Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0024623 (gastric cancer)
 36,219 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Gastric cancer (Gc) is generally conceived as having a multifactorial origin. Different genetic factors, soil, nutritional and socioeconomic factors have all been mentioned in the literature as possible causes. Further research on the causation of Gc has, in fact, been hampered by the large number of hypotheses. A strong geographic association between gastric cancer and stroke mortality was found by chance in 1964; this association could be spurious, but the quantitative analysis of the data showed similar relationships both between countries and within countries (e.g., in countries as different as the US and Japan), a very unlikely situation if due to chance. The same quantitative relationship was maintained using multiple regression analysis of stroke mortality. All this was observed for each sex separately and for both sexes combined. The working hypothesis was set forth in 1965 that salt intake was the predominant linking factor for both types of mortality. Stroke would then be influenced by the relationship between salt and blood pressure; Gc would result from the delaying and caustic properties of a hypertonic stomach content. The latter condition could produce atrophic gastritis, a common problem in Japan, Chile and Columbia. Atrophic gastritis favors the synthesis of endogenous nitrites and, henceforth, of nitroso-carcinogens. The salt hypothesis can give an explanation for the geographical and time behavior of Gc and stroke mortality and for the socioeconomic gradient of both diseases. Gc mortality can also be used to provide a rough estimate of the salt intake in a given country and year. The hypothesis was tested in Belgium through a deliberate attempt to lower the salt intake of the population. The observed decreases in Gc and stroke mortality were consistent with the measured decrease in salt excretion. Further research is urgently needed through the monitoring of 24-hour salt and creatinine excretion in different countries and over many years.
 ...
PMID:Nutrition and gastric cancer. 734 85

We studied 18 formalin-fixed brains using MRI, and correlated our data with subsequent gross and microscopic examinations. 9 of our patients died from brain diseases (stroke due to infarction 4, stroke due to hemorrhage 1, encephalitis 2, head injury 1, brain tumor 1). 9 of our patients died from non-CNS diseases (stomach cancer 1, colon cancer 1, liver cirrhosis 1, myocardial infarction 2, trauma 4). In MRI of postmortem brain, T1WI and T 2WI was able to clearly show the myelination process of brainstem, basal ganglia, internal capsule and optic radiation in a 2 months-old-boy. The findings were similar to MRI of live infants. In normal adult postmortem brains, the T1WI showed a relatively low signal intensity of white matter as compared to gray matter. The pictures were similar to proton density images, not T1WI of normal adult brains. The reason why the signal intensity of the white matter was lower than the gray matter may have been due to lysis of lipid of myelin sheath in the formalin solution. Postmortem MRI was able to detect the periventricular hyperintensity (corresponding to arteriosclerotic encephalopathy) and subcortical hyperintensity spots (which corresponding to the widening of the Virchow-Robin perivascular space because of arteriosclerosis) in the brains of our elderly patients. Postmortem MRI detected the intracerebral hemorrhage, which appeared as a dark signal in both short and long TR images. However, MRI did not show blood in the ventricles, sulci, or superficial hemorrhages in the cortex of brain. Brain edema was revealed in the postmortem MRI and appeared as low signal intensity in T1WI and hyperintensity in T2WI. It was associated with a significant mass effect.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:[MRI of postmortem brains]. 820 68

We report a 91-year-old man who had a stroke and died of renal failure. He had been treated for hypertension since 20 years before the onset of the present illness. In addition, he was operated on a gastric cancer 17 years previously. Otherwise he was doing well until May 29, 1991 (when he was 87-year-old) when he had sudden onset of dysarthria and right facial weakness. He was admitted to our hospital. On admission, general physical examination was unremarkable, and neurologic examination revealed a mentally sound man with slight dysarthria, right facial weakness, orolingual dyskinesia, and dysequilibrium in which he showed difficulty in tandem gait; however, no cerebellar ataxia was noted. A cranial CT scan revealed leukoaraiosis with multiple low density areas in the cerebral white matter. His BUN was 37 mg/dl and Cr 2.2 mg/dl. His neurologic symptoms cleared within the next few weeks and he was discharged with ticlopidine 100 mg q.d.. He had been doing well after the discharge except for gradual worsening of his renal function; his BUN was 65 mg/dl and Cr 3.27 mg/dl in April of 1994. On March 10, 1995, he fell down and hit his back; he became unable to walk because of pain, and he was admitted again on March 16, 1995. On admission, his blood pressure was 170/80 mmHg. There was an 1 + pitting pretibial edema; otherwise general physical examination was unremarkable. Neurologic examination revealed an alert and oriented man, however, Hasegawa's dementia scale was 23/30. Higher cerebral functions as well as cranial nerves were intact. He showed some unsteadiness of gait, however, no motor weakness or ataxia was noted. Deep tendon reflexes were diminished, but Chaddock sign was positive bilaterally. Vibration was diminished in the feet, however, pain and touch sensations were intact. Laboratory examination revealed a compression fracture of the twelfth thoracic vertebra. Blood count and chemistries were as follows; Hb 7.6 g/dl, Hct 23.3%, TP 6.0 g/dl, Alb 3.6 g/dl, BUN 87 mg/dl, Cr 4.53 mg/dl, T-Chol 174 mg/dl, HDL-Chol 49 mg/dl, Glu 156 mg/dl, Na 142 mEq/L, K 5.4 mEq/L, Cl 115 mEq/L. A urine specimen contained 1 + protein and 1 + glucose, and the sediments contained hyaline casts. A cranial CT scan was essentially same as that taken four years ago. His hospital course was complicated with pneumonia, congestive heart failure, and progressive renal failure. He was treated with intravenous fluid, chemotherapy, and other supportive measures, however, he expired from respiratory failure on April 30, 1995. He was discussed in a neurologic CPC, and the chief discussant arrived at the conclusion that the patient had Binswanger's disease in the brain, benign nephrosclerosis from arteriolosclerosis due to hypertension, congestive heart failure, and pneumonia. Opinions were divided regarding the question as to whether or not this patient had Binswanger's disease. Although his cranial CT scan revealed leukoaraiosis, his dementia and gait disturbance was only mild until his fall on March, 1995. Clinical features did not conform to those of Binswanger's disease. Postmortem examination of the right hemisphere revealed wide spread atherosclerosis and arteriolosclerosis. The kidney showed benign nephrosclerosis due to arteriolosclerosis. Sclerotic changes were also seen in the coronary arteries and the left middle cerebral artery with 70% stenosis. Myelin stain showed diffuse myelin pallor of the cerebral white matters with scattered small infarcts. Arterioles in the white matter showed arteriolosclerosis. Small infarcts were also seen in the putamen and in the thalamus. This patient appeared to have had circulatory disturbance of the white matter which is the basic abnormality causing Binswanger's disease. However, white matter changes in this patient were not quite severe enough to make a pathologic diagnosis of Binswanger's disease.
 ...
PMID:[A 91-year-old man with a stroke, hypertension, and renal failure]. 899 Apr 84

The average salt intake (sodium chloride) in Denmark is about 10 g/person/day, which is approximately 8 times higher than the estimated need. Salt added during industrial processing of foods constitutes more than 50% of the daily salt intake. Observational and experimental epidemiological studies indicate no decisive effects on blood pressure in humans caused by considerable variations in the daily salt intake. However, a small group of patients with hypertension may lower their blood pressure by reducing the daily intake of salt to 5 g. It has not been convincingly documented that high salt intake is an independent risk factor in the pathogenesis of asthma, osteoporosis, toxaemia of pregnancy or apoplectic stroke. On the other hand, several epidemiological studies point to the fact that the intake of salted foods may increase the risk of gastric cancer. It is recommended 1) that the food industry as far as possible limits the addition of salt, 2) that foods are supplied with a declaration of the salt content, and 3) that the research in this field is strengthened to facilitate the identification of persons at increased risk of developing disorders associated with high salt intake.
 ...
PMID:[Salt--an analysis of the connection between intake and health]. 899 74

Mortality was analyzed for an automotive engine foundry and machining complex, with process exposures derived from department assignments. Logistic regression models of mortality odds ratios (ORs) were calculated for 2546 deaths, and numbers of work-related deaths were estimated. Lung cancer mortality in the foundry was increased where cleaning and finishing of castings was performed (OR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.15 to 2.4 [at mean exposure duration of exposed cases]) and in care-making after 1967 (OR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.11 to 2.0). Black workers had excess lung cancer mortality in machining heat-treat operations (OR, 2.5, 95% CI, 1.4 to 4.3) and excess nonmalignant respiratory disease mortality in molding (OR, 2.5; 95% CI, 1.16 to 5.5) and core-making (OR, 2.7; 95% CI, 1.25 to 5.8). Stomach cancer mortality was elevated among workers with metalworking fluid exposures in precision grinding (OR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.14 to 5.1). Heart disease mortality was increased among all workers in molding (OR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.09 to 2.3), as was stroke mortality among workers exposed to metalworking fluids (OR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.22 to 2.7). Malignant and nonmalignant liver disease mortality was elevated in assembly/testing and precision grinding. In this modern foundry, 11% of deaths were estimated to be work-related despite it's being largely in regulatory compliance over its 40-year existence. Machining plant exposures accounted for 3% or more of deaths there.
 ...
PMID:Mortality at an automotive engine foundry and machining complex. 1138 84

The number of mammalian calpain protease family members has grown to 14 on last count. Overactivation of calpain 1 and calpain 2 (and their small subunit) has long been tied to acute neurological disorders (e.g. stroke and traumatic brain injury) and recently to Alzheimer's disease. Loss-of-function mutations of the calpain 3 gene have now been identified as the cause of limb-girdle muscular dystrophy 2A. Calpain 10 was recently identified as a susceptibility gene for type 2 diabetes, whereas calpain 9 appears to be a gastric cancer suppressor. This review describes our current understanding of the calpain family members and their mechanistic linkages to the aforementioned diseases as well as other emerging pathological conditions.
 ...
PMID:The calpain family and human disease. 1151 96

A self-reported questionnaire on the health status, life habits, and social background was conducted at baseline in the Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study on Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases (JPHC study). This report presents the outcome of the study regarding past or family history of various diseases, medical treatment, life habits such as physical labor or sports, and social background among study participants. In both cohorts I and II, prevalent past and family history included hypertension, stroke, and cancer, whereas the prevalence of coronary heart diseases was historically low. The prevalence of a past history of hypertension and stroke was higher in the northern part of Japan, Ninohe, and Yokote, and lower in Okinawa, compared to the other districts. The prevalence of participants with a history of stomach cancer and liver cancer was higher in Arikawa than in other districts. The frequency of participants who took medication from doctors ranged from 20% to 30%, higher in the Tohoku areas, and lower in Okinawa compared to the other districts. All districts showed a high rate of over 70% for the participation rate for basic health examination conducted by the local government, The rate was particularly high in the Tohoku area where a high prevalence of a history of hypertension was found. The frequency of persons who had a chance to participate in sports or physical exercise was high in Okinawa and Suita subcohort 2, although the mean total physical activity (both at work and for leisure time) was lowest in the latter subcohort. No substantial differences were found in compositions of personality among districts. The frequency of more active and positive persons, however, was relatively higher in urban areas and lower in Okinawa compared to the other districts. The association between the differences of health status, life habits, and social background and the occurrence of various lifestyle-related diseases will be clarified in a follow-up study within the JPHC study.
 ...
PMID:Health status, life habits, and social background among the JPHC study participants at baseline survey. Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study on Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases. 1176 40

First-generation immigrant populations in industrialized countries frequently have a lower mortality than the host population, a finding that is unexpected and often dismissed as the result of bias. We propose an alternative explanation for a real, albeit temporal, mortality advantage. We base our argument on two premises: First, that there are differences in the progression of the health transition between the immigrants' countries of origin and industrialized host countries; and, second, that there are differences in the speed at which changes in mortality from various causes occur after migration. Mortality from treatable communicable and maternal conditions, still high in many countries of origin, quickly declines to levels close to those of the host country. Mortality from ischaemic heart disease, the most common cause of death in the host countries, takes years or decades to rise to comparable heights. This is because of the time lag between increases in risk factor levels and an increased risk of coronary death. Hence, first-generation immigrants may initially experience a lower mortality than the host population, a point that has so far been under-appreciated in discussions of immigrant mortality. After adopting a western lifestyle immigrants face an increasing risk of ischaemic heart disease. The increase occurs on top of a persisting risk from conditions associated with childhood deprivation, e.g. stomach cancer and stroke--the unfinished agenda of the health transition that immigrants experience.
 ...
PMID:Time travel with Oliver Twist--towards an explanation foa a paradoxically low mortality among recent immigrants. 1185 49

The aim of the present study was to propose a methodology to formulate quantitative health targets which combined an extrapolation method and a benchmark method, and to estimate the targets for mortality rates (Mb) for selected causes of death by the year 2010 in Japan. Using the extrapolation method, based on the nationwide Mt from 1988 to 1997, the Mt in 2010 was predicted using a regression model. Using the benchmark method, the paired-mean of the age-adjusted mortality rates (Mts) of the top five prefectures among 47 prefectures was calculated as the benchmark. Combining the predicted mortality and the benchmark mortality, year 2010 targets were determined. As a results year 2010 targets as percentages compared with Mt in 1997 for cancer at all sites, stomach cancer, lung cancer, colo-rectal cancer, liver cancer and stroke were estimated to be 93, 52, 94, 102, 53 and 52% for males, and 84, 43, 86, 82, 60, and 45%, for females, respectively. The methodology presented in this article could be used as a standard procedure to formulate realistic quantified health targets, which can be adopted to develop health policies in nations, regions and communities.
 ...
PMID:A combination of an extrapolation method and a benchmark method to develop quantitative health targets for Japan. 1208 92

In a double-blinded randomized controlled trial, we investigated the long-term effect of vitamin C supplementation on blood pressure. A total of 439 Japanese subjects with atrophic gastritis initially participated in the trial using vitamin C and beta-carotene to prevent gastric cancer. Before and on early termination of beta-carotene supplementation, 134 subjects dropped out of this trial, whereas 120 and 124 subjects took the vitamin C supplement daily at either 50 mg or 500 mg, respectively, for 5 years. Before supplementation, neither systolic nor diastolic blood pressure was significantly related with the serum vitamin C concentration. This relationship was unchanged after adjustment for age, body mass index, and alcohol intake or after stratification by gender. After 5 years, systolic blood pressure significantly increased in groups, regardless of vitamin C dose, compared with baseline. Systolic blood pressure in the high-dose group (500 mg daily) increased from 125.4 to 131.7 mm Hg (5.88 mm Hg increase; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.11 to 8.65). This value was similar with that of the low-dose group (5.73 mm Hg increase; 95% CI, 2.62 to 8.83) and of the dropout group (4.52 mm Hg increase; 95% CI, 1.26 to 7.77). There was no difference in change of diastolic blood pressure among the 3 groups. In conclusion, we observed no reduction in blood pressure with long-term moderate doses (500 mg/day) of vitamin C supplementation in a high-risk population for stomach cancer and stroke.
 ...
PMID:Lack of long-term effect of vitamin C supplementation on blood pressure. 1246 57


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Next >>