Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0024623 (gastric cancer)
 36,219 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

California has 12% of the U.S. population. In 1991, the newly diagnosed cancer cases in California represented 10% of all new cancer cases in the country, and the yearly toll was 10% of all cancer deaths. Relative to all new cancer cases in the U.S., California had 10, 9.8, 9.8, and 9.3% of breast, lung, prostate, and colorectal cancers, respectively. Because of its large population and cancer incidence, the epidemiology of cancer in California is of particular interest. Epidemiological factors reviewed in this article include ethnicity, lifestyle, occupation, and environmental conditions. Ethnic factors: There is an increased incidence of cervical and gallbladder cancer among Hispanic women, and of stomach cancer in Hispanic men and women. In U.S.-born Chinese men, the most prevalent cancers are those of the lung and colon, which is also seen in American white men. In U.S.-born Chinese women, there is an upward displacement of breast cancer incidence. In U.S.-born Japanese men and women, the mortality rate is closer to that of American whites. Life-style: Members of the Mormon Church and Seventh-Day Adventists have only 50% of the U.S. standardized mortality rate for cancer associated with smoking. Increased coffee consumption has been found to be associated with increased occurrence of colon and bladder cancer; alcohol use has been reported to have a positive association with colorectal cancer. The large AIDS population in San Francisco has a 144-fold odds ratio of Kaposi's sarcoma and a fivefold odds ratio of lymphoma when compared with the general U.S. population. Occupational factors: An increased incidence of mesothelioma in asbestos workers, of gastric cancer, skin cancer, and lymphoma in men working in dusty environments, and of astrocytoma in individuals with prolonged exposure to low-frequency electric and magnetic fields has been recorded. Environmental factors: The drinking-water pool in northern California is contaminated with asbestos of the serpentine type, which is associated with mesothelioma of the peritoneum and carcinoma of the lung, gallbladder, and pancreas. Petrochemical fumes in the heavily industrialized San Francisco Bay area have not been associated with an increased occurrence of cancer. No significant incidence in cancer has been noted in the counties surrounding the nuclear power plant at San Onofre during 18 years of close observation.
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PMID:Epidemiological factors of cancer in California. 146 11

Monoclonal antibody FU-W-H6 whose immunoglobulin subclass was IgG2a kappa was produced against gallbladder carcinoma cell line FU-GBC-2. In normal tissue, this antibody has a strong reactivity specific to the mucosa of the gallbladder (14/15, 94%), bile duct (5/5, 100%), and pancreatic duct (4/5, 80%) in comparison with the lack of the gastric mucosa, and colorectal mucosa with statistically significant differences (p less than 0.01). In cancerous tissue, gallbladder cancer (11/12, 92%), bile duct cancer (5/5, 100%), and pancreatic cancer (2/2, 100%) reacted gastric cancer (4/12, 33%), and colorectal cancer (1/16, 6%) with statistically significant differences (p less than 0.05). On the other hand, another monoclonal antibody FU-W-E2 whose immunoglobulin was IgM has specificity to the gastrointestinal or gallbladder cancers. Eleven of 13 (85%) gastric cancers, 12 of 16 (75%) colorectal cancers, and 9 of 12 (75%) gallbladder cancers reacted positively with statistically significant differences with each normal epithelia (p less than 0.05). Immunoelectron microscopical study revealed that the antigen recognized by FU-W-H6 was localized by FU-W-H6 or E2 antigens were suggested to be a carbohydrates on the glycoprotein, and were thought to have relation to sialic acid by treatment of acid Sciff and enzymes. Western blot analysis demonstrated that their molecular weights were about 87000, and 92000.
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PMID:[Two different types of monoclonal antibodies against gallbladder carcinoma cell line]. 177 Sep 35

We examined the quality of life in the arterial infusion chemotherapy of hepatocellular carcinoma patients using a questionnaire. The questionnaire used a category scale method of five grades. The questions about the quality of life covered ten areas for investigation (appetite, discomfort pain, nausea, daily activities, sleep, fatigue, time with family and friends, thinking about illness and confidence in the treatment). We added up scale points after one week and those after two weeks after the treatment. Patients after one-shot infusion showed aggravated scale points of anorexia and discomfort. Patients after transcatheter arterial embolization showed scale points of abdominal pain, general fatigue and discouragement about illness. Scale points in matters of thinking about illness and confidence in the treatment informed us about confidence in the course of treatment and comprehension of illness by cancer patients. How do we measure the quality of our care? This is difficult, but we thought the rate of being at home in survival might furnish us with much information in respect to the treatment and the quality of our care. In 36 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma treated with transcatheter arterial infusion and embolization, the arithmetic mean survival time after treatment was 412.1 days and time at home was 305.6 days. The rate of being at home doing survival time was 74.2% after the arterial infusion chemotherapy in 39 patients. The rate of being at home in 9 cases with one-shot infusion of Adriamycin was 43.5% (111 days); that in 9 cases with infusion of Mitomycin C microcapsules was 86.6% (716 days); that in 17 cases with transcatheter arterial embolization using spongel was 72.0% (234 days),; and that in 4 cases with infusion using implantable reservoir was 84.6% (220 days). In non-resected patients with chemotherapy, the rate of being at home was 20.3% for 61 cases of gastric cancer patients, 30.7% for 11 cases of colon cancer, 9.6% for 14 cases of gallbladder cancer and 39.8% for 112 cases of lung cancer. The arterial infusion and embolization of hepatocellular carcinoma has made it possible to lengthen the time that patients may stay home and thereby assure good quality of life.
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PMID:[Evaluation of quality of life in arterial infusion chemotherapy of hepatocellular carcinoma]. 216 36

Immunoperoxidase staining for human keratin proteins was performed cytologically on samples from 90 patients with malignant tumors, and histologically on samples from 164 patients with malignant tumors. At the cytological level, almost all tumor cells not only in squamous cell carcinoma but also in nonsquamous cell carcinoma were positive for keratin proteins, in contrast with the apparent abscence of keratin proteins in sarcoma. At the histological level, almost all neoplastic cells of squamous cell carcinoma were positive for keratin proteins, the same as at the cytological level. In contrast, among cases of nonsquamous cell carcinoma, the frequency of appearance of keratin proteins varied according to the organ; it tended to be low in tumors with relatively good prognosis, such as carcinomas in the digestive system or thyroid cancer, and to be high in tumor with poor prognosis, such as pulmonary cancer, gallbladder cancer and endometrial cancer. However, there was a marked difference between the frequency of appearance of keratin proteins at the cytological level and that at the histological level, particularly in the cases of gastric cancer.
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PMID:The localization of human keratin proteins at cytological and histological levels in carcinomatous and sarcomatous lesions. 242 10

Ascitic fluid from tumour patients (hepatoma, gastric cancer, gallbladder cancer, colorectal cancer, ovarian cancer) and from non-malignant diseases (liver cirrhosis, congestive heart failure) were compared with respect to their content of determinants of the fibrinolytic system, tissue-type plasminogen activator antigen (t-PAag) and activity (t-PAact), urokinase-type plasminogen activator antigen (u-PA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor activity (PAI). Furthermore, SDS-polyacrylamide slab-gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) was performed to evaluate molecular weight distribution of the detectable fibrinolytic parameters. In malignant ascites, PAI activity was three to four times higher, and increased complex formation of PAI with t-PA could be demonstrated, compared with non-malignant ascitic fluid. Tissue-type plasminogen activator antigen and activity showed a similar concentration in ascites of both study groups. Urokinase-type plasminogen activator antigen was detectable neither in ascites of malignant nor in ascites of non-malignant origin. It is concluded that t-PA is the physiological plasminogen activator in ascites and that increased PAI levels followed by increased complex formation between t-PA and PAI might reflect a reaction of the peritoneum.
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PMID:Plasminogen activators and plasminogen activator inhibitor in malignant and non-malignant ascitic fluid. 285 12

Based on the overall results of a UFT phase II study made in 104 institutions in Japan from April of 1979 to September of 1980, there was a response rate of 27.7% with 3 CR cases and 49 PR cases out of 188 stomach cancer cases considered as evaluable according to solid cancer chemotherapy direct efficacy criteria. Other response rates were spleen cancer 25%, gallbladder cancer 25%, liver cancer 19.2%, colorectal cancer 25%, breast cancer 32% and lung cancer 7%. Side effects out of 551 cases were, loss of appetite 24.3%, nausea/vomiting 12.5%, diarrhea 11.1% and other digestive system symptoms mainly. The hematologic side effects were mild, being 6.9%. According to the UFT phase II study, in 438 evaluable cases followed for 5 years after testing, the results were analyzed in terms of therapeutic efficacy and survival time. In 185 stomach cancer cases, 50% survival time was 185 days, with CR + PR cases 336 days, MR + NC cases 183 days, and PD cases 97 days. Colorectal cancer showed a 50% survival time of 227 days in 54 cases, while that for 49 breast cancer cases was 505 days. Total Ftorafur (FT) results using the same criteria from the UFT phase II study revealed, from a comparison of dosage and disease type, that UFT did not enhance FT side effects; rather, it markedly increases effectiveness. Therefore, on the basis of its response rate and the survival time for the cases of digestive system cancer, UFT is considered an effective anticancer agent.
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PMID:[Report on nationwide pooled data and cohort investigation in UFT phase II study]. 311 85

A study of lymphangiosis carcinomatosa of the liver was performed. Lymphangiosis carcinomatosa is a disease showing diffuse lymphangitic spread of cancer cells in the interstitium of the organ. Among a total of 762 cases of malignant disease, lymphangiosis carcinomatosa of the liver was found in 10 cases out of 250 with liver metastases. Among a total of 10 cases of primary cancer showing this condition, 8 were gastric cancer, the other 2 being pancreas cancer and gallbladder cancer. With regard to the histological type of primary cancer in this disease, all cases were poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. On the basis of the histological findings, the spread of this disease seems to occur in a retrograde manner from the large lymphatics of the hilum to the periphery.
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PMID:Lymphangiosis carcinomatosa of the liver. 321 15

In vitro chemosensitivity was evaluated by SDI test in various human tumors including 1 lymph node metastasis of esophageal cancer, 10 gastric cancers, 4 colo-rectal cancers, 1 hepatoma, 2 lung cancers, 2 breast cancers and 1 gallbladder cancer. Tumor fragments cut with scissors were exposed to twelve kinds of antitumor drugs at five to ten times peak plasma concentration. After 3 days at 37 degrees C, each tumor fragment suspension was washed with phosphate-buffered saline and assayed for succinate dehydrogenase (SD) activity using 3-(4,5- dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2, 5-diphenyl-2H tetrazolium bromide (MTT) as a hydrogen acceptor. When the SD activity of the drug-treated cells was reduced to below 50% that of control cells, the chemosensitivity to the antitumor drug was considered positive. The chemosensitivity of each tumor varied individually. Mitomycin C or 5-fluorouracil are regularly used to treat gastric cancer patients, but, some specimens of gastric cancer in this study showed a resistance to these drugs and an unexpected sensitivity to other drugs. Our results show that the SDI test is a convenient method for clinical use and gives significant information about drug sensitivity.
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PMID:[In vitro chemosensitivity of various human tumors evaluated by the SDI (succinate dehydrogenase inhibition) test]. 405 18

Forty patients with hepatoma and metastatic tumors of liver were treated with rapid arterial infusion administered simultaneously using 30-40 mg of adriamycin and 10-20 mg of mitomycin C into the hepatic artery by Seldinger catheter. They were 16 patients with breast cancer, 21 with gastrointestinal tumors including hepatoma; 6, gastric cancer; 5, colon cancer; 7, gallbladder cancer; 2, pancreas cancer; 1, and three with other malignancies, respectively. Partial responses were obtained in 14 of 40 patients (35%). The response rate in patients with breast cancer was 44% (7/16), while it was 29% (6/21) with gastrointestinal tumors. The median duration of response was relatively short, being 3.5 months in the former patients and 2.3 months in the latter patients. The median duration of survival was 4.0+ months. The results indicate that this arterial infusion therapy is one of the useful treatments in the management of malignant tumors of the liver. Leukopenia less than 4 x 10(3)/cmm was seen in 63%, while thrombocytopenia less than 100 x 10(3)/cmm in 38%, and decreased hemoglobin value of more than 2 g/dl in 13%, which were quite tolerable. Gastrointestinal symptoms and hair loss were milder than those from systemic chemotherapy. Renal toxicity was seen in three patients, and two patients died of renal failure, thus the renal toxicity, which may be related to contrast media as well as anticancer agents, should be carefully prevented by proper hydration.
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PMID:[Arterial infusion of combination chemotherapy using adriamycin and mitomycin C for hepatoma and metastatic tumors of the liver]. 630 77

PCAA, a glycoprotein antigen fractionated from the ascites fluid of a patient with pancreatic cancer and sharing an identical immunogenicity with Gelder's POA, and PaA, a novel pancreatic tissue antigen, were studied immunohistologically. Serial paraffin sections were prepared from surgical specimens of 11 cases of pancreatic cancer, 15 of gastric cancer, 12 of colonic cancer, and 2 of gallbladder cancer; these were then subjected to immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase stainings. In noncancerous tissues, PCAA was detected unexpectedly at goblet cells of the whole intestine, but was completely absent in pancreatic tissues, while PaA was not demonstrated in intestinal tissues, but was positive at acinar cells of the pancreas. In pancreatic cancer tissues, PCAA and PaA were detected at apical cytoplasm of cancer cells, although positive cells were in different proportions and had different distributions. PCAA-positive cells were mucin-producing (positive in PAS-alcian blue staining) and were well differentiated histologically, while PaA-positive cells were less differentiated and poor in mucin production. Among 11 cases of pancreatic cancer, both PCAA- and PaA-positive cells were demonstrated in 3 cases, PCAA-positive cells alone were found in 3 cases, and PaA-positive cells alone were seen in 4 cases. In 27 gastrointestinal cancer tissues, PCAA was detected in 7 cases of mucin-producing cancer, and PaA was demonstrated in 2 cases of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma.
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PMID:Differential distribution of the pancreatic cancer-associated antigen (PCAA) and pancreatic tissue antigen (PaA) in pancreatic and gastrointestinal cancer tissues. 636 96


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