) seems to have a beneficial effect on the patients with surgical diabetes status. It is suggested that serum albumin is a most promising parameter in nutritional assessment of the preoperative period. But in the early postoperative period, rapid turnover protein such as prealbumin might be more accurate parameter. TPN during chemotherapy as an adjunct to surgery leads to diminished morbidity, and possibly to prolonged survival time in the patients undergoing gastrectomy for gastric cancer.
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PMID:[Nutritional management of the patients after total gastrectomy using total parenteral nutrition (TPN)]. 643 85

Cancer cachexia, a common finding in patients with gastrointestinal (GI) malignancy, is frequently attributed to tumor-induced aberrations in host energy expenditure. To characterize the frequency and severity of aberrations in energy expenditure in GI cancer patients, and to identify the potential influence of tumor characteristics in this group, the authors measured resting energy expenditure (REE) by indirect calorimetry in 173 patients and compared REE to predicted-energy expenditure (PEE) from the Harris-Benedict formulae based on current body weight. Fifty-eight percent of patients had abnormal REE (normal REE = +/- 10% PEE); 36% (62 of 173) were hypometabolic (REE less than 90% PEE), and 22% (39 of 173) were hypermetabolic (REE greater than 110% PEE). Host and tumor factors were compared between metabolic groups to identify potential determinants of abnormal energy expenditure. Differences between groups cannot be explained by differences in patient age, sex, body size, nutritional status, tumor burden, or duration of disease. Resting energy expenditure does not correlate with percent of weight loss, serum albumin, or duration of disease. Analysis by tumor site reveals patients with pancreatic or hepatobiliary tumors to be predominantly hypometabolic; gastric cancer patients tend to be hypermetabolic, whereas patients with colorectal or esophageal neoplasms are more evenly distributed across metabolic groups, the largest portion being normometabolic (X2 = 20.7, P less than 0.02). The majority of GI cancer patients have abnormal REE which is unpredictable and not uniformly hypermetabolic. The determinants of these abnormalities do not appear to be age, sex, body size, nutritional status or tumor burden. Primary tumor site is a major determinant of energy expenditure in GI cancer patients.
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PMID:Energy expenditure in malnourished gastrointestinal cancer patients. 669 17

Various hormones and peptides were added to rat stomach cancer cells growing in vitro in a serum-free medium and the cell number was determined by a spectro-photometric method. Five gastro-entero-pancreatic hormones or related peptides (tetragastrin, glucagon, secretin, cholecystokinin-pancreozymin and cerulein) significantly increased the number of stomach cancer cells from 15% to 310% of the number of control cells cultivated in a serum-free, hormone-free medium. On the other hand, insulin and vasoactive intestinal peptide, and other hormones (thyroxin, epinephrine, hydrocortisone, beta-estradiol, progesterone, testosterone), peptone broth and bovine serum albumin had no significant growth effect. All the active substances belong to the two major families of gastro-entero-pancreatic polypeptide hormones, suggesting the existence of hormone receptors at the surface of stomach cancer cells.
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PMID:Growth responses of rat stomach cancer cells to gastro-entero-pancreatic hormones. 711 98

Sera from 111 patients with various gastro-intestinal (GI) diseases were studies for the presence of antibodies to human serum albumin (HSA), bovine serum albumin (BSA) and ovalbumin (OA) by passive haemagglutination assay. The antibody titre to BSA was higher than that to HSA or OA. The anti-BSA antibody was demonstrated in upper GI diseases i.e. esophageal cancer, gastric ulcer, gastric cancer and duodenal ulcer, and not in lower GI disease i.e. Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis and colon cancer. Both the mean titre and the incidence of the anti-BSA antibody tended to be higher in women than in men, and the titre was in a positive correlation with serum gamma-globulin levels. Sephadex G-200 column chromatography revealed that the anti-BSA antibody was widely distributed between void volume and 7S fraction.
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PMID:Anti-albumin antibodies in sera of patients with gastro-intestinal disease. 714 Nov 96

The data from 329 gastric cancer patients (206 males and 123 females) were applied to the following statistical analysis. The stage of gastric cancer progress, which was determined by the general rules for the gastric cancer study in Japan, the counterpart of the TNM classification was predictable by a multi-variative mathematical model based on Hayashi's quantification theory which allowed to use qualitative variables as well as quantitative ones for the calculation using the variables relevant to clinical findings consisted of the grade of surgical operability, the grade of histopathological change, positive or negative liver metastasis, positive or negative histopathologically detectable lymph-node metastasis and so on. The variables relevant to clinical findings predicted accurately the stage by the above-cited model and multi-variative correlation coefficient (R2) was 0.9475, suggesting that 95% of the values predicted by those variables could identical to the observed value of the cancer stage. The variables relevant to clinical findings contributed only 29% (R2 = 0.2902) to the prediction of the histopathological grade. The stage and the histopathological grade also were predictable with the multi-variative regressive equations using the data of the clinico-pathological examinations which were administered on the day before the operation to 239 patients (139 males and 95 females) of gastric cancer and 82 control surgical patients (50 males and 32 females). The clinico-pathological indicators consisted of the SI values of Con A and PHA, leukocytes' count, lymphocytes' count, serum albumin concentration, B- and T-cell numbers. The factors which contributed to the stage, or the histopathological grade of gastric cancer were extracted respectively through principal component analysis using the respective correlation matrices consisted of the variables used for the calculation of the multi-variative regression equations in order to predict the stage or histopathological grade. For the male patients, the aging factor contributed to both of the stage and the histopathological grade. For the female patients, the factor relevant to the complication such as infectious diseases and low-nutrition emaciating the patient contributed to the cancer stage and the factor relevant to T-lymphocyte function contributed to the histopathological grade.
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PMID:[Studies on the classification of clinical stage and histopathological grade of gastric cancer, the contribution of clinical findings and clinico-pathological changes including immunological responses]. 772 75

The T lymphocyte function in 59 patients with malignant biliary obstruction undergoing pre-operative endoscopic drainage (group Ia, n = 24) or surgery (group Ib, n = 35) was evaluated by mitogen stimulation test with phytohaemagglutinin. The T lymphocyte function before endoscopic or surgical intervention was found to be impaired as compared with patients with gastric cancer (group II, n = 27) and with normal persons (group III, n = 19). Regression analysis showed a significant negative correlation between T lymphocyte function and the serum bilirubin level (correlation coefficient -0.3, P = 0.01) and a positive correlation with serum albumin level (correlation coefficient 0.34, P = 0.01) and serum transferrin level (correlation coefficient 0.45, P = 0.001). After 18 +/- 3 days of endoscopic biliary drainage, the T lymphocyte function of group Ia patients did not change substantially. At postoperative day 14, there were more patients in both groups Ia and Ib having deterioration of T lymphocyte function than those with improvement. The incidence of postoperative sepsis was found to be significantly higher in patients with deterioration than those with improvement of T lymphocyte function (18/31 vs 7/26, P = 0.036). It is concluded that endoscopic biliary drainage and surgery could not reverse the T lymphocyte dysfunction in patients with malignant biliary obstruction.
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PMID:T lymphocyte function in patients with malignant biliary obstruction. 794 22


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