Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0024623 (gastric cancer)
 36,219 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The results of a phase I--II study of a combination chemotherapy with AAFC and ICRF-159 in advanced adenocarcinoma of digestive origin are presented. Myelosuppression was the dose-limiting toxicity with anemia, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia. The maximum tolerated dose of AAFC in the combination program was 650 mg/m2 I.V. weekly. ICRF-159 was given in a 3-day course every 3 weeks and the dose was escalated from 125 mg/m2 to 500 mg/m2 daily. Bone marrow toxicity was noticied at the first escalation level and all dose levels were similarly toxic. The results of this combination chemotherapy were: two partial responses in 14 patients with gastric cancer; no responses in nine patients with colorectal cancer; no responses in three patients with pancreatic cancer; and no responses in two patients with biliary tree cancer. In conclusion, AAFC and ICRF-159 combination chemotherapy demonstrated a low level of activity in advanced carcinoma of digestive origin. The peculiar hematologic toxicity found at the low-level dose requires further documentation and could make this drug association suitable for a phase II study in leukemia and/or lymphoma.
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PMID:Phase I and II clinical study of anhydro-ara-5-fluorocytosine (AAFC) and ICRF-159 combination in adenocarcinoma of digestive origin. 9 30

In order to clarify the differences in lipid metabolism between malignant neoplastic and benign cases, livers of patients were biopsied under peritoneoscopy. One half of each sample was subjected to histologic examination and the other half to lipid analyses by means of thin layer chromatography and gas lipid chromatography. Histologic examination was necessary to confirm whether the lipid metabolism in the liver of patients would be influenced by hepatic disease or not. The most significant differences between malignant and benign cases were observed when the ratio of fatty acid content of the phospholipid fraction to that of triglyceride was calculated for each patient. These ratios were over 2.20 in 40 cases out of 47 malignant neoplastic cases without benign hepatic diseases and in 3 out of 4 malignant neoplastic cases combined with benign hepatic diseases, but were under 2.19 in 35 benign cases. Moreover, 4 cases of early gastric cancer and a case of relatively early pancreatic cancer included in the malignant cases mentioned above also showed the ratios over 3.00. This finding would be applicable for the clinical diagnosis of the malignant neoplastic diseases.
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PMID:The lipid-chemical features of the biopsied human liver tissues of patients with malignant neoplastic diseases. 13 75

Using the simple thin layer polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, serum alkaline phosphatase could be separated 5 isozyme bands in various digestive diseases, consisting of 54 cases of gastric cancer, 11 of colonic cancer, 12 of hepatoma, 4 of cholangioma, 14 of pancreatic cancer, 81 of benign hepatobilliary diseases, 13 of cancers of other organs and 61 of control. The obtained results were as follows: 1) The electrophoretic analysis of serum alkaline phosphatase showed the specific band remaining at the origin, already reported as "alkaline phosphatase O", in primary and metastatic cancer of the liver and cholelithiasis. On the contrary, alkaline phosphatase O was never found in gastric and colonic cancer without cholelithiasis. On the contrary, alkaline phosphatase O was never found in gastric and colonic cancer without cancerous metastasis to the liver, and it was also inclined to be positive with the progress of liver metastasis among them. 2) Intestinal alkaline phosphatase was usually found in higher frequency in blood group B and O than in the others, and it was apt to disappear in gastric or colonic cancer with an exacerbation of its cancerous lesions. 3) Heat-stable alkaline phosphatase was found in 10% of gastric or colonic cancer, all of which were histologically proved to be well differentiated adenocarcinoma.
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PMID:Serum alkaline phosphatase (Al-Pase) isozyme in gastric and colonic cancer (using a simple thin layer polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis). 21 41

We studied serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels in 82 patients. Thirty-four of these had benign diseases while 48 had malignant diseases. Highest incidence and levels of CEA occurred in the sera of patients with pancreatic cancer and stomach cancer. In this paper we focused our particular attention on the serum CEA of 25 pancreatic cancer patients, and examined differences in serum CEA levels in relation to histologic differentiation and sites of pancreatric cancer. No statistical difference in serum CEA level was found among various histologic types and sites of the pancreatic cancer. Clinical courses of two patients with pancreatic cancer were also studied. Serial determinations of CEA levels are most useful in assessing the effect of operation or chemotherapies and are a useful indicator for differentiating pancreatic cancer from chronic pancreatitis but cannot be a conclusive factor for the diagnosis. Finally, we correlated serum CEA levels with those of RNase and confirmed a positive correlation.
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PMID:Clinical studies on carcinoembryonic antigen in pancreatic cancer. 22 3

Tumor-specific immunity to carcinoma of the colon, pancreas and stomach was assayed by tube LAI. Cancers of the colon, pancreas and stomach, were shown to possess organ-type specific neoantigens. In 115 patients with colon cancer, 100%, 75%, 61% with Dukes' A, B and C cancer were LAI positive, respectively. Even a microfocus of in situ cancer in a colon adenoma was sufficient to stimulate measurable tumor-specific immunity in the host. In Dukes' D cancer, 25% of patients with widespread metastasis were positive, whereas 100% with solitary lesions were positive. Reactive leukocytes from patients with colon cancer did not react to extracts of normal bowel mucosa or villous adenoma from LAI-negative patients. Leukocytes from 19% (3 of 16) of patients with colon adenomas reacted to the extract of colon cancer but not normal colon mucosa. Moreover, the LAI-positive response of the patients with colon adenomas or colon cancer is directed to a colon cancer TSA which is linked to beta2-microglobulin. These studies suggest that some colon adenomas express TSA before morphological evidence of cancer. It is not known if the acquisition of a cell surface TSA is an irreversible step toward unrestrained growth and metastasis. In pancreatic cancer, 100% of patients with cancers less than 5 cm and without metastasis were LAI positive, whereas 29% were positive when the cancer was greater than 5 cm or had metastasized. In Patients with stomach cancer, 100% with Stage II and 46% with Stage III and IV cancer were LAI-positive. Leukocytes from patients with other GIT cancers and from patients with inflammatory bowel disease or pancreatitis did not react with extracts of colon, stomach or pancreatic cancer. Leukocytes from patients with metastatic cancer, usually did not react in the tube LAI assay because their surfaces were coated in vivo with TSA. LAI reactivity was present when CEA was not detectable and when CEA levels were elevated LAI activity was often absent. The present study suggests that the automated tube LAI shows sufficient promise to warrant studies to determine its efficacy for the diagnosis of GIT cancers.
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PMID:Tube leukocyte adherence inhibition (LAI) assay in gastrointestinal (GIT) cancer. 37 89

To evaluate diagnostic usefulness for pancreatic cancer, serum ribonuclease (RNase) level was determined in three groups of subjects; 1) normal volunteers as control, 2) patients with histologically determined pancreatic cancer, and 3) patients with miscellaneous diseases other than pancreatic cancer. A small increase of RNase values was recognized with age in the normal subjects and in the patients with nonpancreatic diseases, if renal function was normal. The mean RNase level in the control subjects was 97 +/- 41.2 units. A marked elevation of serum RNase level was demonstrated in the patients with pancreatic cancer (p less than 0.001) and in the patients with renal dysfuction, but no significant rise was noticed in the patients with pancreatitis. Mean values of RNase in the patients with pancreatic cancer and renal dysfuncton were 368 +/- 146 units and 342 +/- 78.1 units respectively. RNase values above 300 units were recognized in 15(71%) out of 21 patients with pancreatic cancer. Seven cases with elevated RNase over 300 units other than non-pancreatic malignancy and renal dysfunction were noticed in 6 instances of obstructive jaundice and in one instance of early gastric cancer (an 84-year-old male). The above-stated findings indicate that serum RNase determinations can be utilized as a diagnostic indicator for pancreatic cancer.
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PMID:Assessment of the clinical usefulness of serum ribonuclease assays: an indicator for the detection of pancreatic cancer. 44 87

Of 13 cancers that tend to occur at lower rates in aboriginal Americans or in the native lands of Japanese, Chinese, and Spanish-speaking persons than in United States whites, rates for all but one (laryngeal) have increased in migrants to the United States. In addition to leukemia, these 13 cancers include neoplasms that have been related, at least in part, to a diet high in animal fats or proteins (colon and rectum cancer); reproductive and endocrinologic factors and a diet high in animal fats or protein (prostate, ovary, corpus uteri, breast, and testis cancer); chemical carcinogens (lung, larynx, bladder, and pancreas cancer); and a common infectious agent that, like polio viruses, causes clinically overt disease with a frequency directly related to age of patient at initial infection (Hodgkin's disease). Of 9 cancers that occur at higher rates in aboriginal Americans or in one or more of the native lands of migrants than in United States whites, the rates of 5 tend to decrease in migrants. These include cancers that may be related to food preservation (stomach cancer); products of microorganisms that may contaminate foods (esophagus and liver cancer); and infectious agents (nasopharynx, cervix uteri, and liver cancer). In addition, rates of cancer of the thyroid are high in aboriginal Americans; those of the gallbladder are high in individuals of native American ancestry and in Japanese; incidence of salivary gland tumors is high in Alaskan natives and Colombians; and rates of kidney cancer are high in Alaskan natives. Five types of epidemiologic studies are described that should be conducted in the migrants and in their countries of origin and adoption to elucidate further the etiology of various neoplasms.
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PMID:Epidemiologic studies of cancer in minority groups in the western United States. 53 17

From personal interviews obtained for 7,518 incident cases of invasive cancer from the population-based Third National Cancer Survey, the quantitative lifetime use of cigarettes, cigars, pipes, unsmoked tobacco, wine, beer, hard liquor, and combined alcohol were recorded, as well as education and family income level. In an initial screening analysis of these data, Mantel-Haenszel 2 X 2 contingency tabulations and multiple regression analyses were used to compare each specific cancer site with controls from other sites to test for associations with the "exposure variables." Significant positive associations with cigarette smoking were found for cancers of the lung, larynx, oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, pancreas, bladder, kidney, and uterine cervix. Other forms of tobacco were associated with cancers of the oral cavity, larynx, lung, and cervix. Consumption of wine, beer, hard liquor, and all combined showed positive associations with neoplasms of the oral cavity larynx, esophagus, colon, rectum, breast, and thyroid gland. College educaton and high income both showed positive associations with cancers of the breast, thyroid gland, uterine corpus, and melanomas in males. These same indicators of high socioeconomic status showed inverse associations with invasive neoplasms of the uterine cervix, lung, lip-tongue, and colon in females. College attendance (but not income) showed an inverse association with stomach cancer and positive association with pancreatic cancer in males. Still other tumor sties showed "suggestive" associations with each of these exposure variables. In the analyses producing these results, age, race, sex, smoking, drinking, education, income, parity, foreign birth, marital status, and geographic location were used as stratification variables separately or in combination when appropriate to assess and control for their potentially confounding affects and to examine results in different strata to assess interaction.
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PMID:Association of cancer sites with tobacco and alcohol consumption and socioeconomic status of patients: interview study from the Third National Cancer Survey. 55 14

Serum RNase (ribonuclease) of normal persons and of patients with pancreatitis, carcinoma of pancreas, or other neoplasms was determined with poly(C) as substrate. Strikingly abnormal elevations occur in the serum RNase of patients with pancreatic cancer. There is no elevation in the serum RNase level of patients with pancreatitis. Average serum RNase values of 52 normal persons, 10 patients with pancreatitis, 30 patients with pancreatic cancer, 28 patients with breast cancer, 11 patients with lung cancer, 20 patients with colon cancer, six patients with stomach cancer, and four patients with liver cancer, respectively, were 104, 120, 383, 131, 173, 197, 194, and 152 units/ml of serum. Ninety percent of the patients with pancreatic cancer were above the level of 250 units of serum and 90% of all patients with varied cancers were below this level. In the presence of severe renal insufficiency, marked elevation of serum RNase was also observed. Serum RNase, because of its unique specificity, pancreatic origin, and its abnormal elevation in sera of patients with pancreatic cancer, serves as a reliable biochemical marker of carcinoma of the pancreas in the presence of normal renal function.
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PMID:Elevated serum ribonuclease in patients with pancreatic cancer. 106 80

Diagnostic value was assessed of serum testosterone concentration and compared with that of serum assay of CEA and CA 19-9 in the differential diagnosis of pancreatic cancer (PC) and chronic pancreatitis (CP). Thirty-six patients with PC were compared with thirty-two CP patients. The sensitivity of CA 19-9 (76.9%) in detecting PC was greater than that of testosterone and CEA (30.6% and 30.8%, respectively). The specificity of testosterone and CA 19-9 were comparable (93.7% and 96.4%, respectively). The combination of tests did not enhance the sensitivity and specificity of each test when used alone. The serum CA 19-9 concentration in PC patients was significantly higher then in patients with colon cancer, gastric cancer and benign gastrointestinal diseases.
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PMID:[Value of plasma testosterone, carcinoembryonic antigen and CA 19-9 in the differential diagnosis of pancreatic carcinoma and chronic pancreatitis]. 130 May 50


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