Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0024623 (gastric cancer)
 36,219 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Eight measures were used to assess the nutritional status of 80 patients with esophageal cancer, 58 with gastric cancer, and 50 healthy controls. Postoperative complications were divided into three categories: septic, anastomotic leakage, and nonseptic. Protein-calorie malnutrition (PCM) of esophageal cancer patients was characterized by a greater depletion of arm muscle circumference (AMC) and body weight (BW) compared with findings in the gastric cancer patients. Average AMC, BW, triceps skinfold (TSF), and levels of retinol-binding protein (RBP) on admission were lower in patients who suffered fatal septic complications than in those who did not. The reduction of AMC, BW, and RBP was observed even after preoperative total parenteral nutrition (TPN). It is concluded that patients with a nutritional depletion as assessed by these measures on admission should be treated with preoperative TPN, and, if nutritional correction of these measures is poor, other perioperative therapy to prevent fatal septic complications should be given.
 ...
PMID:Correlations between preoperative malnutrition and septic complications of esophageal cancer surgery. 213 46

We studied food intake and nutritional status of 28 patients who had undergone total gastrectomy for gastric cancer. At discharge, patients were instructed to keep a high protein, high calorie diet and to record food intake on a specific form, twice weekly. Nutritional follow-up, consisting in a computerized determination of dietary intake and nutritional assessment was performed monthly during the first postoperative year. The average calorie intake was 1,431.8 Kcal/day one month after operation and 2,225.4 Kcal/day one year after surgery (p less than 0.001). In particular, only one patient exceeded 2,000 Kcal/day one month after total gastrectomy, while 21 patients exceed 2,00 Kcal/day one year after operation. The evaluation of nutritional parameters in the postoperative course showed that a significant increase in body weight, serum albumin and total iron binding capacity was observed only in patients who exceed 2,000 Kcal/day one year after operation. These results indicate that malnutrition is not an inevitable consequence of total gastrectomy; in fact, a close relationship between calorie intake and the variations of nutritional parameters was observed.
 ...
PMID:[Malnutrition after total gastrectomy]. 239 51

In malnourished patients, little is known about production of superoxide anion which plays an important role in bactericidal activities of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs). In this study, superoxide production of RMNs was assayed in 98 malnourished patients with cancer of digestive organs, in preoperative and untreated state, in order to evaluate the bactericidal capacity, and following results were obtained. Superoxide production of PMNs in patients with cancer was significantly decreased in comparison with healthy controls, especially in advanced cancer patients. Furthermore, superoxide production of PMNs in cancer patients who were suffered from postoperative septic complications was significantly decreased in comparison with the controls and no complication group. Patients with advanced gastric cancer were evaluated as a state of malnutrition in nutritional assessment. Superoxide production of PMNs in malnourished patients with cancer of digestive organs was depressed. In gastric cancer patients, there were no differences in superoxide production of PMNs among clinical stages in well-nourished patients. On the other hand only in stage IV group of malnourished patients low values were presented. These results may suggest that the decrease in superoxide production of PMNs in patients with cancer contributes to high susceptibility to postoperative infection and is induced by malnutrition.
 ...
PMID:[Superoxide production of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in malnourished patients with cancer of the digestive organs]. 301 13

In order to assess the significance of malnutrition in determining surgical complications and the possibility of their reduction by preoperative nutritional support (PNS), a randomized controlled trial is being performed at our institution. The results relative to 100 patients who underwent major surgery for gastrointestinal disease, are presented here. In the treatment group 49 patients received 30 kcal/kg/day and 200 mg/kg/day of nitrogen for at least 7 days in the immediate preoperative period (nine patients were excluded from this group due to early surgery--seven cases; or refusal to accept PNS--two cases. Data analysis with their inclusion or exclusion showed similar results.) Fifty-one patients constituted the control group. The observed septic complication rate was, respectively, 30 and 35.3% (p:NS). When the analysis was restricted to the patients with abnormal instant nutritional assessment (INA), as defined by Seltzer et al (serum albumin less than 3.5 g/dl and/or total lymphocyte count less than 1500 cells/mm3), a statistically significant difference was observed in the incidence of sepsis between the two subgroups (21% vs 53.3%, p less than 0.05). Analogous results were obtained from the patients who underwent gastrectomy for gastric cancer: 16.7% of septic complications in the malnourished treated patients and 100% in the malnourished control ones (p less than 0.05). The occurrence of serious sepsis (sepsis score greater than or equal to 10, according to the scoring system developed by Elebute and Stoner) in the malnourished subgroups was 5.2% and 26.7%, respectively, (p = 0.09). The postoperative mortality rate was not significantly changed by the PNS (reduction from 3.9% to 2.5%, p:NS).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Preoperative parenteral nutrition in the high risk surgical patient. 312 96

Patients with cancer of the upper gastrointestinal tract such as the esophagus and stomach are malnourished as a result of their cancer-bearing status. In such patients, malnutrition reduces the effects of anti-cancer therapy including surgical treatment. Therefore, we studied the effect of nutritional support in patients with upper gastrointestinal cancer. The incidence of postoperative complications was correlated with the preoperative nutritional status. Thus, improvement of nutritional status by preoperative nutritional support is thought to be important. As metabolic disturbances frequently accompany advanced cancer, the quantity of calories and quality of nutritional regimen were found to be important for improving such metabolic disorders. In the postoperative period, total parenteral nutrition (TPN) prevented the depression of cell-mediated immunity, increased the tolerance to anti-cancer drugs during chemotherapy as an adjunct to surgery, and prolonged the disease-free interval, in patients undergoing absolute non-curative gastrectomy for advanced gastric cancer. The results of chemotherapy were better in recurrent upper gastrointestinal cancer patients whose nutritional parameters were in a favorable range on admission or improved after 2 weeks of TPN.
 ...
PMID:[Nutritional support as an adjunct to the treatment of upper gastrointestinal cancer patients--esophageal and gastric cancer]. 313 86

In recent years nutritional status gained greater attention as a surgical risk factor. This study analyzes the frequency of malnutrition in surgical patients with solid and operable tumors, the relation to the type of tumor and stage of the disease. In addition, the clinical value of the measurements carried out is discussed. The analysis was performed in 100 cancer patients (34 gastric cancer, 56 colorectal cancer, and 10 breast cancer). The nutritional assessment included individual dietary habits, ideal weight/height, triceps skinfold, arm muscle circumference, creatinine-height index, serum protein, albumin, prealbumin, cholinesterase, transferrin, total peripheral lymphocytes, and skin tests. The results were compared with international standards or normal plasma concentrations respectively. Most patients suffered from an alternation of the nutritional parameters indicating malnutrition, mostly Kwashiorkor-Marasmus Mix. Patients with gastrointestinal cancer, especially gastric cancer showed more often a decline of the nutritional status than patients with breast cancer. Malnutrition became more severe with advanced disease. The parameters examined revealed varying significance with respect to the assessment of the nutritional status. Some measurements showed little clinical importance; the reasons are discussed.
 ...
PMID:[Significance of the nutritional status of surgical patients]. 393 Sep 1

Techniques of jejunostomy were established in surgical practice by the turn of the century. They were mainly used to administer normal food for the palliation of advanced gastric cancer. Standard postoperative intravenous fluid therapy did not begin in earnest until the late 1930's and did not become routine until the late 1940's because of pyrogens, fear of fluid overload, and commercial nonavailability. For most gastric procedures performed from 1900 until 1940, postoperative treatment consisted of nutrient and saline enemas and subcutaneous infusion of fluid. Jejunal feedings had their greatest use between 1930 and 1950. Gastrectomy was widely applied for cancer and ulcers in dehydrated, malnourished patients. The importance of hypoproteinemia and malnutrition on postoperative morbidity and mortality was established, and the inability of subcutaneous infusions and nutrient enemas to counteract malnutrition and dehydration was recognized. Jejunostomy or nasojejunal tubes were recommended for routine use after gastric operations. During this period, the major advances in jejunal diets and methods of feeding were accomplished. Attention was paid to assuring adequate amounts of nutrients, minerals, and vitamins, and finding diets that were easily tolerated by the jejunum. Important in these developments was the collaboration of surgeons with physiologists, gastroenterologists, pharmacologists, and members of industry. Several factors combined to reduce the use of jejunostomy after 1950. Intravenous therapy became familiar to the surgical profession, widely available, and safe. The number of gastric resections performed has decreased. Earlier referral for operation has resulted in patients with less preoperative debility and malnutrition. By 1970, total parenteral nutrition was available, and fewer jejunostomies were perceived as necessary. During the same interval, however, the increasing incidence of patients with pancreatic, esophageal, and hepatobiliary disease who faced major operations and catabolic postoperative courses presented a new challenge to the surgical community. A resurgence of concern for nutritional support, in part generated by the availability of total parenteral nutrition, prompted a renewed interest in using the gut for feeding the postoperative patient. This renewed interest, an understanding of the techniques of parenteral nutrition, the rediscovery of the gut as an absorptive surface in the postoperative patient, and the ready availability of a variety of defined formula diets have combined to rekindle the enthusiasm of many surgeons for complementary or adjuvant feeding jejunostomy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Intrajejunal feeding: development and current status. 642 23

Total potassium was assayed in 101 patients (58--laryngeal cancer and 43--stomach cancer) on the basis of natural background radiation of 40K in a low background chamber. Both cellular and extracellular mass of the body was determined. Control group included 260 healthy subjects. Deficiency in cellular and extracellular mass was established. Cellular mass deficiency increased in step with tumor expansion. Cellular mass level showed a decrease within the first days of combined therapy although adequate paranteral nutrition was given.
 ...
PMID:[40K study in laryngeal and stomach cancer]. 663 16

Chile has been no exception to the Latin American trend of declining general mortality, i.e., over the past 20 years (between 1961-81) general mortality in Chile fell by some 47%. A number of circumstances makes Chile a suitable place for studying the factors leading to these favorable developments. National information is available, including reasonably reliable data on the magnitude of health problems, the risks of dying, and the collection of conditioning factors affecting health. Adjusting for age and sex, overall mortality in Chile fell by 20% in the 1960s and 29% in the 1970s, but the most marked declines, especially in the latter decade, occurred among infants (a 60% reduction) and children 1-4 years old (a 67% reduction). Morbidity indicators suggest that overall morbidity declined little, but considerable reductions were observed in infectious disease cases preventable by immunization as well as in moderate and severe cases of malnutrition. Data on deaths attributed to specific causes show that mortality due to certain causes, including communicable diseases, malnutrition, maternal problems, and stomach cancer, dropped sharply, while mortality caused by a wide range of mostly chronic problems remained relatively stable. This implies that health efforts made to combine those latter problems failed to greatly modify the mortality involved. It is difficult to quantify the mental health status of any group unless data on reliable and representative indicators are available. In Chile, information is available only on mortality caused by problems whose genesis normally involves a change in mental health. This happens in the case of alcoholism and cirrhosis of the liver, the latter generally being caused in Chile by excess alcohol consumption. Accidents and violent acts also have been associated frequently in Chile with excess alcohol consumption and emotional disturbances. With the exception of mortality attributed to alcoholism, which increased by 0.3 deaths/100,000 inhabitants between 1970-80, mortality caused by the rest of the conditions associated with mental problems decreased during the decade. The major economic crisis of the 1970s seemed to have no effect on the mortality trend, so that declining mortality appears independent of the significant variations in per capita income during this period. Since the 1960s the Chilean health policy has assigned top priority to maternal and child health, emphasizing periodic checkups for expectant mothers, infants, and young children. Available evidence strongly supports the idea that a notable extension of coverage provided by the Chilean health services, especially primary care and infant oriented health services, was principally responsible for the rapid decline of infant and young child mortality.
 ...
PMID:An analysis of health progress in Chile. 665 16

Recent reports provide evidence that cancer is frequently associated with malnutrition and infection. This is particularly evident when the gastrointestinal tract is involved. The purpose of this study is to investigate the difference between the nutritional status of patients with gastric cancer and with peptic ulcer, and to determine which of the nutritional indicators may be of value in identifying patients with high risk of postoperative infections. A complete nutritional assessment was performed at admission and the following parameters were determined: hemoglobin, total serum protein, albumin, ceruloplasmin, retinol binding protein, transferrin; Fe; urine creatinine, creatinine/height index, arm muscle circumference; ideal body weight, usual body weight, arm circumference, triceps skinfold; lymphocytes, white blood cells, C3c, skin tests to recall and primary antigens. In the cancer patient group, hemoglobin, total protein, albumin, Fe, percentage usual body weight, and delayed hypersensitivity response to skin antigens were significantly more impaired than in controls. Preoperative delayed hypersensitivity response was the only test in correlation with the tumor stage. It was also significantly different in the gastric cancer patients who developed postoperative infections.
 ...
PMID:Nutritional assessment and surgical infections in patients with gastric cancer or peptic ulcer. 720 32


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Next >>