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Query: UMLS:C0024623 (gastric cancer)
 36,219 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A multicancer hospital based case-control study involving interviews with 741 incident male and female gastric cancer cases under the age of 75 years and an equal number of age and sex matched controls has been carried out in Poland. Smoking cigarettes without filter increased the risk for intestinal cancer in the cardia part of the stomach (OR = 3.72, 95% CI: 1.35-10.23). Relative risk of the intestinal type of cancer in the distal part of the stomach was augmented with the increasing frequency and amount of vodka drinking. Subjects who drank vodka at least once a week had about 4.5 times the risk of intestinal cancer of the gastric corpus compared to non-drinkers (RR = 4.45, CI: 2.26-8.75). The relative risk of intestinal carcinoma in the distal stomach due to vodka drinking among those who used to drink vodka on an empty stomach was also elevated (RR = 3.28, CI: 1.33-8.13), but the effect of years of vodka drinking habit failed to show significant association with gastric cancer. A weak interaction effect between smoking and vodka drinking was found for intestinal cardia cancer. Diffuse type gastric carcinoma or mixed type carcinoma were not significantly related to smoking or vodka drinking habits.
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PMID:[Tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption as risk factors for stomach cancer in different locations and histologic types]. 130 89

A study was carried out to analyse trends in cancer mortality sex differentials. This study compared age-standardized sex ratio values for mortality from 18 cancers (or groups of cancers), and total cancer mortality over the period 1950-1989 in 24 European countries, for 4 age groups (all ages, 20-44 years, 45-64 years, and 65 years and over). For lung cancer and other tobacco-related neoplasms, appreciable rises in sex ratio values were observed until the late 1970s, particularly in Southern and Eastern Europe, before levelling off in recent years, particularly among the younger age groups. In the late 1980s, the range of variation in overall age-standardized sex ratios for lung cancer was between 2 and 3 in the United Kingdom and in Nordic countries, and around or over 10 in Southern Europe. In young adults, the decline in sex ratio values observed in Denmark and Sweden (unity), and in other Nordic countries and in the United Kingdom (around or below 2) reflects a levelling of lung cancer in young males and an increase in young females. This clearly indicates that young women are a priority target group for smoking control interventions in Europe. Appreciable cohort effects were also observed for stomach cancer: rises in sex ratio values were greater in, or restricted to, middle- and older age groups, whereas in the young there was some tendency towards a levelling in sex differentials. The overall sex ratio values for stomach cancer were around 2 in most areas of Europe in the late 1980s. For intestinal cancer, sex ratio values showed some tendency to rise, reaching a level of 1.3-1.7 in the late 1980s; steady rises were also registered in sex ratio values for melanoma (skin cancer), reaching 1.5-1.8 in the late 1980s in most countries. These upward trends which were minor or inconsistent at younger ages in several countries became progressively stronger with advancing age. Sex ratio values were below unity for cancers of the gallbladder and the thyroid. Sex ratio values tended to rise also for leukaemia (from 1.2-1.5 to 1.5-1.7), but showed no noticeable trend for lymphomas or myeloma. The overall sex ratio values for total cancer mortality in the 1950s were between 1.2 and 1.4 in most European countries. Thereafter, they rose appreciably in several countries, reaching 1.9 in Czechoslovakia, Italy and Poland, and 2.3 in France.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Trends in cancer mortality sex ratios in Europe, 1950-1989. 141 53

Age-adjusted annual incidence rates of stomach cancer (ICD-9 code #151) were examined for the period 1973-88 among Connecticut residents who were born in the United States or who emigrated from one of five European nations (Italy, Poland, the United Kingdom, Germany, Portugal). Risk of stomach cancer among each of the five immigrant groups was elevated significantly above that of US-born residents. The magnitude of difference ranged from a 1.62-fold excess among persons born in Italy to a 4.27-fold increase in risk among persons born in Portugal. Cancer risk to foreign-born residents was less than that observed in their native countries, with decreases of 25-64 percent found here. Several differences in patient and disease characteristics were observed according to country of birth. Compared with US-born residents, there was a lesser predominance of males among patients born in Italy, Poland, and the UK. Among all foreign-born groups, the gastric cardia was involved less frequently, and the pyloric region more frequently, than in US-born patients. Adenocarcinomas were significantly less common among Polish-born cases. The findings suggest different etiologies in foreign and US-born patients.
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PMID:Stomach cancer patterns in European immigrants to Connecticut, United States. 161 Sep 68

Humans are exposed not only to preformed N-nitroso compounds (NOC) but also to a wide range of nitrogen-containing compounds and nitrosating agents which can react in vivo to form NOC, a versatile class of carcinogens. Nitrosating agents and NOC can also be synthesized endogenously in reactions mediated by bacteria and activated macrophages. Thus, endogenous formation of NOC can occur at various sites in the body. A sensitive procedure (the N-nitrosoproline (NPRO) test) has been developed to estimate exposure of humans to exogenous and endogenous NOC. Results of studies in human subjects with this test led to the following conclusions: (1) The process of endogenous nitrosation in humans is influenced by many factors; therefore, determination only of nitrate and nitrite in body fluids is insufficient to assess the extent of nitrosation in man in vivo. (2) In clinical studies to examine the model of gastric carcinogenesis based on bacterial colonization and nitrosation in vivo, progress has been made in explaining some steps, but several controversies remain. Although bacterial strains possessing enzymes that catalyse N-nitrosamine formation at neutrality have been isolated from the gastric juice of achlorhydric subjects, their precise role in gastric carcinogenesis remains to be clarified. (3) Formation of endogenous NOC was assessed by the NPRO test in: (i) subjects living in high- and low-incidence areas for stomach cancer in northern Japan, Costa Rica and Poland; (ii) subjects with different habits of betel-quid chewing and tobacco use; (iii) patients with urinary bladder infections; and (iv) subjects infested with liver fluke in Thailand. In all instances, greater exposure to endogenous NOC was found in high-risk subjects, but individual exposure was greatly affected by dietary modifiers of disease state: ascorbic acid efficiently lowered the body burden of intragastrically formed NOC. (4) Increased nitrosation is also observed in tobacco smokers, adding to the body burden of ingested or inhaled tobacco-related carcinogens. These results, together with the knowledge that NOC produce tumours in 40 animal species, clearly underline the potential role of NOC (and other nitrite-reactive compounds) in human cancer etiology, particularly when exposure starts early in life and persists over a long period. The demonstrated efficacy of certain vitamins as nitrosation inhibitors also provides a plausible interpretation of epidemiological findings that have shown protective effects of fruits and vegetables (sources of vitamins and polyphenols) against various malignancies and particularly stomach cancer.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:N-nitroso compounds and human cancer: where do we stand? 185 28

A hospital-based, multicenter, case-control study has been performed in Poland covering 741 incident stomach-cancer cases (520 males and 221 females) and the same number of controls. All stomach-cancer diagnoses were evaluated for histologic type according to the Lauren criteria. Fifty-one percent were of the intestinal type, 35 percent of the diffuse type, and 8.5 percent of the mixed type. The frequency of consumption of individual food items and several food groups was analyzed and the association of various foods with stomach cancer risk was evaluated after controlling for sex, age, occupation, education, and residency. Increased consumption of sausages was related significantly to gastric cancer risk, whereas increased consumption of cheese products, nonwhite bread, vegetables, and fruit was associated with decreased risk. A particularly strong decrease in risk was associated with consumption of radishes and onions. When consumption of fruits and vegetables, sausages, nonwhite bread, and cheese were introduced simultaneously in a multivariate model, independent effects were found only for fruit and vegetables, sausages, and nonwhite bread. The use of table salt, the frequency of eating hot meals, and an irregular eating pattern were also associated with increased risk, while additional consumption of fruit between meals showed reduced risk. If a reduction in vegetable and fruit consumption took place after marriage, an increased risk for stomach cancer was found, whereas augmented consumption of these food items after marriage decreased the risk. Separate risk models were calculated for stomach cancer of the intestinal and diffuse types, but both histologic varieties showed the same pattern of associations with dietary risk factors.
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PMID:Dietary risk factors in intestinal and diffuse types of stomach cancer: a multicenter case-control study in Poland. 187 52

The incidence of cancer in migrants to New South Wales (NSW) from Italy, Greece, Yugoslavia, Germany, the Netherlands, Poland and USSR has been compared with that in the Australian-born population using data from the NSW Central Cancer Registry for 1972-84. The indirectly age-standardized incidence ratios (SIR) in all seven countries were low for melanoma of skin and high for gastric cancer. Cancers of the colon, oesophagus and lip also tended to have low SIRs. Migrants from Italy, Greece and Yugoslavia had significantly less cancer at all sites than the native-born Australians mainly due to low SIRs for cancers of colon, lung (except Yugoslavian-born men), prostate and, in men, 'head and neck' (excluding nasopharynx). Cancers of breast and testis were relatively less common in migrants from Italy and Yugoslavia. SIRs were high for cancers of bladder (in Italian-born men), liver (in Greek- and Yugoslavian-born men) and nasopharynx (in Greek-born men and Italian-born men and women). Amongst migrants from the four more northerly European countries, ovarian cancer was relatively more common in women from Germany and Poland as was bladder cancer in men, but not women, from Germany and the Netherlands. Cancers which had significantly increased SIRs in one migrant group only were lung (Dutch-born men), cervix uteri and body of uterus (German-born women), gallbladder and bile ducts (Polish-born women), thyroid (Italian-born women), connective and other soft tissue (Russian-born men) and brain (Greek-born men and women computed together). Lymphomas were relatively less common in men born in Yugoslavia.
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PMID:Cancer incidence in European migrants to New South Wales. 226 68

Urine samples were collected from 96 inhabitants of a high-risk rural area and a low-risk urban area for stomach cancer in Poland, according to the following protocol: (1) when they were undosed; (2) after ingestion of proline 3 times a day; and (3) after ingestion of proline together with vitamin C 3 times a day. The samples were analyzed for N-nitrosamino acids and nitrates, as indices of exposure to preformed and endogenously formed N-nitrosamines. The median values of N-nitrosoproline (NPRO) and N-nitrosothiazolidine 4-carboxylic acid (NTCA) excreted in the urine of undosed subjects were not different between the two areas; but N-nitrososarcosine and 3-(N-nitroso-N-methylamino)propionic acid levels were 3- to 4-fold higher in subjects of the high-risk area. After intake of proline, the NPRO level increased (p less than 0.02) only in subjects in the high-risk area; intake of vitamin C tended to inhibit this increase in NPRO and lowered the levels of other nitrosamino acids. The urinary level of nitrates was 1.4-fold, but significantly higher among subjects in the high-risk area than among those in the low-risk area; nitrate levels were not correlated with the amounts of cured meat or types of vegetables consumed. Urinary nitrate levels and excretion of NPRO, NTCA and the sum of all nitrosamino acids analyzed showed positive, though modest, correlations. These results indicate a higher potential for endogenous nitrosamine formation, possibly by intragastric nitrosation among subjects in the high-risk rural area.
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PMID:Urinary excretion of N-nitrosamino acids and nitrate by inhabitants of high- and low-risk areas for stomach cancer in Poland. 258 63

The age-adjusted rates of stomach cancer in men and women aged 45-74 years tended to decrease in different countries in Europe between 3.0% and 5.3% per year over the last 10-15 years. East European countries had generally higher stomach cancer death rates than West European countries, and of these Austria and Finland had the highest rates. Stroke mortality decreased in West European countries in a similar way; the underlying factor might be salt intake. Between and also within West European countries a positive association has been found between changes in salt intake and trends in both stomach cancer and stroke mortality. In most East European countries, stroke mortality has increased. The greatest annual increases were in Poland and Czechoslovakia ranging between 2.9% and 4.8%. Thus, although the decline in stomach cancer mortality in Europe suggests a general reduction of salt intake, this alone was not sufficient to result in a decline in stroke mortality in East European countries. The stroke-salt intake association in East European countries might have been modified by other factors such as increased fat intake and obesity causing high blood pressure. Further studies are therefore needed to clarify the role of salt intake as a linking factor of stomach cancer and stroke.
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PMID:Trends in stroke and stomach cancer in Austria compared to selected Eastern and Western European countries. 356 29

We report results from a case-control study on stomach cancer conducted in 1980-81 in Cracow, Poland, where the risk of this disease is among the highest reported world-wide. One hundred and ten cases from a surgical clinic were matched by age and sex to the same number of controls from the same hospital. A matched series from a population-based health survey was also considered. After adjusting for residency, smoking and various food items, cases and hospital controls showed significant differences in consumption of fruits (RR rarely vs. daily: 3.24; 95% CI: 1.56-6.77), joint consumption of vegetables, salads and fruits (RR low vs. high: 4.23; 95% CI: 1.41-12.63), and consumption of protein-containing foods (RR low vs. high: 0.23; 95% CI: 0.08-0.61). Consumption of strong alcoholic beverages on an empty stomach (before breakfast) was associated with an RR of 2.09 (1.04-4.22). The findings are discussed in relation to the apparent urban/rural difference in stomach cancer incidence in Poland and the possible underlying etiological factors involved.
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PMID:A case-control study of dietary factors and stomach cancer risk in Poland. 371 Jun 15

The paper deals with the mortality pattern from stomach cancer over the period of last 20 years in Poland. The decrescent nature of gastric cancer was discussed in the light of data regarding the food consumption over several past decades and the results of the case-control study on stomach cancer and diet. In men the mortality rates dropped over 20 years by about 50% in younger and by about 40% in older age groups. Among women the drop in the rates was slightly faster than in men with the exception of age group 40-44 years. When examining the consumption of specific food products per capita over the period of last few decades, one has to note a marked increase in meat and drop in the consumption of cereals, as well as potatoes. The case-control study showed that the high risk of stomach cancer run the people with low level of vegetable and fruit consumption. Analysis performed confirmed the downward trend in stomach cancer rates in Poland over the last 20 years and explains the pattern observed by the marked changes in the nutritional habits of the population at large.
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PMID:Gastric cancer in Poland--a decreased malignancy due to changing nutritional habits of the population. 396 Feb 14


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