Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0024623 (gastric cancer)
 36,219 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Among 16 patients admitted into the Volynsk oncological dispensary with far-advanced tumors of the stomach and colon, the tumor perforation was recognized prior to surgery only in a half of the cases. Despite marked local proliferation and distant metastases there may be a pronounced pain syndrome. The absence of parallelism between the moment of intestinal content getting into the abdominal cavity and the protective reaction of the anterior abdominal wall musculature was characteristic of these patients. While the symptoms of peritoneal irritation in perforated gastric cancer can be recognized within the period up to 2 hours, the perforation of rectal cancer is frequently not accompanied with peritoneal signs. Among gastric cancer patients the perforation was diagnosed within 6 hours in six cases. The time of recognition of perforated cancer of the transverse colon and rectum was 15--16 hours.
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PMID:[Characteristics of the course of peritonitis in oncological patients]. 67 31

Hexokinase of the endometrium and gastric mucosa is represented by 5 isoenzymes. The "simplification" of HK isoenzyme spectrum is characteristic of cancer tissue. So, in gastric cancer there is a disappearance of the "slowest" isoenzyme, while in malignant endometrium the "fastest" one was absent. Hexokinase isoenzymes of the serum were identical to those in the tumors in question, that indicates the tumor origin of the body fluid hexokinase. The latter was not observed in normal body fluids. The isoenzymic composition of hexokinase in uterine fibromyoma did not differ from that in normal tissues. If hexokinase appeared in the serum of these patients, its isoenzymic composition was similar to that in the normal uterus. The study on the hexokinase isoenzyme composition may be a valuable adjunct in establishing the differential diagnosis between benign and malignant tumors.
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PMID:[Tumorous origin of the hexokinase in human biological fluids]. 71 18

Analysis of data from Japan and Hawaii offers no support for the hypothesis that the use of talc-coated rice increases the risk of developing stomach cancer. This conclusion is based on the observation that Japanese in Japan have very high rates of stomach cancer but consume no talc-coated rice, that Japanese in Hawaii have intermediate rates of stomach cancer but consume considerable amounts of talc-coated rice, and that Filipinos in Hawaii have very low rates of gastric cancer but consume the highest amounts of talc-coated rice of these three groups. Furthermore, secular trends in gastric cancer incidence show a much greater decrease in the incidence of this tumor among the exposed Japanese in Hawaii than among the unexposed Japanese in Japan.
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PMID:Talc-coated rice as a risk factor for stomach cancer. 71 74

Consideration is made of the problems involved in determining the effects of a chronic disease process, such as stomach cancer, on the observed mortality of the U.S. population. Specifically, since the time of initiation of tumor growth is unknown and the tumor becomes clinically manifest only after reaching considerable size, the early rate and pattern of tumor growth is unobserved. As a possible solution to the analysis of such problems, it is proposed to use stochastic compartment modelling techniques which deal with the problems of estimating the transition probabilities of a partially observed stochastic process. Implementation of the stochastic compartment techniques in this case depends on the selection of certain mathematical expressions from theories of carcinogenesis, epidemiologic studies and animal studies which allow the calculation of transition probabilities to unobserved states by making them explicit functions of time or age. Though the selection of the specific functions might be subject to debate, the general strategy of explicitly selecting such functions, and thereby exposing them for review in terms of biologic reasonableness and consistency with the data, seems to be a valid and useful methodology. Furthermore, various ways of viewing the model results (say from its internal behavior, e.g., from implied distributions of waiting times in various disease states) yield different insights into the various factors in carcinogenesis. The model, with parameters representing tumor incidence, time to tumor death given onset, genetic susceptibility to tumor growth and the effects of competing forces of mortality, is fitted to data on deaths due to stomach cancer for male U.S. residents age 25 and over in 1969. Two basic forms of the model, one with a waiting time distribution for occupants of the latent state and another with a single latency time, achieved excellent fits to the data. Examination of parameter estimates and compartment waiting time distributions are consistent with theoretical expectations and intuition. It is concluded that such strategies, involving the integration of clinical, experimental and vital statistics data into a comprehensive model of population carcinogenesis, are potentially powerful tools for investigation of the temporal dimensions of disease development in a human population.
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PMID:Compartment model approach to the estimation of tumor incidence and growth: investigation of a model of cancer latency. 71 21

The total binding capacity of the cell receptors and not only the fraction required to elicit physiological response was detected and it is shown that specific receptors filled by endogenous estradiol were detected along with the unfilled sites. Changing the temperature of the incubation media altered intracellular distribution of bound estradiol. Late nucleolar retention of estradiol was shown after its release from nuclear protein. This unexpected finding may be a key event. Tumor tissues were obtained from 40 primary breast cancers, 2 endometrial carcinomas, and 1 lung and 1 gastric cancer; 2 normal human spleens, 2 mouse livers, and 1 breast from a 5-month pregnant women were processed. Tissue samples were transferred to a cold flask containing phosphate-buffered balanced salt solution. Further details of preparation are given to show typical estradiol-target cells containing variable amounts of specific estradiol-receptors. For immunofluorescence staining and indirect technique was used to show the in situ estradiol localization. The fluorescence staining showed 3 patterns. Cells incubated in the cold mostly displayed a bright, homogeneously diffuse fluorescence of the cytoplasm with the nuclear area unstained. There were some negative cells. The 2nd pattern of fluorescence was shown by those incubated at room temperature. Cytoplasmic staining was more marked and nuclear areas showed bright-fluorescent light stippling. A 3rd staining pattern was seen after slow postincubation warming up to 37 degrees C when increased nuclear staining occurred. Some cells did not show any nuclear labeling despite the clear cytoplasmic fluorescence. Preparations of human spleen, nontarget tumors, or mouse liver had no fluorescent cells. All fluorescent stainings were prevented by preincubation and washing in media containing Nafoxidine and N-ethylmaleimide. Control experiments confirmed the immune specificity of the detection of estradiol. Breast tissue cells from a pregnant women showed moderate cytoplasmic and faint nuclear fluorescence before incubation with estradiol, after which cytoplasmic staining was reinforced. Cells from the premenstrual beast cancers sometimes showed fluorescence without exposure to estradiol.
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PMID:Detection and dynamic localisation of estradiol-receptor complexes in intact target cells by immunofluorescence technique. 78 84

The status of cell-mediated immunity was studied in 360 patients with gastric cancer before surgery. For the skin test, tuberculin and DNCB were employed. For the in vitro test, the blastogenesis of peripheral blood lymphocytes to phytohemagglutinin (PHA), the ratio of rosette-forming T cells to sheep blood red cells, and the macrophage migration inhibiotry factor against autochthonous tumor antigens were measured. As a result, it was found that in progressive gastric cancers the cell-mediated immunity decreased specifically or nonspecifically, especially the DNCB reaction; and the blastogenesis against PHA showed an inverse correlation to the advance of gastric cancer.
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PMID:Preoperative cell-mediated immune status of gastric cancer patients. 79 9

Gastric juice was neutralized (nGJ) in vivo by 80 ml of a phosphate buffer containing radiolabelled vitamin B12 as dilution indicator. Unprocessed nGJ was analyzed in the double gel diffusion technique for the presence of serum proteins using monospecific antisera. Alpha1-Acid glycoprotein (AGP) was found in a high incidence (36 out of 38 subjects) in nGJ of gastric cancer patients. AGP was also observed less frequently in nGJ of patients with Billroth II resections (6/15), metaplasia (11/52), gastric ulcer (3/24), chronic atrophic gastritis (2/26) and chronic gastritis (3/63). AGP was absent in the control group (0/21), in patients with surface gastritis (0/38) and in subjects with normal acid secretion (0/45). Immunochemical studies demonstrated no identity of AGP with human "gastrointestinal tumor associated antigens." In 7 out of 17 AGP positive samples immunochemical differences between gastric and serum AGP were observed.
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PMID:Alpha 1-acid glycoprotein in gastric cancer juice. 80 43

Peripheral blood leukocytes from patients with gastric cancer and various other malignant and nonmalignant diseases and peripheral blood leukocytes from apparently healthy volunteers were tested in the leukocyte migration inhibition test with the use of 4-5 different 3 M KCl extracts of gastric cancer tissue. An operational criterion for defining sensitization of patients' leukocytes was developed; i.e., evidence in an individual sample of leukocytes of either decreased or increased migration areas (migration index less than or equal to 0.79 and larger than or equal to 1.20, respectively) with 3 or more antigen extracts. With this as an indicator of sensitization, it was found that 91% of patients with gastric cancer (39/43), comparto 5% (5/94) and 3% (1/32) of patients with nonmalignant, nongastric diseases and normal controls, respectively, were reactive. Patients with various nongastric cancers were sensitized in 36% (49/135) of cases. Gastritis and gastric, as well as duodenal, ulcer did not influence the reactivity of patients' leukocytes, but considerable sensitization was found in patients with atrophic gastritis or intestinalization. When classified in the usual manner, i.e., by considering the reaction with individual tumor extracts, the specificity and the sensitivity of the test was markedly diminished: More false negative determinations were found in the group of gastric cancer patients, and the percentage of false positives in the group of nonmalignant diseases increased. The results gave evidence of tumor-associated antigens in gastric cancer patients, against which the host elicited a cellular immune response. The high incidence of positive reactivity of leukocytes from patients with gastric cancer, together with the considerable cross-reactivity of leukocytes from patients with nongastric cancer, pointed to the expression of antigens with organ-related and widespread specificities.
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PMID:Leukocyte migration studies in gastric cancer detection: an approach toward improved specificity and sensitivity. 84 93

Records of 403 patients with gastric cancer seen between 1957 and 1966 at the Lahey Clinic Foundation have been analyzed. While the operability rate was 94 per cent and the resectability rate was 58 per cent, the cure rate was only 11 per cent and was unchanged from the previous decade. Significant correlation occurs with location, clinical type, histologic type, size of tumor, and number of lymph node metastases. The surgical approach is aggressive in exploration and in treating extensive but resectable cancers but is conservative for the average cancers and does not include resection of spleen, omentum, pancreas, and total stomach if possible. The histologic differentiation into diffuse and intestinal varieties provides additional prognostic information as well as clues to the etiology of varieties of gastric cancer.
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PMID:Gastric cancer. Contemporary aspects. 84 77

An improved micromethod for evaluating in vitro lymphocyte blastogenetic activity, a modification of the method of Park and Good, is devised and used in 111 stomach cancer, 34 colorectal cancer, and 22 breast cancer cases. Follow-up information on the lymphocyte blastogenetic activity levels was available in 28 stomach cancer patients after the clinically complete removal of the tumor. In 16 patients with early stomach cancer the lymphocyte blastogenetic level did not differ greatly from a control values from healthy volunteers. However, in 66 advanced stomach cancer cases, statistically lower levels were encountered. After the complete removal of the tumor in 28 stomach cancer patients, the lymphocyte blastogenetic values rose postoperatively. The lymphocyte blastogenetic levels in patients with curative colorectal cancer or curative breast cancer were significantly higher than those patients with non-curative tumors.
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PMID:Value of lymphocyte reactivity induced by phytohemagglutinin in the treatment of malignant diseases. 85 63


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