Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0024623 (gastric cancer)
 36,219 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Tumor-specific immunity to carcinoma of the colon, pancreas and stomach was assayed by tube LAI. Cancers of the colon, pancreas and stomach, were shown to possess organ-type specific neoantigens. In 115 patients with colon cancer, 100%, 75%, 61% with Dukes' A, B and C cancer were LAI positive, respectively. Even a microfocus of in situ cancer in a colon adenoma was sufficient to stimulate measurable tumor-specific immunity in the host. In Dukes' D cancer, 25% of patients with widespread metastasis were positive, whereas 100% with solitary lesions were positive. Reactive leukocytes from patients with colon cancer did not react to extracts of normal bowel mucosa or villous adenoma from LAI-negative patients. Leukocytes from 19% (3 of 16) of patients with colon adenomas reacted to the extract of colon cancer but not normal colon mucosa. Moreover, the LAI-positive response of the patients with colon adenomas or colon cancer is directed to a colon cancer TSA which is linked to beta2-microglobulin. These studies suggest that some colon adenomas express TSA before morphological evidence of cancer. It is not known if the acquisition of a cell surface TSA is an irreversible step toward unrestrained growth and metastasis. In pancreatic cancer, 100% of patients with cancers less than 5 cm and without metastasis were LAI positive, whereas 29% were positive when the cancer was greater than 5 cm or had metastasized. In Patients with stomach cancer, 100% with Stage II and 46% with Stage III and IV cancer were LAI-positive. Leukocytes from patients with other GIT cancers and from patients with inflammatory bowel disease or pancreatitis did not react with extracts of colon, stomach or pancreatic cancer. Leukocytes from patients with metastatic cancer, usually did not react in the tube LAI assay because their surfaces were coated in vivo with TSA. LAI reactivity was present when CEA was not detectable and when CEA levels were elevated LAI activity was often absent. The present study suggests that the automated tube LAI shows sufficient promise to warrant studies to determine its efficacy for the diagnosis of GIT cancers.
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PMID:Tube leukocyte adherence inhibition (LAI) assay in gastrointestinal (GIT) cancer. 37 89

Stomach cancer in the United States has decreased over the last 50 years. It is still a major type of neoplasm in Japan, Eastern and Northern Europe, and parts of Latin America. Current concepts suggest that the reduction of gastric cancer in the U. S. stems from an increased consumption of foods with vitamin C on a year round basis, which is shown to antagonize the formation of putative gastric carcinogens. Risk factors for large bowel, breast, and prostate cancer are totally different from those for gastric cancer and thus are amenable to independent controls, with the goal of ultimately reducing the risk and preventing these major cancers in man. Current research aims to identify the nature of the mutagenic materials obtained during the frying of protein-containing foods. This process may be involved in the generation of carcinogens for cancer of the colon, breast, and prostate. Cancer of the colon is subject to somewhat different controlling elements than cancer of the breast because of the nature of the cell kinetics governing these tissues. Thus, the mechanism of action of diet involves lifestyle. The type, quality, and mode of cooking of food, particularly, play important roles in the etiology of the main human cancers in the gastrointestinal tract and the endocrine-sensitive organs.
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PMID:Mechanism of action of diet as a carcinogen. 37 3

While carcinomas of the stomach is decreasing in incidence in the Dnited States, it is still a major cause of cancer death. But gastric neoplasms are not decreasing in some other geographic areas. According to some studies, 30% of all cancer in the U.S.S.R. originates in the stomach. The rate of gastric neoplasms is greatest in Japan, and over 54% of all cancer in the male population arises in the stomach. The peak age for development of stomach cancer is between 70 and 80 years; over 60% of all stomach cancer is diagnosed in patients between the ages of 60 and 70, while more than 10% is found in those over 80. The main hope for cure at this time rests with surgical treatment. However, despite increased use of surgery, the 5-year survival rate of approximately 13% for patients diagnosed during 1955-59 has not improved to any degree since that time. The major drugs commonly used to treat gastric cancer are 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and mitomycin C. Controversy still exists concerning the optimum method for administering 5-FU, the most frequently used drug in the United States. The standard loading-course method was attended by a high risk of severe toxicity and drug-related deaths. Several variations of the loading course have evolved. Currently, the Mayo Clinic group uses a 5-day course of 13.5 mg 5-FU/kg repeated every 5 weeks, with therapy interrupted if stomatitis or diarrhea develops; with this regimen the drug-related mortality rate was reported to be less than 1%. Studies have shown that 5-FU plus radiotherapy can enhance survival in patients with locally unresectable diseases. The overall objective with 5-FU is 20-25% with an average of 4-5 months' duration of response. Despite the many patients treated with 5-FU, rarely has a systematic analysis been done of factors such as age, sex, disease-free interval, histologic grade of the tumor, or sites or metastases, which might predispose to a favourable or unfavorable response. In Japan the most commonly used drug for treatment of gastric cancer is mitomycin C, the second most frequently used drug in the United States. The overall objective response rate with mitomycin C is between 20 and 30%, with the higher response rates being reported in the Japanese data. The average duration of response ranges from 1 to 3 months. The nitrosoureas [1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU), 1,3-cis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (CCNU), and methyl CCNU (MeCCNU)] have shown some evidence of activity against gastric cancer. BCNU has yielded an objective response rate of 18% (6/33) and an average duration of response of 4.5 months in gastric cancer patients, most of whom had no prior therapy. Adriamycin recently has been shown to have some antitumor activity, with an approximate response rate of 25%. Combination approaches have been more successful in stomach cancer than in any other gastrointestinal neoplasm. The Japanese have reported higher response rates with a combination of 5-FU, mitomycin C, and cytosine arabinoside...
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PMID:Gastric cancer: current status of treatment. 40 78

Simultaneous measurement of plasma and gastric immunoreactive carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was performed in 108 patients undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Gastric immunoreactive CEA was more sensitive than plasma CEA (92% vs. 65% positive) in patients with gastric cancer. In cancer patients gastric CEA was significantly higher than in all other patient groups. The extent of disease, the histologic type of adenocarcinoma, and the macroscopic appearance of the tumor had no influence on gastric CEA results. Gastric CEA was elevated in 44% of patients with gastritis and 26% of patients with benign gastric ulcers, but was never elevated in patients with no gastric pathology. In patients with benign disorders, elevated gastric CEA was significantly correlated with atrophic gastritis especially of moderate or severe degrees. Elevated levels persisted in patients with pernicious anemia and severe atrophic gastritis but returned to normal with healing of benign gastric ulcers. Simultaneous measurement of gastric total protein or potassium content was necessary to correct for variations in sample collection. We conclude that gastric CEA was not useful for distinguishing between benign and malignant lesions but should be studied further for screening high risk patients, for identifying and following patients with "premalignant" conditions, and for following cancer patients before and after surgery and/or chemotherapy.
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PMID:Simultaneous gastric and plasma immunoreactive plasma carcinoembryonic antigen in 108 patients undergoing gastroscopy. 42 1

Incidence rates of selected cancer sites reported by the California Tumor Registry and the New Mexico Tumor Registry are analyzed to study ethnic differences in cancer in the United States. The white majority population shows high incidence of lung and breast cancers. Black males show the highest prostatic cancer rate. Data also confirm the unusually high incidence of nasopharyngeal cancer and low prostatic cancer rates among Chinese males. The Japanese have the highest stomach cancer incidence among all the ethnic groups analyzed. A comparison with the cancer incidence in the same ethnic groups in their native countries reveals the impact of environmental or cultural changes on lung, breast, and stomach cancers, and a possible genetic influence on the high incidence of nasopharyngeal cancer among the Chinese population in the United States.
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PMID:Cancer incidence in the Western United States: ethnic differences. 43 66

Thirty-six patients with advanced measurable gastric cancer were treated with a new combination chemotherapy program consisting of 5-fluorouracil, Adriamycin and mitomycin-C (FAM). Fifty percent of patients achieved an objective partial response. The median duration of remission was 9.5 months and the median survival for responding patients was 13.5 months, with 2 remaining alive at 14 and 26 months. The median survival for nonresponding patients was 3.0 months and all were dead by 6 months after initiation of therapy. The median survival of all 36 patients treated with FAM was 5.5 months. An analysis of possible prognostic variables including initial performance status, resectability of the primary gastric tumor and histologic differentiation of the neoplasm failed to account for differences in patient response and survival. The FAM regimen was well tolerated, and produced only moderate bone marrow suppression. These results demonstrate that some patients with advanced gastric cancer can be effectively palliated with FAM chemotherapy. Phase III trials are warranted to assess the effect of the FAM regimen on the survival of patients with advanced gastric cancer.
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PMID:5-fluorouracil, adriamycin, and mitomycin-C (FAM) combination chemotherapy in the treatment of advanced gastric cancer. 45 63

A comparative study was made on different morphological pictures of the sinuses of the regional lymph nodes in gastric cancer patients with T1--4N0M0 with a 5-year survival, also the influence of age, depth of invasion, size and histological structure of the tumor on sinus histiocytosis was studied. Marked sinus histiocytosis, contrary to sinus fibrosis, was found to be a favourable prognostic sign. Sinus histiocytosis is influenced in a somewhat directly proportional way by the tumor size and histological differentiation. The given material rendered impossible to reveal any effect of age and depth of tumor invasion on sinus histiocytosis.
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PMID:[Prognostic significance of sinus histocytosis of the regional lymph nodes in stomach cancer]. 46 74

The prognosis of patients with advanced gastric cancer treated with non-curative resection is very poor. In order to improve patient prognosis, we have tried specific immunotherapy as an adjunct to surgery since January 1968. Sixty-two patients with gastric cancer underwent non-curative resection during the period of this study. Twenty-eight of these patients were treated with specific immunotherapy after surgery, and 34 patients received no additional therapy. The five year survival rate was 35 per cent in the former group, and zero in the latter. No significant difference in the degree of tumor extension and invasion was noted between the two patient groups. We concluded that specific immunotherapy as an adjunct to non-curative resection for advanced cancer is worthy of further study.
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PMID:Specific immunotherapy for non-curatively resected gastric cancer. 47 Feb 50

A prospective clinical trial was undertaken in 121 patients with stomach cancer to compare immunochemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil and FT-207 combined with OK-432 or PS-K, immunostimulators, and plain chemotherapy with 5-fluororacil and FT-207. Of the 121 patients who received immunochemotherapy, 67 patients (group A) had undergone curative removal of the tumor. The other 54 patients had undergone noncurative tumor removal or had recurrence after non-curative tumor removal and they were divided into two groups (groups B and C) on the basis of lymphocyte reactivity induced with PHA. Although group A exhibited a significant increase in PHA-induced lymphocyte transformation and a trifling increase in lymphocyte counts, its survival rate within a 36 month period did not differ from that of the peer controls. Group B, composed of 21 patients showing improvement of PHA-induced lymphocyte transformation, significantly prolonged its survival compared to the peer controls. The survival of group C, composed of 33 patients showing a gradual drop in PHA-induced lymphocyte transformation, was not prolonged compared to the peer control patients; and they showed significant decreases in lymphocyte counts. The overall survival of group B and group C was not superior to that of the 48 peer controls.
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PMID:Clinical value of immunochemotherapy with OK-432 or PS-K for stomach cancer patients. 47 Feb 51

Anastomotic failure complicated the postoperative course of 11 per cent of 350 gastric cancer patients who underwent total gastrectomy and esophagogastrectomy and was responsible for 33 per cent of all operative deaths. The extent of disease and the presence of tumor at the margin of resection did not prove to be significant factors in regard to the incidence of anastomotic failure. Gastrectomy combined with resection of other organs was associated with a significantly higher risk of failure. End-to-end esophagogastrectomy and esophagoduodenostomy appeared to be prone to failure, while Roux-en Y, jejunal pouch, and jejunal loop reconstructions were safer. Patients with severe intraabdominal or intrathoracic sepsis had a poor prognosis, and their management with surgical or conservative methods was ineffective. On the basis of these findings, alternatives to manual methods of visceral suturing should be considered.
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PMID:Anastomotic failure complicating total gastrectomy and esophagogastrectomy for cancer of the stomach. 47 76


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