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Query: UMLS:C0024623 (gastric cancer)
 36,219 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In order to ascertain the role of gastric carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) determination in detecting patients with a risk for gastric cancer, 69 subjects were studied; 23 were referred for endoscopy because of dyspepsia but without obvious macroscopic lesions, 27 with duodenal ulcer, 11 with benign gastric ulcer, 8 with gastric cancer. The following results were obtained by subdividing the material according to the histologic interpretation of the results of gastric mucosal biopsies: (1) in the presence of minor histologic abnormalities of the gastric mucosa, CEA in gastric juice was under 100 ng/ml in all but five cases; and (2) in moderate or severe chronic atrophic gastritis (associated or otherwise with intestinal metaplasia or dysplasia), and in gastric cancer, gastric CEA ranged between 224 and 3120 ng/ml in all but two cases. Although not diagnostic for gastric cancer, gastric CEA is a promising test in detecting patients at risk, including those with dysplasia of the gastric mucosa.
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PMID:Carcinoembryonic antigen in gastric juice collected during endoscopy. Value in detecting high-risk patients and gastric cancer. 664 May 4

In York between 1941 and 1949, 632 patients underwent Polya partial gastrectomy for peptic ulcer. Of 307 patients who were followed up in the York Gastric Clinic from 1971 to 1980, nine died of gastric cancer, three times the expected number. If gastrectomy was performed for gastric ulcer the risk of later development of carcinoma (7%) was significantly greater than that following operation for duodenal ulcer (1.6%) (p less than 0.001). No cancers were diagnosed in the 54 patients endoscoped. Atrophic gastritis was found in 98% of patients and intestinal metaplasia in 44%. Dysplasia was present in 35% but in no case was it severe. Although we have found that there is an increased risk of cancer developing in the gastric remnant we do not consider routine endoscopic follow up of all postgastrectomy patients to be a practical proposition.
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PMID:Endoscopic examination of the gastric remnant 31-39 years after subtotal gastrectomy for peptic ulcer. 670 18

Formation of N-nitroso compounds in gastric juice has been implicated in the pathogenesis of cancer in the stomach after operation. Gastric juice was aspirated from 85 subjects: 23 were controls, 51 had previously undergone vagotomy and gastrojejunostomy, and 11 had previously undergone vagotomy and pyloroplasty. The gastric juice samples were analysed for pH, nitrite, and total N-nitroso compounds. A significant correlation was found between pH and nitrite concentration (p less than 0.01). No significant correlation was found between pH and total N-nitroso compound concentration or between nitrite and N-nitroso compound concentration. The vagotomy and gastrojejunostomy patients had higher pH values and higher concentrations of nitrites and N-nitroso compounds than controls (p = 0.01 in all cases). The 51 vagotomy and gastrojejunostomy patients also underwent endoscopy and biopsy. They were divided into three groups: group 1 (21 patients) had no intestinal metaplasia and no more than mild dysplasia; group 2 (20 patients) had intestinal metaplasia; and group 3 (10 patients) had moderate or severe dysplasia. Groups 2 and 3 both had higher pH values and higher nitrite concentrations than group 1 (p = 0.01 in all cases). There was no significant difference, however, between either group 2 or 3 and group 1 for total N-nitroso compound concentration. Since there was no simple linear relation between pH and N-nitroso compound concentration, it was concluded that formation of N-nitroso compounds at high pH was unlikely to be involved in the pathogenesis of gastric cancer in the hypochlorhydric stomach after operation. The relation between nitrite and histological abnormality was not associated with a similar relation between N-nitroso compounds and histological abnormality. It therefore appears that there is no simple relation between N-nitroso compounds and the pathogenesis of premalignant gastric mucosal changes.
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PMID:Relation between gastric histology and gastric juice pH and nitrite and N-nitroso compound concentrations in the stomach after surgery for duodenal ulcer. 672 97

The "borderline lesion" of the stomach (severe dysplasia of the protruded type) is nowadays considered to be a true precancerous lesion. Histologically, this lesion is characterized by a proliferation in the area of the glandular neck, combined with severe cellular atypia. Investigation by means of transmission electron microscopy reveals the structure of these cells to be very similar to the structure of cells of an intestinal-cell-type carcinoma of the stomach. In addition to signs for a loss of differentiation of the cells, such as the absence of rough-surfaced endoplasmatic reticulum, mucin granules, and of the polarity of the cells, remarkably frequently luminal bulges and "blebs" developed to various extents can be detected. Morphometric analysis is delineating the tendency of structural features of the borderline lesion to develop toward the gastric cancer cell. These irregularities might be expressions of the beginning of expansive growth and signs pointing to differentiation into malignant neoplasia.
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PMID:On the ultrastructure of the gastric "borderline lesion". 685 92

The frequency of intramucosal cysts underneath focal (elevated) neoplastic lesions (which include epithelial dysplasia and early gastric cancer) was recorded in eighty-eight resected stomachs. The mean cyst index (i.e. the amount of intramucosal cysts divided by the amount--in cm--of gastric mucosa analyzed) underneath such lesions was 30.9 (SD +/- 16.9), while in adjacent normal-looking gastric mucosa it was 9.4 (SD +/- 8). The difference was significant (P less than 0.001). The cyst index was highest in female patients, underneath focal (elevated) dysplasias. Previous work indicated that the normal-looking gastric mucosa in Japanese patients with peptic ulcer disease was 3.4 (SD +/- 6.6). The present findings appear to suggest that cystic formation in gastric mucosa may herald an early neoplastic growth at the luminal aspect in some of the cysts.
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PMID:The intramucosal cysts of the stomach in Japanese subjects having focal (elevated) dysplasia. 688 98

Among the gastric lesions related to an increased risk for gastric cancer (precancerous conditions) two have deserved special attention, i.e., atrophic gastritis and peptic ulcer. In this paper the authors study the incidence of glandular dysplasia in atrophic gastritis and gastric peptic ulcer. In 148 cases of atrophic gastritis dysplastic lesions were diagnosed in 92 (62,0%): 63 cases (68,4%) with mild dysplasia, 25 cases (27,0%) with moderate dysplasia and 4 cases (4,3%) with severe dysplasia. In 329 gastric peptic ulcers examined there were 51 (15,5%) with dysplastic lesions: in 34 cases (66,6%) there was mild dysplasia, 12 cases (23,5%) moderate dysplasia and (9,8%) severe dysplasia. A prospective study with histological multiple sections from the stomach would be helpful for better understanding of these precancerous lesions.
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PMID:[Precancerous lesions associated with atrophic chronic gastritis and gastric peptic ulcer]. 718 1

In an Expert Committee of the WHO, dysplastic changes of the stomach were defined as those having the following three histological features: (i) cellular atypia, (ii) abnormal differentiation and (iii) disorganized mucosal architecture. The changes were classified into three grades--mild, moderate and severe. This paper describes and illustrates each grade of dysplasia and discusses in detail the histological differences between severe dysplasia and intramucosal carcinoma. From the viewpoint of development of gastric cancer, severe dysplasia can be considered as one of the precursors. The clinical implications of dysplastic changes found in biopsied specimens are discussed.
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PMID:Dysplasia of the gastric mucosa and its relation to the precancerous state. 734 33

In a study of 143 selected human stomachs, resected for different pathologic changes, specific criteria were adopted to define the features of early gastric cancer, carcinoma in situ, gastric dysplasia, and gastric maturation disorders. The results in general did not lead to agreement in diagnoses, except in cases of early carcinoma, intestinal metaplasia, adenomatous polyps, and maturation impairment. A theory concerning the morphogenesis of gastric cancer was proposed in accordance with the data presented. This theory takes into account all possibilities of differentiations and dedifferentiations of the gastric gland stem cell pathway, as was determined from data of experimental carcinogenesis.
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PMID:Dysplasias and morphogenesis of gastric cancer. 734 99

Gastric cancer remains difficult to cure except in its superficial spreading stage, that is when it is mucosal or submucosal without any lymph node involvement. Its detection rate should reach 20% of all cancers. Three anatomical types are described: the malignant polyp, the muco-erosive cancer and the ulcero-cancer. The most efficient radiological procedure is fibroscopy rather than radiology: it permits biopsy and brush cytology, two procedures which yield 95% of positive diagnosis. The most frequent precancerous lesion seems to be chronic gastritis and especially gland dysplasia. Early detection may be made easier by defining a poor risk population: gastric ulcer, polyadenoma, partial gastrectomy going back to more than fifteen years, and dyspeptic patients in whom biopsy discovers atrophic gastritis. Such a population should be regularly followed up.
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PMID:[Superficial cancer of the stomach in our hospital]. 739 44

A nutrition intervention trial involving > 3000 participants was conducted in Linxian, China, where the esophageal and stomach cancer mortality rates are among the highest in the world and suspicion exists that chronic deficiencies of multiple nutrients are etiologically involved. The trial was randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled and tested the effect of multivitamin and multimineral supplements in reducing cancer incidence and mortality in adults with cytologically detected esophageal dysplasia. Endoscopic and cytologic examinations of samples of trial participants during the intervention allowed evaluation of intermediate endpoints in esophageal and gastric carcinogenesis, including asymptomatic histologic precancerous lesions and early invasive cancer, epithelial proliferation, and cytologic abnormalities. Results from these ancillary studies suggest that multivitamin and multimineral supplementation may decrease proliferation and enhance cytologic reversion to nondysplasia.
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PMID:Effect of nutrition intervention on intermediate endpoints in esophageal and gastric carcinogenesis. 749 41


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