Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0024623 (gastric cancer)
 36,219 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Triptolide (Tri) is a diterpenoid triepoxide isolated from Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F. The effects of Tri on the colony formation of breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 and BT-20, stomach cancer cell lines MKN-45, MKN-7, and KATO-III, and promyelocytic leukemia cell line HL-60 were reported. Using Hamburger-Salmon's double layer agar technique with certain modifications, cancer cells were cultured in 0.3% agar in a highly humidified atmosphere of 5% CO2 at 37 degrees C for 14-21 d. Colonies were counted on d 14 (occasionally d 21) with the colony analyzer system CA-7A. Of the 5 solid tumor cell lines tested, 4 showed diminished colony formation in soft agar by greater than 70% of control value in Tri 10(-8) mol.L-1 (continuous exposure). The magnitudes of the inhibitory effect of Tri on most breast and stomach cancer cell lines were similar to that on the leukemia cell line HL-60. IC50 were 0.504-1.22 micrograms.L-1. The clinically achievable peak plasma concentration (PPC) of Tri was estimated as 0.15 mg.L-1, being 72-126 times higher than the IC70 of the cancer cell lines except KATO-III. The results suggest that Tri might have a potential therapeutic effect on some types of solid tumors, e.g., breast and stomach cancers.
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PMID:Inhibitory effect of triptolide on colony formation of breast and stomach cancer cell lines. 181 94

In order to search for more efficient effector cells than the classical LAK cells for tumor immunotherapy, antitumor activity of TIL was studied. Although fresh TIL were unable to kill both NK-sensitive K562 and NK-resistant Anip 973 targets, rIL-2 activated TIL from 8 lung carcinoma and 4 gastric cancer patients did express significant cytotoxicity against allogeneic solid tumor targets Antitumor activity of activated TIL was more efficient than that of activated autologous PBL By limiting dilution assay, TIL were shown to have a higher frequency of LAK precursors than PBL.
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PMID:[Antitumor activity of human tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) and its comparison with peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL)]. 217 96

The tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) were cultured with interleukin 2 (IL-2) to induce the cytotoxic T lymphocytes possessing autologous tumor-killing activity from 21 cancer patients (11 with solid tumor and 10 with malignant peritoneal or pleural effusions), and transferred into 7 patients as IL-2-activated TIL adoptively. The clinical application of activated TIL by adoptive transfer could result the complete regression of malignant pleural effusions in a patient with pancreatic cancer, and the nearly complete regression of malignant ascites in a patient with gastric cancer. The autologous tumor cells were isolated at the purity of more than 90% by Ficoll-Hypaque and Percoll discontinuous gradients, and then the TIL were cultured with IL-2 until 4 weeks. The optimal concentration of IL-2 was 1,500 IU/ml to obtain maximum proliferation and autologous tumor killing activity. The cytotoxic activities of activated TIL at 3 weeks-incubation was 72 +/- 15, 42 +/- 26, 27 +/- 21 and 22 +/- 15% against K562, Daudi, KATO-III and autologous tumor, respectively. By negative selection method, it was clarified that the killer cells recognizing autologous tumor consisted of CD4 or CD8 positive T lymphocyte in 43% of patients. The CD8 positive cells and CD56 positive cells increased, the CD4 positive cells and CD16 positive cells decreased by flow cytometry. The activated TIL could lyse not only cultured tumor cell lines, also other autologous tumor cells. The CD56+ cells were isolated by the Panning method, these cells could not lyse autologous tumor cells. Thus, it was indicated that the cytotoxic T lymphocytes recognizing autologous tumor could be generated from TIL and the adoptive immunotherapy of activated TIL was effective in cancer therapy.
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PMID:[Clinical application of adoptive immunotherapy by cytotoxic T lymphocytes induced from tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes]. 239 45

We have been able to achieve targeting of anticancer treatments using the differences between the neovasculature of solid tumors and the vasculature of normal tissues. The first of these differences was as follows; We discovered that when the lipid contrast medium, Lipiodol, was administered arterially, it remained selectively in the solid tumor for a long time. Using this characteristic nature of Lipiodol, we achieved targeting of anticancer chemotherapy by arterial administration of oily anticancer drugs solubilized in Lipiodol. Remarkable anticancer effects against various malignant solid tumors were observed using this targeting chemotherapy. The second of the above differences, studied by Suzuki, is responsiveness to angiotensin II, in which the blood flow in the tumor can be increased using this vasoconstrictor. With Angiotensin II, a larger volume of oily anticancer drugs could be delivered to the tumor. The third difference is the permeability of the neovasculature to drugs of high molecular weight and the duration that these drugs remain in the extracapillary space. The high-molecular-weight anticancer agent, SMANCS (m.w. 17,000) dissolved in 5% glucose solution, was administered intravenously, and its histological antitumor effects on gastric cancer and esophageal cancer were clearly observed.
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PMID:[Targeting of anticancer chemotherapy utilizing the characteristic nature of the neovasculature of solid tumors]. 242 43

Sixty-eight patients with various malignancy was examined for their natural killer (NK) cell activity against 14 target cell lines. The group consisted of 10 patients with gastric cancer, 10 patients with lung cancer, 8 patients with hepatoma, 11 patients with cancer of female genital organs, 14 patients with malignant lymphoma and 15 patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). The target cells from a variety of lineage were selected to examine the disease-related specificity in NK cell activity. The peripheral mononuclear cells from patients with gastric cancer did not show a decrease in NK activity against 14 targets including gastric cancer cell lines. Other patients except for AML demonstrated low NK activity against one or two target cells out of 14 targets. Whereas, NK activity in patients with AML was remarkably depressed against 10 target cells out of 14. At single cell assay, killing ability rather than binding activity to target was markedly impaired in AML. Comprehensively, the data demonstrated the marked difference in the NK level between the patients with solid tumor and the patients with hematopoietic malignancy. There existed neither disease-related specificity in NK cytolysis, nor correlation in NK levels and clinical severity in the patients with malignancy. These results suggested that it was very difficult to evaluate the anti-cancer capacity in patients with malignancy by NK activity alone.
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PMID:Natural killer (NK) cell activity in patients with various malignancy against a variety of target cell lines: re-evaluation of clinical significance of natural killer cell activity. 281 Sep 19

In order to study the antitumor effect of FT-207 in a solid tumor, it is necessary to determine the concentration of 5-FU and FT-207 in a tissue. This has only been done so far for gastric cancer and colon cancer, but these has been practically no research carried out regarding cancers of the liver, biliary tract and pancreas. A study was therefore made of lymph nodes and tissues after rectal administration of FT-207 suppositories to 12 patients with cancers of the liver, biliary tract and pancreas. These included 7 cases of pancreatic cancer, 2 cases of gall bladder cancer with infiltration to the liver, and 3 cases of hepatoma. In serum, the concentration of 5-FU reached 0.018 +/- 0.006 micrograms/ml at one hour after administration, 0.019 +/- 0.004 micrograms/ml at three hours after administration, and 0.023 +/- 0.008 micrograms/ml at six hours after administration. These concentrations would be expected to maintain a clinically sufficient dose. The concentration of 5-FU in metastatic lymph nodes was high compared with normal lymph nodes (p less than 0.05), its concentration in liver tumors was high while compared with normal liver tissues (p less than 0.05).
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PMID:[Clinical study on concentration of FT-207 and 5-FU in serum, lymph nodes and tissues after rectal administration of FT-207 suppositories for malignant diseases of the liver, biliary tract and pancreas]. 392 11

A phase II study of MCNU tablets in gastrointestinal cancer was carried out by the Hanshin MCNU cooperative study group involving 21 institutions. The selection of patients and evaluation of tumor response were based on the Criteria for the Evaluation of tumor Response by Chemotherapy in Solid Tumor Patients by Koyama and Saito. Of 67 patients who were entered into the study, 46 patients were evaluable, and comprised of 27 cases of gastric cancer, 13 of colorectal cancer, 2 hepatoma, and 4 patients suffering from other typas of gastrointestinal cancer. MCNU was administered orally at a dose of 50 mg/body/day for 4-6 days consecutive every 6-8 weeks. Only one partial response was obtained among the rectal cancer patients, with a response rate of 2.3% (1/43) in evaluable patients. Minor responses were obtained in 3 patients including 2 of gastric cancer with liver metastasis and 1 colon cancer with liver metastasis. Major side effects were marrow suppression and gastrointestinal symptoms. The former consisted of mainly leukopenia (15 patients, 30.0%), thrombocytopenia (20 patients, 40.0%), and oligochromaemia (10 patients, 20.0%). The latter consisted of mainly nausea and vomiting (5 patients, 10.0%).
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PMID:[A phase II study of ranomustine (MCNU) tablets in patients with gastrointestinal cancer--by cooperative study group]. 649

Colony forming ability of solid tumor cells was studied in a tumor colony assay (human tumor stem cell assay). In 50 cases of solid tumors, cloning efficiencies of 5 X 10(5) cells plated were as follows: breast cancer 12/12 (100%), colon cancer 10/11 (91%), ovarian cancer 9/9 (100%), sarcomas 7/9 (78%), gastric cancer 3/6 (50%), endometrial cancer 2/2 and pancreatic cancer 1/1. An overall cloning efficiency was 88% (44/50) and this rate is higher than those reported in literatures. Ovarian cancer showed the highest plating efficiency of 0.07% (number of colonies/number of cells plated X 100%) in various solid tumors tested. Subsequently, plating efficiencies of colon and breast cancer were 0.03 and 0.01%, respectively. In the cases of sarcomas and gastric cancer, low plating efficiencies were seen (0.008%, 0.003%). The overall rate succeeded colony growth of solid tumors was somewhat higher in enzymatically treated tumor cells, that is, cloning efficiencies in mechanical and enzymatic methods were 85 and 90%, respectively. The enzymatic disaggregation is an advantageous method in gastric cancer and sarcomas. Various solid tumors can be formed colonies in soft agar and chemosensitivity test using in vitro colony assay is expected in solid tumors.
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PMID:[Colony formation of solid tumors in in vitro colony assay (human tumor stem cell assay)]. 676 97

8-chloroadenosine showed marked activity against mice solid tumor hepatoma 22 (H22) and ascitic leukemia L-1210. At 100mg. Kg-1. /d x 7, the inhibition rate of H22 was 71.7 +/- 13.3% (P < 0.01) and 66.1 +/- 4.46% (P < 0.01), i.p. and i.v., respectively; at the same dose, the life-prolonging rate of mice bearing L-1210 was 124.0 +/- 22.1% (P < 0.01) and 104.2 +/- 20.1% (P < 0.01), i.p. and i.v., respectively. 8-chloroadenosine also showed activity against 3 human cancer cell lines in vitro. The IC50 values were determined by measuring cell growth using trypan blue dye exclusion. The results showed that HL-60 and K562, and human gastric cancer cell line MGc80-3 and IC50 values of 1. 8 mumol/L, 4.2 mumol/L and 1.56 mumol/L, respectively. The toxicity of 8-chloroadenosine was low, with LD50 of 1025.0 +/- 52.4 mg/kg for mice and 793.4 +/- 70.1 mg/kg for rats by single i.p. injection.
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PMID:[Antitumor activities of 8-chloroadenosine in vivo and in vitro]. 765 89

We found that vitamin D3 up-regulates the expression of cytidine deaminase (CDD) gene in some human solid tumor cell lines as well as the monocytic leukemia cell lines. Two kinds of full length CDD cDNA were identified from human placenta: one has glutamine and the other one has lysine at codon 27. The expression was tested in various normal tissues and the cancer cell lines. Northern blot analysis demonstrated high levels of CDD mRNA in leukocytes and moderate levels in liver, kidney, placenta, spleen and lung. Expression of CDD in 20 human cancer cell lines was highly variable and not related to its expression in normal tissues. Treatment of the cell lines with 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 resulted in up-regulation of CDD expression in some lines but not others. Three of five gastric carcinoma cell lines and five of eight colorectal cancer lines had increased levels of CDD mRNA following 24 h treatment with vitamin D3. Increased mRNA was detected in gastric cancer MKN 45 cells after 3 h of treatment with vitamin D3 and increased enzyme activity was measured after 24 to 48 h. But no combined effect of calcitriol with 9-cis retinoic acid was found. Our results demonstrate that CDD can be up-regulated by vitamin D3 in some solid tumor cell lines.
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PMID:Expression of cytidine deaminase in human solid tumors and its regulation by 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. 867 45


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