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Query: UMLS:C0024623 (gastric cancer)
 36,219 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Experimental carcinomas in the glandular stomach of rats were induced by oral administration of MNNG (M-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidin) for 35 weeks or ENNG (N-ethyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidin) for 20 weeks. Rats were killed at different times after beginning of carcinogen treatment and tissue specimens were prepared for histologic investigation. Particular interest was placed on the development of tumors and on pathological findings possibly contributing to early diagnosis of stomach cancer. During the development of tumors, several dysplastic reactions were observed in the antral mucosa. They could be classified into 4 groups: One was regenerative hyperplasia (1) that meant irregular glandular proliferations without cell atypism at the margin of erosions and ulcers. This lesion was mainly found 1-9 weeks after administration of MNNG. In glandular hyperplasia (2) either crypts or glands were extended and mucosal layers were thickened. No signs of cell atypism were observed. This lesion was mainly found 12-17 weeks after administration of MNNG. Dysplasia (3) was combined with considerable structural modifications and cellular atypism. However, this lesion was limited to the mucosal layer. Neoplastic changes (4) were characterized by marked cellular atypism and extension to tunica submucosa and tunica serosa. Some tumors showed the histological patterns of benign tumors, but most of them were adenocarcinomas. In some cases metastases into pancreas, liver and lymph nodes and in one case into the 12th rib were observed. No particular enzyme patterns were found by histochemistry.
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PMID:Development of tumors in the glandular stomach of rats after oral administration of carcinogens. I. Histological findings. 13 28

The occurrence of antibodies to herpesvirus hominis types 1 and 2 was studied in Finland among patients with a neoplastic change of the uterine cervix. The following groups were studied: 220 patients with malignant or premalignant lesions of the uterine cervix, 143 control patients matched for age, socioeconomic level, marital status, home district and number of deliveries and 82 patients with breast or stomach cancer. Antibodies to HVH types 1 and 2 were determined using the neutralization test. Sera showing an index of less than or equal to 100 were accepted as positive to type 1 and those of greater than or equal to 85 as positive to type 2. Among patients with a neoplastic change of the uterine cervix the frequency of type 1 antibodies varied between 70% and 79%. In the control group the frequency was 84% and among patients with some other malignancy 91%. These differences in the frequencies of type 1 antibody were not statistically significant. Type 2 antibodies were present in 35 to 47% among dysplasia and malignancy of the cervix. In the control group it was 18% and in other malignancies 20%. The differences between these groups and the controls were almost significant, significant and highly significant, respectively. Differences could also be observed in the distribution of neutralization indexes. The average index calculated from all sera was 48 both in the control group and in the group of other malignancies, while in sera of patients with dysplasia, carcinoma in situ and invasive carcinoma the respective vlaues were 70, 66 and 79. The results are discussed in terms of the role of herpesvirus hominis type 2 in the development of cervical cancer.
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PMID:Antibodies to herpesvirus hominis types 1 and 2 among women with neoplastic change of uterine cervix. 17 31

Differential diagnostic problems between gastric carcinomas and precancerous lesions with severe dysplasia have become more perceptible with the increasing number of resected early carcinomas. Although such problems come up for all macroscopic and histologic types of gastric cancer they are particularly marked between early carcinomas of the elevated type and adenomatous polyps. Elevated early carcinomas are usually highly differentiated adenocarcinomas with a morphology which often reminds of of adenomas. But sometimes the carcinomas also demonstrate convincing signs of being developed from adenomas. The criterion of distinction between intramucosal carcinomas and adenomas is invasion through the basal membrane, often difficult to evaluate. The morphological relation between elevated early gastric carcinomas and adenomas and the criterion of distinction between them were studied in 20 early gastric carcinomas of the Japanese types I and IIa, 6 intramucosal and 14 submucosal all highly differentiated adenocarcinomas, and in 42 polyps, of which 5 were of the adenomatous type. All lesions were taken from resection specimens. Among the carcinomas 5 demonstrated convincing signs of being malignant transformed adenomas. In addition, 6 carcinomas had a morphology which more or less reminded of adenomas, but their genetic origin was more uncertain. Nine carcinomas revealed no sign of an adenomatous origin. Among the 5 polyps diagnosed as adenomas 2 revealed an extraordinary degree of severe dysplasia which caused uncertainty on the benign diagnosis. The rest of the polyps were without dysplasia. The significance of invasion through the basal membrane as an indispensable factor of distinction between adenoma and carcinoma in the stomach is discussed. It is concluded that the degree of dysplasia can be so severe and the invasion so difficult to evaluate that the classification of some few tumours depends on the subjectivity of the single pathologist. Four of the tumours, 2 adenomas and 2 intramucosal carcinomas, having a remarkable macroscopic appearance like a large mucosal fold are especially mentioned. Their relation to gastric mucosal prolaps is discussed. Furthermore, a tumour apparently demonstrating only a moderate degree of dysplasia, but even so setting up metastases is mentioned in detail.
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PMID:Elevated early gastric carcinoma. Differential diagnosis as regards adenomatous polyps. 22 35

The early sequential development of gastric cancer was studied with experimental animals and examined with respect to what conclusions can be drawn for understanding carcinogenesis in man. After limited oral administration of N-methyl-N'nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine to 174 rats carcinomas developed in most cases directly from the otherwise unchanged mucosa through various successive stages of transformation, without passing through a benign-appearing proliferative or neoplastic epithelial lesion. Focal dysplasia grade I was the first recognizable change observed by light microscopy, followed by dysplasia grade II, and subsequently dysplasia grade III. In spite of very similar morphological characteristics, the experimentally induced dysplasias cannot be simply equated in their etiology and biological behavior with the dysplasias of the human stomach. Dysplasias of grade I and II commonly found in man are usually associated with a chronic gastritis; they are located in the upper third of the mucosa and are for the most part reversible. The experimental dysplasias occuring in the proliferative zone of an otherwise undisturbed mucosa must be considered potentially premalignant, as they are irreversible and develop progressively. This finding points out that in man dysplasias grade III within the regenerative zone of non-inflammatory mucosa should be considered particularly as possible precursors of gastric carcinomas.
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PMID:Early sequential lesions during development of experimental gastric cancer with special reference to dysplasias. 39 7

In histological examination of gastrectomy specimens from patients with duodenal ulcer, gastric ulcer, and early and advanced cancer, both chronic atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia were identified in 54% of the cases with duodenal ulcer. At 90 to 100%, respectively, these mucosal changes were approximately twice as frequent with gastric ulcer and early and advanced gastric cancer. Mild dysplasia occurred in 54% of the cases with duodenal ulcer; occurred somewhat more frequently with gastric ulcer, in 75% of the cases; and in almost all cases with early and advanced gastric cancer, at 90% and 100%, respectively. Whereas 27% of the cases with duodenal ulcer, 62% with gastric ulcer, and 90% and 95% of the respective cases with early and advanced gastric cancer showed moderate dysplasia, only severe dysplasia in early gastric cancer (40%) and advanced gastric (81%) was clearly more frequent in comparison to duodenal ulcer (9%) and gastric ulcer (12%). In the cases with duodenal ulcer chronic atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia were limited mostly to the antrum; with gastric ulcer and cancerous stomach disorders, they also occurred in other stomach sections. Mild and moderate dysplasia conformed to the same distribution pattern. Severe dysplasia, which was only detected in two ulcer cases, was not only substantially more frequent in cases with early and advanced gastric cancer, but also showed a clear topographic relationship to cancer localization in the stomach.
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PMID:Gastritis, intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia versus benign ulcer in stomach and duodenum and gastric carcinoma -- a histotopographical study. 46 Dec 33

Because of the higher risk of cancer in the gastric stump, an increased incidence of pre-cancerous conditions should be exspected also in the resected stomach. Therefore, a combined endoscopic and bioptic study was performed in order to investigate the incidence of dysplasias in the gastric stump after resection for benign conditions. Among 101 patients with gastric resection, 2 cases were excluded from this study because of preceeding gastric cancer and one because of cancer of the gastric stump. In 43 of the remaining 98 patients, a Billroth-I-resection (gastroduodenostomy) had been carried out. In the remaining 55 patients with a Billroth-II-resection (gastroenterostomy) 9 had an additional enteroanastomosis of Braun whereas in the residual 46 patients this enteroanastomosis was lacking. This distinction was made because of a facultative or obligatory bile reflux. The average age of the B-I-group was 68 years, of the B-II-group with enteroanastomosis 69 years, and the B-II-group without enteroanastomosis 62 years. A non-operated group matched for age served as control group. Biopsy particles from the anastomotic region were gained by endoscopy and cut in step sections. The classification of dysplasias (degree I-III) followed the criteria given by Nagayo as modified by Grundmann. Inflammatory reactive changes were separated from these. A few changes could not be classified definitely and were listed as unclassified dysplasia. While dysplastic changes of low degree were quite numerous in every group, the dysplasias of higher degree were only found in a small number of cases. In the 46 cases with B-II-resection without Braun's enteroanastomosis, there were 5 dysplasia II and 3 dysplasia II. In the 9 cases with B-II-resection and with Braun's enteroanastomosis, there was 1 dysplasia I and no dysplasia III. In the 43 patient with B-I-resection only 2 dysplasia II and no dysplasia III were found. In the control group of 98 patients matched for age there were only 5 cases with dysplasia I and 1 case with dysplasia III. Patients with higher degrees of dysplasia showed a higher age and a longer interval after operation. There was also a correlation between higher degrees of dysplasia and severe atrophic changes in the mucosa. Correlating the degree of dysplasia with the reason for gastric resection, most of the dysplastic changes occurred in patients resected for gastric ulcer, whereas cases resected for duodenal ulcer showed only 2 dysplasias I. The discussion refers to the few data about dysplasia of the gastric stump available from the literature. Atrophic and increased regenerative changes obviously play a role in the pathogenesis of these dysplastic changes. As a causative factor the role of bile reflux is discussed. A further diagnostic and therapeutic regimen for the different forms of dysplasia is proposed.
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PMID:Incidence of epithelial dysplasia after partial gastric resection. 46 Dec 34

Based on the experience with gastric biopsies in a rural population of Colombia with very high rates of gastric cancer, a description of the dysplasias of the gastric mucosa is given. It recognizes two main types of dysplasias: hyperplastic and adenomatous. Different degrees of atypism are recognized within each category. A comparison with other classifications of gastric dysplasias is offered. A positive correlation of dysplasia with gastric juice nitrite is found and offered as an adjuvant to the evaluation of patients with this type of condition.
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PMID:Histopathology of gastric dysplasias: correlations with gastric juice chemistry. 53 86

The incidence and distribution of chronic gastritis, chronicatrophic gastritis and epithelial dysplasia I-III have been investigated in 50 resected stomachs of patients suffering from duodenal ulcer, gastric ulcer, early or advanced gastric cancer. Only in gastric cancer epithelial dysplasia III has been frequently observed, particularly in the neighbourhood of gastric cancer. Distribution of chronic-atrophic gastritis was similar to the distribution of dysplasia I and II. These mucosal lesions were detectable with the same frequency in patients with or without gastric cancer.
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PMID:[Histo-topography of gastric mucosa changes in benign and malignant stomach diseases]. 61 13

A prospective study with two gastric biopsies taken several years apart was carried out in 117 subjects with intestinal metaplasia who are of the Lewis(a-b+) phenotype. They are residents of a rural Andean region in Colombia displaying very high rates of gastric cancer. The anomalous expression of Lewis(a) antigens in the metaplastic epithelium carried a significantly increased risk of colonic metaplasia and dysplasia. Such risk was much higher when the simultaneous expression of sulfomucins and Lewis(a) antigen was observed.
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PMID:Prospective study of Lewis antigen alterations in the gastric precancerous process. 130 6

We report a case of adenocarcinoma in Barrett's esophagus following a total resection of the gastric remnant. A 52-year-old man had undergone a distal gastrectomy for gastric cancer at 33 years of age and a total resection of the gastric remnant for local recurrence of the gastric cancer at 35 years of age. Repeated endoscopic examinations revealed the sequence of reflux esophagitis and Barrett's esophagus. Furthermore, adenocarcinoma in Barrett's esophagus was detected in December, 1989. A subtotal esophagectomy was performed in January, 1990. The elevated lesion in the lower esophagus showed coarse lobulation and measured 7.4 x 3.2 cm. The histologic type was that of well-differentiated adenocarcinoma, with the invasion limited to the muscularis mucosae without lymph node involvement. Severe dysplasia was seen adjacent to the definite carcinoma. The case supports the acquired theory of pathogenesis for Barrett's esophagus and suggests that reflux esophagitis after total gastrectomy may result in a dysplasia-carcinoma sequence.
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PMID:Adenocarcinoma in Barrett's esophagus following total resection of the gastric remnant: a case report. 133 73


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