Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0024623 (gastric cancer)
 36,219 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Data from the population based cancer registry in Alberta, Canada as well as from the National Canadian Cancer registry were used to evaluate the outcome of oncologic treatment over the past 25 years. Age standardized incidence rates for all cancers combined, and for most individual cancer sites separately, show a continuous increase over time. Overall, the mortality rates have been increasing as well. Age specific trends in incidence and mortality show that, despite an increase in incidence rate, only in childhood cancers does a decrease in mortality exist. However, in patients aged 50 years or more at the time of the cancer diagnosis an increase in mortality was noted which actually exceeded the increase in incidence. Site specific analysis showed a decreasing trend in mortality for Hodgkin's disease, testicular cancer, stomach cancer, and melanoma (in females). A disturbingly increasing trend, specifically in women, existed for lung cancer mortality. It is projected that in women in Alberta mortality from lung cancer will surpass breast cancer mortality to become the number one cancer killer in women within the next few years. The overall 1-year, 2-year, and 5-year relative survival for all cancers combined remained constant over the 25-year period covered in this study. In conclusion, when analyzing the three indicators (incidence, mortality, and survival rates) of success in the fight against cancer no objective signs of progress could be found. Exceptions are the childhood cancers and relatively infrequent tumors such as Hodgkin's disease and testicular cancer. A plea is made for a shift in funding towards an increased emphasis on applied prevention programs and research.
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PMID:Progress against cancer...?! 898 37

A cohort of 5072 patients with pernicious anaemia was identified in the Danish Hospital Discharge Register from 1977 to 1989 and, through linkage to the Danish Cancer Registry, the occurrence of cancer in the cohort was determined up to 1991. Observed numbers of cancer cases during 1-15 years of follow-up were compared with expected numbers based on national incidence rates. Besides the well-established increased risk for stomach cancer, the analysis also revealed a 2-fold increase in the relative risk for cancer of the buccal cavity and pharynx among pernicious anaemia patients in accordance with previous studies; previously reported elevated risks for other digestive tract cancers were not confirmed. There was a non-significantly increased risk for lymphatic and haematological malignancy but the risk tended to disappear after 5 years of follow-up, indicating a possible selection bias. Decreased risks for cervical cancer and non-melanoma skin cancer were also seen.
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PMID:Pernicious anaemia and cancer risk in Denmark. 861 39

Endobronchial metastasis (EM) from nonpulmonary tumors is uncommon. A 9-year retrospective study at the University Hospital Vall d'Hebron (Barcelona, Spain) identified 32 patients with EM. All but four cases were diagnosed by fiberoptic bronchoscopy with bronchial biopsy. Primary tumors included the following types: breast cancer (20), colorectal cancer (3), melanoma (2), gastric cancer (1), neuroblastoma of the olfactory nerve (1), abdominal leiomyosarcoma (1), hypernephroma (1), endometrial carcinoma (1), papillary thyroid cancer (1), and hepatocarcinoma (1). Median age at diagnosis of EM was 58.7 years and median interval from the diagnosis of the primary tumor to the diagnosis of EM was 50.4 months. Seventeen patients (53%) had evidence of other metastatic sites at endobronchial relapse. The more common clinical manifestations included cough (37.5%), haemoptysis (28%), dyspnea (18.7%), and recurrent pulmonary infections (6.2%). Eight patients (25%) had no symptoms. There appears to be a predilection for metastatic involvement of the right and left upper lobe bronchus. Treatment was instituted in 20 patients, and their median survival was 11 months, in comparison with the 3 months found in 12 patients who received only palliative therapy because of advanced disseminated disease. Breast cancer is the most common tumor causing EM. The prognosis of patients with EM depends on the type of the primary tumor and the presence of other metastatic sites. Treatment must be individualized.
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PMID:Endobronchial metastatic disease: analysis of 32 cases. 869 37

Mutations of the p53 tumor-suppressor gene are the most common genetic alterations in human cancer, found in approximately 50% of all tumors. The importance of p53 in human cancer attracts attention in molecular studies dealing with the pathogenesis, diagnosis and prognosis in tumor pathology. This review summarizes the current understanding of p53 both on the genetic and protein level. Frequency and spectrum of somatic p53 mutations in the carcinogenesis of breast cancer, colorectal cancer, gastric cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, squamous-cell carcinoma of the skin and malignant melanoma are discussed including our own investigations and studies published in the literature.
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PMID:[Tumor suppressor gene p53. Theoretical principles and their significance for pathology]. 871 Jul 88

The results of an international, collaborative study of cancer in Circumpolar Inuit in Greenland, Canada, Alaska and Russia are summarized. A total of 3 255 incident cancers were diagnosed from 1969 to 1988 among 85 000-110 000 individuals. Indirect standardization (SIR) based on comparison populations in Connecticut (USA), Canada and Denmark showed excess risk of cancer of the lung, nasopharynx, salivary glands, gallbladder and extrahepatic bile ducts in both sexes, of liver and stomach cancer in men, and renal and cervical cancer in women. Low risk was observed for cancer of the bladder, breast, endometrium and prostate, and for non-Hodgkin lymphoma, Hodgkin's disease, leukaemia, multiple myeloma and melanoma. Age-standardized incidence rates (ASRs) of cancer of lung, cervix, nasopharynx and salivary glands among Inuit were among the world's highest as were rates in women of oesophageal and renal cancer. Regional differences in ASRs within the Circumpolar area were observed for cancer of the cervix, lung, colon and rectum, liver, gallbladder and breast. The differences in the Inuit cancer incidence pattern to some extent reflect known variations in lifestyle, diet and other exposures, as well as implementation of cancer control measures. Future research addressing possible individual differences are needed to evaluate environmental and genetic factors in etiology and evaluate intervention studies.
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PMID:Cancer in Circumpolar Inuit 1969-1988. A summary. 881 71

The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility of a vaccine therapy using tumor necrosis factor (TNF) gene-transduced autologous tumor cells for the treatment of human gastrointestinal cancers, which tend to have lower immunogenicity than other cancers such as melanoma and renal cell carcinoma. We succeeded in establishing primary cultured tumor cells from 12/54 carcinomatous effusions (4 liver cancer patients, 5 gastric cancer patients, 1 pancreatic cancer patient, and 2 colon cancer patients) and in transducing the TNF gene to the tumor cells by using the retrovirus vector MFG-TNF. Even after irradiation, TNF production (0.3-3.5 U/ml per 10(6) cells per 72 hr) was confirmed for 10 of 12 transfectants, and the other two transduced cells were found to have approximately one TNF gene copy. In 7 of the 12 patients, the cytotoxic activity of killer cells to nontransduced autologous tumor cells incubated with these TNF gene transfectants was augmented. This activity was blocked with anti-HLA class I antibody or BrefeldinA (BFA), suggesting that the killer cells were cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) and tumor antigens are presented with HLA class I molecules. Indeed, enhanced expression of HLA class I and/or ICAM-1 molecules on the surface of the TNF gene-transduced tumor cells were observed by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis. Furthermore, natural killer (NK) and/or lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) activities determined by using K562 or Daudi cells as targets were also enhanced in some of these cases when they were incubated with TNF gene-transduced tumor cells. These findings indicate the feasibility of using TNF gene-transduced tumor cells as a vaccine in gastrointestinal cancer patients.
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PMID:Augmented antitumor effects of killer cells induced by tumor necrosis factor gene-transduced autologous tumor cells from gastrointestinal cancer patients. 889 81

CGP 41251 (4'-N-benzoyl staurosporine, CAS 120685-11-2) has been shown to exert increased selectivity for the inhibition of protein kinase C (PKC) activity. In the present study the effect of CGP 41251 formulated in gelucire as an antitumor agent was studied in various types of murine and human tumor models. When administered at a dose of 75 mg/kg 3 times daily for 9 days, CGP 41251 prolonged the life span of the mice bearing B16 melanoma (ILS = 36%). CGP 41251, administered orally at doses of 25-225 mg/kg once daily for 9 days, however, did not show distinct efficacy in four kinds of murine tumor models (B16 melanoma, colon 26, colon 38 and M5076). In s.c.inoculated human tumor xenograft models, CGP 41251, administered orally at a dose of 200 mg/kg once daily for 4 weeks showed a broad antitumor spectrum. CGP 41251 inhibited the growth of gastric cancer (H-55), colorectal cancer (H-26), breast cancer (H-31) and lung cancer (H-74 and LC-376) with inhibition rates of 58-80%. In a histopathologic study, increase in central necrosis and condensed nuclei and vacuolar degeneration were observed, but there was no structural destruction by the treatment of CGP 41251. In addition, CGP 41251 decreased the number of PCNA (proliferating cell nuclear antigen) immunoreactive cells in human tumor cells H-55, H-26 and H-74. These results indicate that CGP 41251 shows a broad antitumor spectrum against human tumors, and it is suggested that CGP 41251 is a promising oral antitumor agent which has a novel mechanism of action.
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PMID:Antitumor activity of the new selective protein kinase C inhibitor 4'-N-benzoyl staurosporine on murine and human tumor models. 892 45

Cisplatinum is currently used as a front line agent in many important tumors, but its dose-limiting nephrotoxicity prevents potential efficacy. There is therefore great interest in developing new platinum agents that have less toxicity. We have synthesized new platinum analogues containing DACH as a carrier ligand and DPPE as a leaving group. Previously we showed that these new platinum complexes have much less nephrotoxicity than cisplatinum. In the present study, the efficacy of one new platinum complex was evaluated with human patient bladder tumor specimens in three-dimensional histoculture as well as with monolayer cultures of cancer cell lines. The efficacy end points used were glucose consumption and thymidine incorporation on the histocultured specimens and MTT reduction on monolayer cell cultures. Our results showed that the new platinum complex was more effective at high concentration (10(-3) M) but less effective at low concentration (10(-4) M) compared to cisplatinum on histocultured bladder tumor specimens. The compound demonstrated higher efficacy than cisplatinum on P-388, and L-1210 leukemic cell lines. The new analog demonstrated similar efficacy to cisplatinum on the MKN-45 human stomach cancer cell line. The PC-14 human lung cancer cell line, MH1C1 rat hepatoma cell line, NIH-OV3, SKOV-3 ovarian cancer cell lines were as sensitive to the new analog as to cisplatinum at high concentrations of the new platinum analogue. The cisplatinum-resistant M-14 melanoma cell line was not sensitive to either the new analog or cisplatinum. Based on these results, this novel platinum compound appears to be a valuable lead compound with high efficacy and low nephrotoxicity.
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PMID:Efficacy of the platinum analog [Pt(cis-dach)(DPPE)-2NO3] on histocultured human patient bladder tumors and cancer cell lines. 904 1

Immune recognition of human cancers except melanoma is not well understood at either the cellular or the molecular level. We demonstrate in this study the existence of HLA class-I-restricted and tumor-specific CTL in IL-2-activated TIL (tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes) of all 4 gastric cancer patients tested. We established HLA A2-restricted and adenocarcinoma-specific CTL in 2 HLA A0201+ patients, and HLA A2402-restricted CTL recognizing both adenocarcinoma and squamous-cell carcinomas (SCC) in the 2 remaining HLA A2402+ patients. Further, HLA A3101-restricted and adenocarcinoma-specific CTL were established in 1 of the 2 HLA A2402+ patients who had HLA A3101 allele. HLA A2-, A2402- and A3101-restricted CD8+ CTL clones were established from these parental CTL lines. The 2 HLA A2-restricted CTL lines lysed 8 of 13 HLA A2+ adenocarcinoma cell lines established from different organs (stomach, colon, lung and breast) with different subtypes (HLA A0201, A0206 and A0207). The HLA A2-restricted CTL line recognized 9 and 6 different HPLC fractions of peptides eluted from the HLA A0201+ breast and HLA A0201+ colon adenocarcinoma cell lines, respectively. Allele-specific deletion of HLA A2 or A24 molecules was observed in some tumor lines that were not susceptible to lysis by the CTL lines. These results suggest that TIL of gastric cancer possess CTL recognizing different peptide antigens binding to different HLA-A alleles that are widely expressed on adenocarcinomas and also, to some extent, on SCC from different organs.
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PMID:HLA class-I-restricted and tumor-specific CTL in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes of patients with gastric cancer. 909 41

To describe the incidence of cancer in coal miners in New South Wales (NSW) between 1973 and 1992, an inception cohort of all male coal industry employees who entered the industry between 1 January 1973 and 31 December 1992 was constructed from the medical examination records of the Joint Coal Board. This cohort was matched with the NSW State Cancer Registry to determine the occurrence and type of cancer. In the cohort of 23,630 men, 297 developed 301 primary cancers in the 20-year period of observation. The standardised incidence ratio (SIR) for all cancers was 0.82. Stomach cancer has been reported to be common in coal miners but the SIR for stomach cancer was not higher than average in this cohort. A cluster of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma has been reported in a NSW coal mine but an increased risk of this cancer was not evident in the industry as a whole. Similarly a cluster of cases of brain tumour has been reported. In this cohort, the SIR for brain tumour was 1.05 (95 per cent confidence interval (CI) 0.57 to 1.76) and a risk for brain tumour remains unconfirmed. The SIR for malignant melanoma was 1.13 (CI 0.90 to 1.39) together and 2.02 (CI 1.31 to 2.98) for those workers who started in an open-cut mine. Overall, there does not appear to be a general risk of cancer in the NSW coal industry. Open-cut miners have an increased risk of malignant melanoma, which may be related to their exposure to the sun at work.
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PMID:The occurrence of cancer in a cohort of New South Wales coal miners. 914 25


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