Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0024623 (gastric cancer)
 36,219 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Cancer diseases are the second most common cause of mortality in Poland. The cancers of digestive system: colorectal cancer, gastric cancer, pancreatic cancer and liver cancer are the first common malignant tumour. Pathogenesis of cancer diseases is connected with influence of environmental factors with individual dependent among others on detoxification enzymes. Genetic differences in the regulation, expression and activity of genes coding for phase I and phase II drug-metabolizing enzymes can be crucial factors in defining cancer of digestive system susceptibility. In this review our current knowledge about polymorphism in several of these genes is summarized.
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PMID:[Genetic polymorphisms of oxidation and acetylation in cancers of digestive system]. 1938 22

Telomere length reflects lifetime cumulative oxidative stress from environmental exposures, such as cigarette smoking and chronic inflammation. Shortened telomere length is thought to cause genomic instability and has been associated with several cancers. We examined the association of telomere length in peripheral leukocyte DNA with gastric cancer risk as well as potential confounding factors and risk modifiers for telomere length-related risk. In a population-based study of gastric cancer conducted in a high-risk population in Warsaw, Poland, between 1994 and 1996, we measured relative telomere length in 300 cases and 416 age- and gender-matched controls using quantitative real-time PCR. Among controls, telomeres were significantly shorter in association with aging (P < 0.001), increasing pack-years of cigarette smoking (P = 0.02), decreasing fruit intake (P = 0.04), and Helicobacter pylori positivity (P = 0.03). Gastric cancer cases had significantly shorter telomere length (mean +/- SD relative telomere length, 1.25 +/- 0.34) than controls (1.34 +/- 0.35; P = 0.0008). Gastric cancer risk doubled [odds ratio (OR), 2.04; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.33-3.13] among subjects in the shortest compared with the highest quartile of telomere length (P(trend) < 0.001). Telomere length-associated risks were higher among individuals with the lowest risk profile, those H. pylori-negative (OR, 5.45; 95% CI, 2.10-14.1), nonsmokers (OR, 3.07; 95% CI, 1.71-5.51), and individuals with high intake of fruits (OR, 2.43; 95% CI, 1.46-4.05) or vegetables (OR, 2.39; 95% CI, 1.51-3.81). Our results suggest that telomere length in peripheral leukocyte DNA was associated with H. pylori positivity, cigarette smoking, and dietary fruit intake. Shortened telomeres increased gastric cancer risk in this high-risk Polish population.
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PMID:Telomere length in peripheral leukocyte DNA and gastric cancer risk. 1986 14

Global hypomethylation has been shown to increase genome instability potentially leading to increased cancer risk. We determined whether global methylation in blood leukocyte DNA was associated with gastric cancer in a population-based study on 302 gastric cancer cases and 421 age- and sex-matched controls in Warsaw, Poland, between 1994 and 1996. Using PCR-pyrosequencing, we analyzed methylation levels of Alu and LINE-1, 2 CG-rich repetitive elements, to measure global methylation levels. Gastric cancer risk was highest among those with lowest level of methylation in either Alu (OR = 1.3, 95% CI = 0.9-1.9) or LINE-1 (OR = 1.4, 95% CI = 0.9-2.0) relative to those with the highest levels, although the trends were not statistically significant. For Alu, the association was stronger among those aged 70 or older (OR = 2.6, 95% CI = 1.3-5.5, p for interaction = 0.02). We did not observe meaningful differences in the associations by other risk factors and polymorphisms examined. For LINE-1, the association tended to be stronger among individuals with a family history of cancer (OR = 3.1, 95% CI = 1.4-7.0, p for interaction = 0.01), current alcohol drinkers (OR = 1.9, 95% CI = 1.0-3.6, p for interaction = 0.05), current smokers (OR = 2.3, 95% CI = 1.1-4.6, p for interaction = 0.02), those who rarely or never consumed fruit (OR = 3.1, 95% CI = 1.2-8.1, p for interaction = 0.03), CC carriers for the MTRR Ex5+123C>T polymorphism (OR = 2.3, 95% CI = 1.2-4.4, p for interaction = 0.01) and TT carriers for the MTRR Ex15+572T>C polymorphism (OR = 1.7, 95% CI = 1.0-2.8, p for interaction = 0.06). The association was not different by sex, Helicobacter pylori infection, intake of folate, vitamin B6 and total protein and the remaining polymorphisms examined. Our results indicate that interactions between blood leukocyte DNA hypomethylation and host characteristics may determine gastric cancer risk.
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PMID:Blood leukocyte DNA hypomethylation and gastric cancer risk in a high-risk Polish population. 2009 81

Ludwik Rydygier is undoubtedly the father of Polish gastrointestinal surgery. He performed two pioneering stomach operations: on 16 November 1880, first in Poland and second in the world after Jules Pean, the surgical removal of the pylorus in a 64-year-old patient suffering from stomach cancer; the operation took about four hours, unfortunately the patient died 12 hours later, and on 21 November 1881 he performed the world's first pylorectomy due to gastric ulcer, applying his own method of pylorectomy followed by the restoration by end-to-end anastomosis of the duodenal stump with the stomach stump; the patient survived the operation and recovered. Three years later, Rydygier introduced a new method of surgical treatment of peptic ulcer disease by means of gastroenterostomy. This review was designed to commemorate the outstanding achievements of Professor Rydygier, who worked at two universities: at the Jagiellonian University in Cracow, and at the Lemberg (Lviv) University. He was one of the founders of the Association of Polish Surgeons and an organizer of the first Meeting of Polish Surgeons in 1889. He was the author of over 200 published papers and several text-books on surgical infections, surgical techniques, orthopaedics and traumatology, urology, neurosurgery, and gynaecology. Professor Ludwik Rydygier possessed comprehensive knowledge of surgery and other medical disciplines, he was a courageous surgeon and skilled operator, being at the same time an extremely gifted organizer. His promotion to the rank of General of Polish Army crowned his credits for country's defence. At the anniversary of 90 years after his death, Polish surgeons pay the tribute to their mentor.
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PMID:Professor Ludwik Rydygier father and legend of Polish surgery. 2145 Dec 18

CHEK2 is a tumor suppressor gene whose functions are central to the induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis following DNA damage. Mutations in CHEK2 have been associated with cancers at many sites, including breast and prostate cancers, but the relationship between CHEK2 and gastric cancer has not been extensively studied. In Poland, there are four known founder alleles of CHEK2; three alleles are protein truncating (1100delC, IVS2G>A, del5395) and the other is a missense variant (I157T). We examined the frequencies of four Polish founder mutations in the CHEK2 gene in 658 unselected gastric cancer patients, in 154 familial gastric cancer patients and in 8,302 controls. A CHEK2 mutation was seen in 57 of 658 (8.7 %) unselected patients with gastric cancer compared to 480 of 8,302 (5.8 %) controls (OR 1.6, p = 0.004). A CHEK2 mutation was present in 19 of 154 (12.3 %) familial cases (OR = 2.3, p = 0.001). The odds ratio for early onset (<50 years) gastric cancer was higher (2.1, p = 0.01), than for cases diagnosed at age of 50 or above (OR 1.4, p = 0.05). Truncating mutations of CHEK2 were associated with higher risk (OR = 2.1, p = 0.02) than the missense mutation I157T (OR = 1.4, p = 0.04). CHEK2 mutations predispose to gastric cancer, in particular to young-onset cases.
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PMID:The risk of gastric cancer in carriers of CHEK2 mutations. 2329 41

One of the most common malignant diseases, both worldwide and in Poland, is gastric cancer. The pathogenesis of gastric cancer development is not entirely clear. Next to the environmental risk factors, such as Helicobacter pylori infection or dietary habits, the host genetic factors as predispositions to gastric cancer development are discussed. A transmembrane protein that could be associated with predisposition to cancer development is P-glycoprotein (P-gp). Physiologically, P-gp is present in normal tissue of the gastrointestinal tract, where it plays a protective role by transporting xenobiotics from a cell into extracellular environment. P-gp is encoded by the highly polymorphic ABCB1 gene. The most frequent polymorphisms at positions 1236, 2677, and 3435 may affect both the function and amount of protein, thereby leading to a loss of its physiological function, which could increase the predisposition to development of many diseases, including cancer. In this study, the potential significance of the ABCB1 gene in the development and progression of gastric cancer was evaluated. In 19 tissue samples collected from patients with gastric cancer, the ABCB1 gene polymorphisms were identified at positions 1236 and 2677 by automated sequencing and SNP 3435 by the RFLP method. The relative level of ABCB1 expression was measured in 10 samples of gastric cancer and morphologically normal tissues by real-time PCR. For SNPs at positions 1236, 2677, and 3435, no statistically significant differences in genotype frequencies between gastric cancer patients and healthy individuals were found. However, genotype TT for all studied polymorphisms occurred more frequently in the group of gastric cancer patients (31.6, 26.3, 42.1%, respectively) than in the group of healthy individuals (14.6, 13.5, 21.9%, respectively). The lowest relative expression levels of ABCB1 mRNA were observed for genotypes CC of SNP 1236, CC of SNP 3435, and GG of SNP 2677 (median: 0.215, 0.160, 0.160, respectively). There was a tendency that mutant homozygote TT for SNPs at positions 1236, 2677, and 3435 occurred more frequently in the subgroup of patients with Tis or stage I of TNM classification (SNP 1236 p = 0.0760; SNP 2677 p = 0.0813; SNP 3435 p = 0.0760) than in the subgroup of patients with stage II or III. Also the expression levels were lowest (median 0.740) in the group of patients with the less advanced clinical stage of cancer (Tis or I). Preliminary research showed that the ABCB1 gene polymorphisms at positions 1236, 2677, and 3435 were not related to an increased susceptibility of gastric cancer development. However, they may be associated with the inhibition of gastric cancer progression.
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PMID:Is the ABCB1 gene associated with the increased risk of gastric cancer development?--preliminary research. 2523 28

The treatment of acute chest pain can be a challenge in palliative care. Firstly, because acute chest pain is a symptom of a paucity of diseases, which makes diagnosis difficult and time consuming, while there is also a time constraint, due to the extreme suffering of the patient. Secondly, the condition of a patient with advanced cancer disease and co-morbidities does not always allow for required diagnostic procedures. The present report describes a case of acute, severe epigastric/chest pain in a patient with dynamic disease progression, who was receiving palliative care. This study also demonstrates that the pathophysiology of pain in a terminal patient may determine the treatment strategy. The patient in the present case was a 41-year-old male, who had previously undergone gastrectomy for stomach cancer, followed by postoperative chemotherapy. The patient was treated with palliative chemotherapy for metastases to the lungs, liver and lymph nodes, which led to the development of iatrogenic peripheral neuropathy. The patient was subsequently admitted to the Palliative Medicine In-patient Unit of the University Hospital of Lord's Transfiguration (Poznan, Poland) with the complaint of acute epigastric and chest pain. An electrocardiogram, echocardiogram, chest and abdomen computerized tomography scan, esophagoduodenoscopy and laboratory analyses were performed to determine the source of the pain. The patient was treated with morphine sulfate, metoclopramide, midazolam, diazepam, acetaminophen, ketamine, hyoscine butylbromide, propofol, dexamethasone and amoxycillin, and received parenteral nutrition. As the source of pain remained unclear, a second esophagoduodenoscopy was performed to determine a diagnosis, resulting in pain relief. Thus, in the present case, esophagoduodenoscopy was diagnostic and therapeutic. Furthermore, although the treatment of acute chest pain may be a challenge in palliative care, the present study indicates that pain treatment should be adjusted to anatomical, pathophysiological and pharmacological factors, and may pose risks due to the unavoidable parenteral co-administration of multiple agents with strong therapeutic effects.
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PMID:Treatment of acute, severe epigastric/chest pain in a patient with stomach cancer following gastrectomy: A case report. 2566 23

It is known that geographical differences in the prevalence and etiopathogenesis of gastric cancer exist across the world. Eastern Europe and East Asia are two of the largest endemic areas of gastric cancer in the world, yet there are few studies comparing its features in these two regions. Based on our experience and literature data, we performed a review that is mainly focused on the etiology and pathogenesis of sporadic gastric cancer and its geographic particularities. Geographic prevalence of specific Helicobacter pylori strains is also synthesized. The pathogenesis of gastric cancer in patients from countries of the authors, respectively Japan, Romania, Hungary and Poland, is particularly examined.
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PMID:Geographic particularities in incidence and etiopathogenesis of sporadic gastric cancer. 2661 4

BACKGROUND Mutations in DNA of mismatch repair (MMR) genes result in failure to repair errors that occur during DNA replication in microsatellites, resulting in accumulation of frameshift mutations in these genes and leading to DNA mismatch replication errors and microsatellite instability. Gastric cancers (GCs) with high MSI (MSI-H) are a well-defined subset of carcinomas showing distinctive clinicopathological features. In this study we investigated the rate of MSI and the correlation between MSI status and clinicopathological features of GC. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study included 107 patients with GCs: 61 with advanced gastric cancers (AGC) and 46 with early gastric cancer (EGC). MSI deficiency in GCs was assessed by the immunohistochemical analysis of expression of MMR proteins - MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, and PMS2 - using formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue. RESULTS A total of 6 (5.6%) MSI-H were observed. The loss of MMR proteins expression was associated with the intestinal type of GC in Lauren classification, and tubular and papillary architecture in WHO classification. There was no statistically significant association between negative MMR expression and other selected clinical parameters: age, sex, tumor location, depth of invasion (EGC and AGC), lymph nodes status, presence of the ulceration, and lymphocytic infiltrate. CONCLUSIONS In the present era of personalized medicine, the histological type of GC and MMR proteins status in cancer cells are very important for the proper surveillance of patients with familial GC and sporadic GCs, as well as for selecting the proper follow-up and treatment. Larger collaborative studies are needed to verify the features of MSI-H GCs in Poland.
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PMID:Expression of Mismatch Repair Proteins in Early and Advanced Gastric Cancer in Poland. 2752 54

The aim of this study was to present an epidemiological update regarding the classical prognostic parameters of gastric cancer (GC) in 3 countries from Eastern Europe and to suggest a modification of the pTNM staging system. In 333 consecutive cases which were diagnosed between 2003 and 2012 in 3 departments of pathology from Romania, Hungary, and Poland, the following parameters were analyzed: age and gender of patients, tumor localization, macroscopic and microscopic aspects including the degree of discohesivity, depth of tumor infiltration, and pTNM stage. From all of the studied parameters, the following proved to have independent prognostic value, indicating a lower survival rate: presence of distant metastases (p=0.001), lymph node positivity (p=0.0009), depth of tumor infiltration (p=0.04), age over 50 (p=0.02), proximally located tumors (p=0.03), and ulceroinfiltrative or diffusely infiltrative macroscopic aspect (p=0.0002). The pT2N1-3 staged cases showed a worse prognosis compared with the pT3N0 ones (p=0.02). Regardless of depth of invasion, the lymph node status remains the strongest indicator of the survival rate in GC. The pTN staging system should be adapted and a Dukes-MAC-like staging system should include the following groups: stage A1-T1N0, stage A2-T1N1-3, stage B1-T2N0, stage B2-T2N1-3, stage C1-T3N0, stage C2-T3N1-3, and stage D-T4N0-3. The grade of discohesivity/budding is not a prognostic factor in GC.
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PMID:Proposal of a Dukes-MAC-like staging system for gastric cancer. 2763 44


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